He was a descendant of Zhang Liang, one of the "Three Masters of the Early Han Dynasty", and a descendant of Zhang Hua, the Great Sikong of the Western Jin Dynasty; he won the first place in the examination in the system of science in his early years, and was on a par with Su Yong, the Duke of Xuguo, known as "Yan Xu Dabi", and was regarded by the people of the time as "a generation of Wenzong"; he was concerned about the royal family, actively participated in the coup d'état, killed Empress Wei and Princess Taiping, and vigorously safeguarded the legal status of the Li Tang Dynasty; he and Yao Chong, who were political opponents, made a comeback and re-ascended to the throne with their super public relations skills. So who is he, why he was able to rise up many times during the most turbulent period of the Tang Dynasty, occupy a high position, and show his grand plans, and what did he rely on to be valued and loved by the three generations of emperors of the Tang Dynasty?
Zhang said
One day in the ninth year of the new century (721), Wang Maozhong, the emperor's confidante, read the emperor's edict to shi and the ambassador of the Tianbing Army, the governor of the prefecture, when the content of the edict reads "The ambassador is specially appointed as the Bingbu Shangshu, and the Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi". The man who knelt down to listen to the announcement burst into tears of excitement, and when the edict was finished, he even disregarded the etiquette and went to kiss the tip of the boots of the emperor's emissary, Wang Maozhong. It's like a Western European medieval who kisses the tip of a pope's boots. So, we can't help but ask: Who is this nearly out-of-shape governor of the state? Why was he so ecstatic? In fact, he is zhang said, a famous literati of the Tang Dynasty.
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="01" data-track="4" after > famous courtiers</h1>
Zhang said that the character Daoji, born in the second year of Emperor Gaozong's Qianfeng (667), was a fanyang native. According to legend, Zhang Shuo's mother dreamed that a jade swallow flew from the southeast, threw it into her arms, and then gave birth to Zhang Shu. Its ancestors can be traced back to Zhang Liang, one of the "Three Masters of the Early Han Dynasty", and after that, the most famous figure in his family was The Western Jin Dynasty Sikong Zhang Hua, a famous politician and literary figure of the Jin Dynasty, who was reused by Emperor Hui's empress Jia Nanfeng after the death of Emperor Wu of Jin, who governed the Jin Dynasty in an orderly and peaceful manner. Unfortunately, in the first year of Yongkang (300), Sima Lun (Sima Yi's younger son and only son of emperor) launched a coup d'état, and Zhang Hua was unfortunately killed.
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="02" data-track="4" > first involved in politics</h1>
Although Zhang Said's ancestors lived in Hebei, by the time he was born, he was already in Luoyang. Although it has been more than 300 years since the ancestor Zhang Hua, the style and literary style that the ancestor Zhang Hua has at the same time was inherited by Zhang Hua. Zhang said that when he was young, he showed a super high literary talent. When he reached adulthood, he participated in the scientific expeditions held by the imperial court and won the first place with his strategy. Wu Zetian also admired and valued him very much. He was appointed as the Crown Prince's Teacher Lang, and later followed The Soldier Shangshu Wang Xiaojie to participate in the suppression of the rebellion of Li Duzhong and Sun Wanrong, and the reason why he was able to hold military positions for a long time in the future had a lot to do with this experience in his early years.
Wu Zetian
In the second year of the Holy Calendar (699), Zhang Shu participated in the compilation of the Three Teachings of Zhuying and became a subordinate of Zhang Changzong. Two years later, the revision work was over, and Zhang said that because he contributed the most, he was appointed by the imperial court as the right shi shi very internal worshipper.
The chancellor Wei Yuanzhong, who had always hated Zhang Yizhi's brother Zhang Changzong, repeatedly spoke to Wu Zetian and impeached them. This annoyed the little brothers. So the two brothers told the empress about Wei Yuanzhong's complaint. It is said that Wei Yuanzhong had secretly conspired with Princess Taiping to face Gao Jian
"The empress dowager is old, but if she threatens the prince for a long time",
The intention is to help the prince rebel and seize power in advance. At that time, Wu Zetian was already eighty years old, although in the first year of the Holy Calendar, he expressed his willingness to return to Li Tang, but after the incident of Li Chongrun (the eldest son of Emperor Zhongzong), Wu Zetian had some ambiguous attitudes towards the matter of li xian, the heir apparent son. This makes the original suspenseful imperial succession become more and more variable.
