During the Roman period, the influence of social culture on civic morality?
Rome's conquest of the Mediterranean, especially Greece, brought Greek habits and ideas of life to the Roman Republic. The Romans had great respect for intellectual philosophers, and after the conquest of Greece, a large number of learned Greeks were brought back to Rome, including the famous historian Polybius.
These Greeks discovered Rome and brought Greek thoughts, behaviors, and habits to Rome, with the Greek Cynicism of nature being popular in Rome, as well as the Stoics. These schools of thought catered to the temperance, simple civic virtues of traditional Roman civic morality.
The Romans did not simply accept Greek culture, but integrated the knowledge since ancient Greece into the Romans' own knowledge system, and focused on applying it to real life to create the developed productive forces of classical Western civilization.
Simplicity and moderation were the main characteristics of Roman culture, and this Roman spirit also influenced Roman art and culture, thus reflecting pragmatic aesthetic characteristics.
Roman art is highlighted in architecture, magnificent Roman architecture all reflect the pragmatic national spirit, the Romans first ensure that the architectural design is solid and practical, and then the aesthetics of the building.
In the 1st century BC, Vitruvius, an outstanding architect in Rome, put forward the design ideas and principles of "practical, solid and beautiful", which is the most accurate summary and summary of Roman architectural art.
Many of Rome's public buildings—public baths, urban drainage systems—are functional. In the art of carving, Rome strives to truly reproduce the original appearance of the figure, rather than beautify the character, or even reproduce the shortcomings of the figure intact.
The virtues of simplicity, purity and pragmatism in Roman literature have always been the mainstream of Roman literature and art. The best embodiment of traditional virtues is agriculture and agronomic techniques, and Roman literature and technical books that have survived to this day are all related to agriculture.
Virgil's "Madrigal" and "Idyllic" clearly reflect the simple and pragmatic cultural characteristics, showing the poet's strong local atmosphere. The most notable aspect of Virgil's work is the depiction of beautiful pastoral life and the people's desire for peaceful life.
In addition, the description and description of agricultural production also reflects the Roman perception of labor and wealth at that time.
Virgil's "Madrigal" and "Idyll" and Colomera's "On Agriculture" are both famous agricultural books in Rome, they not only record the production technology and management methods of Roman agriculture, but also describe in detail the economic relations of Roman society, and fully reflect the material world of republican Rome.
In addition to the agricultural plot of the Romans, Roman literature also focuses on the shaping of excellent Roman characters, and the spiritual character of the Roman people is expressed in these characters, such as Virgil's "Aeneid", which describes the experience of Aeneas leading his people from Troy to Latinum, showing the perseverance and tenacious fighting spirit of the Roman ancestors.
In addition to the extensive depictions of men, depictions of women appear in Roman epics. Although Dido was not the ancestor of Rome, the depiction of Dido, the founder of Carthage, in Virgil's Aeneid has the chaste qualities of Roman women.
The Aeneid combines the qualities of Roman men and women and becomes monumental poetry in Roman culture.
Livy's "History Since its Completion" also reinterprets the development of Rome from the perspective of Roman virtue in detail, in which the story of Lucretia also vividly reflects the story of Roman women guarding chastity, facing the covetousness of Tarquin's son Sextus, Lucretia ended his life without hesitation, and the people also used this as the fuse to establish the Republic of Rome, and the story of Dido and Lucretia has long been interpreted by Rome as a model of Roman virtue and chastity.