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="03" data-track="4" > into the whirlpool</h1>
Hearing Zhang Changzong's false accusations, the empress was furious, and Wei Yuanzhong was immediately imprisoned. Considering that Wei Yuanzhong was after all the prime minister of the dynasty, and now he was carrying the great crime of rebellion, if there was no strong evidence, I was afraid that it would be difficult to convince the public. Therefore, it was decided to have the Zhang brothers and Wei Yuanzhong gao jian confront the court the next day. Zhang said that he was serving as a Fengge Sheren (中書舍人) at that time, and belonged to the subordinates of the Zhang family brothers. Taking advantage of this relationship, Zhang Changzong instigated Zhang to speak out and give perjury in order to convict Wei Yuanzhong. At this time, Zhang said that he was at the crossroads of a major choice in life.
Zhang Changzong
Zhang said that he was a wise man, and at this moment he wondered: Although Zhang Changzong's brothers are now very favored by Empress Wu Zetian and say that they are not different in the court, the empress is old after all, she is already eighty years old, and she can still live for a few years. Now if you support Zhang Changzong, you can indeed get a promotion and salary increase, and maintain glory and wealth, but once Wu Zetian dies, the Zhang brothers will definitely be ruined and ruined because of the loss of their backers, and they will still have to die and catch the two of them, and it is estimated that the future will be worrying. On the contrary, helping Wei Yuanzhong now may suffer from sin at present, but this is also a rare opportunity for his own performance. Through this falsification, he can show his absolute loyalty to the Li Tang Dynasty, and at the same time, he can also completely draw a line with the Erzhang brothers.
The stakes are high in this confrontation in court. If Wei Yuanzhong was convicted of treason, not only would he be executed himself, but even Li Xian might lose his position as crown prince. Therefore, Li Xian' brothers Li Dan, as well as other important ministers, were waiting outside the palace gate early.
Seeing that Zhang was talking about coming outside the palace, Song Jing, a member of the Fengge Pavilion, Zhang Tingjue, the attendant of the palace, and Liu Zhiji, zuo shi, took the lead in stopping Zhang Shuo.
Song Jing first told Zhang that "the eldest husband keeps the way of death and kindness."
This means that for a scholar, honor and justice are the most important, and we must not do anything to insult our reputation for the sake of the fame and fortune in front of us. Even if sin is gained by it, it is glorious.
Then Zhang Tingjue borrowed the words of Confucius: "When you hear the Tao, you can die at night."
Literally, it means: know the way of benevolence in the morning, even if you die at night, you have no regrets.
Finally, Liu Zhiji said: "There is no history of pollution, and it is tired for future generations."
The meaning is clear. That is, you are responsible for what you say, and do not tarnish the innocence of history, so as not to harm future generations.
Yao Chong and Song Jing
The words of these three people are very interesting, Song Jing and Zhang Tingjue are using words to motivate Zhang to say, hoping that he can adhere to the principle and not collude with the erzhang brothers. Liu Zhiji's words are a naked threat, that is, if you dare to talk nonsense, I will record your ugly deeds in the history books and let your children and grandchildren be humiliated because of you. The words of the three of them strengthened Zhang Shuo's determination to support Wei Yuanzhong.
When Wu Zetian asked Zhang about whether he had heard Wei Yuanzhong's rebellious remarks. Zhang claimed that he had been coerced by Zhang Changzong to commit perjury. When Zhang Changzong saw Zhang and said that he was temporarily anti-water, he said angrily:
"Zhang said that he was also an accomplice of Wei Yuanzhong."
Wu Zetian asked the reason, and Zhang Changzong said:
"Yi Yin exiled the monarch Taijia, the Duke of Zhou became the regent of the king, and Zhang said that Wei Yuanzhong was a contemporary Yi Zhou, not a rebellion?"
Zhang said that after hearing about it, he took the live stubble and said:
"The Zhang family really does not read, Yi Zhou is an ancient sage, highly respected by the world, His Majesty appointed the prime minister, do not let them learn Yi Zhou, then who should be learned?" I knew that I would benefit from going along with Zhang Changzong, but in that case, Wei Yuanzhong would have died too unjustly, so I did not dare to frame Zhongliang, and asked His Majesty to look into it. ”
Wu Zetian was an understanding person, and when he saw Zhang, he said that he had a firm stance, calm and passionate speech, and basically understood what was going on. In order to alleviate the embarrassment of the Zhang brothers, she immediately gave Zhang a character appraisal: zhang said that he was a repetitive villain. He also ordered Youji to take Zhang Shuo down and put him in prison. However, from beginning to end, Zhang did not let up, and in a fit of anger, Wu Zetian exiled him to Qinzhou in Lingnan for the crime of "committing the crime of intent".
Zhang Changzong
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="04" data-track="4" > seen again</h1>
In the first year of Shenlong (705), Zhang Kamzhi and many other ministers launched a palace coup, Wu Zetian was forced to abdicate, and the two Zhang brothers were also killed in the imperial palace. Emperor Zhongzong successfully restored the throne and began to restore the old system of Li Tang. Zhang, who had been exiled for two years, said that this was only recalled to the central government. He served as a soldier and was later promoted to a soldier.com.
In the first year of Jingyun (710), Li Dan succeeded to the throne, and Zhang Shu was appointed Zhongshu Shilang (中書侍郎), the governor of Yongzhou. At this point, Zhang said that he officially entered the ranks of prime ministers. In August of the same year, Emperor Zhongzong's eldest son, Li Chongfu, plotted a rebellion in Luoyang, which was quickly suppressed by local officials, but the case involved a large number of people, and the local government could not decide the case for a long time. When the report reached the central authorities, Tang Ruizong sent Zhang Zhi to Luoyang to be specifically responsible. After Zhang said that he had successfully completed his mission and returned to Chang'an, Li Dan arranged for him to be the attendant teacher of the crown prince Li Longji.
In the second year of Jingyun (711), Zhang Shu was awarded the title of Tongzhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi .jpg At this time, there were two main political forces in the court, the leader of one side was Princess Taiping, and the leader of the other side was The Crown Prince Li Longji. For the sake of supreme power, the two men dismantled each other and fought endlessly. In order to overthrow Li Longji, Princess Taiping constantly sent warlocks into the palace to stir up the relationship between the emperor and the crown prince. One day, Emperor Ruizong said to the ministers
"Those who have a magician say that within five days there will be urgent soldiers entering the palace, and the secretary of state will prepare for it."
This means that within five days, someone will bring troops into the palace to cause trouble, and you should prepare for it. This clearly implies that Li Longji will seize power. The minister heard the emperor say this, you look at me, I look at you, look at each other. Zhang said:
"This is a slanderous design that intends to shake the Ear of the Eastern Palace. If His Majesty makes the crown prince oversee the country, the monarch and the subject will be divided, and naturally the road will be cut off, and disasters will not occur. ”
It probably means that this is a villain who wants to split your father-son relationship, and if Your Majesty let the prince establish a regency to show the world that your father-son relationship is harmonious and harmonious, there will be no disaster. Therefore, Li Dan adopted this suggestion and let the prince supervise the country on the same day, and Zhang said that this was an open struggle for power for the prince.
Zhang said
In the first year of the first century (712), Li Dan, who was really tired of the emperor's throne, finally made a difficult decision, he simply gave up the throne and directly let his son take over. Although Li Longji successfully took over the throne from his father, his aunt Princess Taiping's power was still huge, known as "seven prime ministers and five out of his door", at this time Zhang said that because he refused to rely on Princess Taiping, he had long been expelled from the imperial court to stay in the eastern capital. Although he was in Luoyang, Zhang Shuo's heart had never left Chang'an, and seeing that the situation was critical, he sent an emissary to Chang'an and brought a knife to Li Longji. Li Longji immediately understood Teacher Zhang's intentions, so he decisively intervened to completely eliminate the taiping princess forces.
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="05" data-track="4" >-out-of-play</h1>
In the first year of the new century (713), after Emperor Xuanzong of Tang gave death to his aunt Princess Taiping, he officially worshiped Zhang as Zhongshu Ling. He was knighted as the Duke of Yan. At this time, Zhang said that it was the chief prime minister, which can really be described as "one person under ten thousand people" . However, the position of chief chancellor was still hot, and he saw that Emperor Xuanzong intended to promote Yao Chong to be prime minister. Zhang said that he and Yao Chong's relationship was not good, and he also knew that Yao Chong's qualifications, prestige, and talent were far above him, and all he had to do now was to try to stop Yao Chongxiang. Soon he came up with an idea, he asked Jiang Jiao to advise the emperor and appoint Yao Chong as the governor of Hedong, so that Yao Chong could no longer be the prime minister, but Xuanzong was very clever, and as soon as he heard his confidant Jiang Jiao give him such a suggestion, he immediately became angry:
"Jiang Jiao, Jiang Jiao, you tell me who made you say this, is it Zhang said it?"
Jiang Jiao was stupid when he heard it, and said in his heart that the emperor was really aware of everything, and even the commanders behind the scenes had pointed it out, and there was no way, so he had to tell the truth. Not long after, Emperor Xuanzong appointed Yao Chong as bingbu shangshu and tongzhongshu menxia pingzhangshi.
Tongzhou Assassin Shi Yao Chong followed the emperor back to Chang'an, and soon after assuming the post of chancellor, he knew the small actions that Zhang Said had done to himself. To this end, Yao Chong decided to rectify Zhang said. Since Yao Chong's arrival in Chang'an, Zhang said that he had been trembling and restless all day, and he knew very well that Yao Chong's was the prime minister of the two dynasties, rich in political experience, and resourceful, and he was afraid that he was not his opponent. This man was prone to mistakes as soon as he was nervous, and Zhang said that he had secretly visited Xuanzong's younger brother Li Fan the Prince of Qi, hoping that the King of Qi would help him.
You must know that courtiers privately meet with the princes of the clan room, which has been the emperor's taboo since ancient times. Where Yao Chong was willing to let go of this thousand-year opportunity, a piece of paper went up, Zhang said that he was demoted to the local place and did the Xiangzhou Assassination History. And Yao Chong, on the other hand, was transformed into Zhongshu Ling, which was the real chief prime minister.
Zhang, who lost his phase, said that for a long time he was depressed and mentally weak, but he did not become depressed forever. Zhang said that he was a person who was keen on fame, and he understood that instead of self-exile, it was better to actively fight for it, he Yao Chong, no matter how cattle, could not be the prime minister forever, after all, he was 15 years younger than Yao Chong, and he came to Japan for a long time. The only thing he has to do now is to follow the steps and do his job well, as for Yao Chong, who is more than 60 years old, it is up to time to deal with him.
Of course, Zhang said that he also knew that if he still wanted to re-ascend to the stage, he must not do nothing and sit and wait for the time. Instead, it is necessary to actively prepare and open up the joints. Over the years, he thought about it and felt that there were not many people who could really help him, and the new prime minister, Su Yong, counted one. The emperor's favorite vassal, Wang Mao Zhong, counted one.
Zhang said
In the fourth year of the new century (716), Yao Chong left the post of chancellor. Seeing that the old rival was no longer the prime minister, Zhang Said's mind was alive. He knew very well in his heart that as long as Yao Chong stayed in the position of prime minister for one day, he would never be able to ascend to the altar to worship him. However, now that Yao Chong is no longer the prime minister, then my opportunity has come. Of course, Zhang said that he does not have such great political ambitions now, and he wants to ascend to the heavens and directly become the prime minister. Although Yao Chong was no longer prime minister, Emperor Xuanzong immediately promoted two new prime ministers, Song Jing and Su Yong.
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="06" data-track="4" > helped by nobles</h1>
Song Jing was upright and selfless. He didn't even give his cousin Song Yuanchao the face. To expect to go his way is a pipe dream. Is it possible for the new prime minister, Su Yong, to help himself? Zhang said he thought it was possible. Why? First of all, Zhang said that he and Su Zhen's father, Su Zhen, were old friends. Of course, even so, considering the real identity, Zhang said that he would not be stupid enough to rely on the old and sell the old with this layer of relationship, and directly ask Su Yong for help. The key is how to impress Su Yong himself. Whether you can achieve the goal through money diplomacy is certainly not possible, because Su Hao is from the famous and prestigious Wugong Su clan, the son of the prime minister, and I have just been promoted to the prime minister, as far as your two small money is concerned, people do not pay attention to it at all.
However, Zhang said that he was a wise man, and he knew how to deal with Su Hao, who was both a literary talent and a high-ranking official. No, it just so happened that Su Zhen's death day was approaching this year. Zhang said that he would write a mourning poem in advance and send someone to Chang'an. And specially explain to his subordinates, this poem should be delivered on the day of death, whether it is sooner or later.
Sure enough, on the day of the death, the Su Mansion was full of high-ranking friends, and almost all the people with heads and faces in the capital had arrived, after all, the people were now the new prime minister, who did not come to stutter. Wait until twilight and when the sun is about to set. Zhang Said's emissary arrived, and then presented the poem upwards, saying: "This is a mourning poem specially written by the lord of my family, Gong Zhang, to his friend Su Laoxianggong." Su Yong was also very touched to hear the words, which is called "sending goose feathers for thousands of miles, and the gift is light and affectionate.".
When the mourning poem was opened, Su Yong was simply stunned by Zhang's poem. The Five Songs of the Five Lords and the Five Songs of Su Xu Gonghuan is written in this way.
Xu Gongxin Guozhen, Kemei has a sense of affection.
Pepsi Capital Dynasty, three chapters of Guangshi Cheng.
There is no high heart, and the festival is in its own name.
Zhu Hu chuan new halberd, green pine arch old sword.
Desolate Chancellor's Mansion, Yu Qing is in Xuancheng.
The subtlety of this poem lies in the last sentence: Desolate Xiang Xiang Mansion, Yu Qing is in Xuancheng. Zhang said that this was to compare Su Gui Su Yue to the Han Dynasty Wei Xian (Western Han Xuan Emperor Xiang Xiang) and Wei Xuancheng (Western Han Yuan Emperor Xiang Xiang) Zai Xiang father and son. Wei Xuancheng Shouzheng was not as serious as his father, but wen resigned from his father. Moreover, this analogy is very suitable for the situation of the Father and Son of the Su family, because Su Yanna is also a literary leader with the same name as Zhang Shuo. To say that Zhang said that this horse ass really hit the point.
Tang Xuanzong
Zhang said that the mourning poem was displayed at this time, it was really a very appropriate scene, after Su Yue read the poem, remembering his dead father, it was a sobbing and drooling. The poems that the guests said to Zhang were also full of praise. The next day, Su Yue made a speech to Xuanzong, saying that Zhang said that talents were rare and needed to be relocated, because many officials were present on the first day and knew the inside story, so they also helped Su Hao to say good things. As a result, Zhang said that he was appointed as the governor of Jingzhou. At this point, Zhang said that he had achieved a stage victory, but he wanted far more than that. Soon, Zhang said that he had been reappointed as the general of Right Yulin and the governor of Youzhou.
At this time, Wang Maozhong came in handy. The Goryeo king Mao Zhong was not simple, he was a slave who had followed Xuanzong since childhood. Although he was a slave, he was a clever man, able to speak the Tao, good at riding and shooting, brave and loyal, and particularly good at understanding the intentions of his superiors, and in the two coups launched by Li Longji, Wang Maozhong had made great achievements, so Xuanzong especially liked him and always regarded him as a favorite of his confidants.
Wang Maozhong was born as a slave, naturally did not know anything about poetry and songs, but he was particularly concerned about money, so Zhang Said threw himself into his favor and often sent people to send him money, and from then on, Wang Maozhong mentioned Zhang Shu in front of Xuanzong from time to time. Everyone may say that Xuanzong is the emperor, and Wang Maozhong is not the prime minister, can his words have so much weight? If you understand it in this way, it will be too contemptuous of Wang Maozhong. Although Wang Maozhong's status was not high, he could freely enter and leave the court without hindrance. He often mentioned Zhang in front of the emperor and said good words for Zhang, and the biggest advantage of doing so was to deepen Xuanzong's good impression of Zhang, and if there was any suitable position in the imperial court in the future, the emperor could think of him Zhang said, which is very familiar with the advertising of some enterprise products in tv stations now.
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="07" data-track="4" > a meritorious career</h1>
In the seventh year of the new century (719), Zhang Shu, who was the governor of Youzhou, came to Chang'an to pay homage to Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. In fact, this is just a routine meeting between the monarch and the courtier, and by the way, he will talk to the emperor Lala about work, and that's it. But Zhang said that he had other ideas, and he knew very well: as a foreign official, it was not easy to meet the emperor once. So he was ingenious, dressed in a military uniform, and went to see the emperor. Emperor Xuanzong was originally a very heroic emperor, and he was overjoyed to see Zhang say that he was so majestic and mighty. In the same year, Zhang Shu was appointed as the governor of the prefecture, Shi and the ambassador of the Tianbing Army, acting as the imperial master.
It was the land of Longxing of the Li and Tang dynasties, and it was also the forefront of preventing and controlling the armed invasion of ethnic minorities in the north, so its position was very special and important. The following year, Shuofang's ambassador Wang Hui (王晙) killed more than a thousand other people, including the Turkic descendant Abs, causing fear among the Tongluo, Batuogu, and other tribes in the prefecture. At this time, the people of the Tongluo, Batuogu and other tribes wondered whether the wang huan's murder incident was an individual act or a policy behavior of the Tang Dynasty. Because of the lack of clarity, everyone is worried and worried.
Zhang said
Zhang said that as the governor of the prefecture, Shi, it was naturally his duty to appease these tribes. He understood that in this special period, any verbal appeasement would seem pale and powerless, and that the most urgent thing, the most important thing, was to gain the trust of these rioting tribesmen, and to this end he took a dangerous step. After Li Xian, the deputy envoy, sat in the base camp, Zhang said that he had only brought twenty of his relatives with him, and he rushed to the tents of these tribes. Eating, living and working with the people of the Tongluo and Batuogu tribes is really a practice that can be described as pushing the heart and the mind is unique. As soon as these tribes saw that Lord Zhang was so frank, they were also at ease. Zhang said that with his great courage, he successfully avoided an outbreak of turmoil.
In the ninth year of the new century (721), the Turkic general Kang Zhibin rebelled, and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang ordered Wang Xi to lead an army to fight, and Zhang said that he immediately led 10,000 reinforcements. Kang Waitbin secretly instigated the party members to respond to his own attack on the city. When they saw that the imperial court army was unstoppable, the party members regretted it, so they counterattacked and joined hands with the imperial court army to break the rebel army. After the rebellion was put down, the deputy envoy Shi Xian believed that the party items were capricious and should be killed, and Zhang asked the imperial court to set up a state to settle the party members. In the same year, Zhang Shubai became the Bingbu Shangshu and tongzhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi, becoming the third chancellor on a par with Zhang Jiazhen and Yuan Qianyao.
Zhang said what he did after becoming the chief prime minister, and how his life ended, see you in the next article!
bibliography:
1 Old Book of Tang – Liu Xun
2 New Book of Tang - Ouyang Xiu
3 "Tang Hui Want" - Su Mian
4 "Zizhi Tongjian" - Sima Guang
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