IV. The "Deng Sect" Pioneered by Deng Shiru
The founder of the Deng sect, Deng Shiru (1743-1805), initially named Yan, the character Shiru, avoided the Jiaqing Emperor's secret, so he used the character line, and later changed the word stubbornly, because he lived under the Anhui Gongshan Mountain, and was also called baishan people, fengshui fishermen, longshan tree chiefs, and so on. Anhui Huaining people. After eight years of tasting the Jinling Meijia family, he copied the golden stone rare books since the Qin and Han Dynasties, and the Four-Body Book, especially the Seal Book, was called by Cao Wenzhi as the first person in the Qing Dynasty of the Four-Body Book. The seal carving is printed with a small seal, emphasizing the penmanship, the style is strong and graceful, the knife technique is vigorous and simple, and it is known as the "Anhui School" or "Deng School". There are "Finished Baishan People Seal Carved Occasionally", "Finished White Mountain People Seal Spectrum", "Deng Shiru Seal" and so on.
Deng Shiru carved the first master He Zhen and Su Xuan, and then pursued Cheng Yi, Gao Shixian's "Seal of Wu Rang" saying: "After Bai Chengmu Qian's broken pole, he devoted himself to Si Bing, and came out with his majesty." (See "Wu Rang's Seal Cun", Xiling Printing Society, 1998) Deng Shiru was the most powerful in calligraphy of the Stele School, and he once said to himself: "Yu Chu took Shaowen (Li Yangbing) as his return, and for a long time he judged his illness, so he took the "Guoshan Stone Carving", "Tianfa Shenwen" and "Sangong Mountain Stele" as his qi, "Kaimu Shique" to its simplicity, "Zhifu" twenty-eight characters ended its god, "Stone Drum Text" to smooth its cause, Yi Ding's knowledge to do its best, the Han people's stele to Bo Qi, the Qin and Han Dynasties when the stele was broken, and did not know how to investigate, closed for several years, did not dare to be also. (Zhou Mengzhuang,"Deng Shiru Chronicles", see Wenbo Newsletter, No. 2, 1982) Deng Shi used small seals and inscriptions in seal carvings, broadening the scope of seal carvings and exploring the road of "printing from books". This creative mode fully activates the expressive space of seal carving, makes the seal carving art show more humanistic color, and provides a broader world for the broadening of personal style. After Deng Shiru, the printing altar was unprecedentedly prosperous, and everyone came out one after another, which was inseparable from the creative model he created, such as Wu Rangzhi, Zhao Zhiqian, Wu Zhi, Xu Sangeng, Wu Changshuo, and so on.
Deng Shiru is still quite confident in his seal carving, and in the side section of "randomly inserting branches to Qinghao", he calls himself "Gu Huanzi Imitation Seal, Gang Jian Wanna". Deng Shiru's seal carving, which is not unconventional, can fully and boldly use my method, "the book is printed in, printed from the book out", and successfully realized a transformation of the formal language of seal carving. Deng Shi is like a lianjie, traveling all over the famous mountains and rivers, and self-sufficient with book carvings. His good friend, Yao Nai, an essayist of the Tongcheng School, once wrote him a couplet: "Eight or nine huts, fishing for rain and cultivating tobacco, it is better to believe that the rich are not as rich as the poor and not as cheap; the bamboo book is thousands of words, the flowers are brewed, and the benefits are safe and leisurely." "Do not seek riches, but be peaceful." Fishing rain and cultivating tobacco, irrigating flowers and brewing life, washing away the vulgar powder, but infiltrating out is the temperament of the books in the subset of history. In the world of life, it is so difficult to live a life and be able to "do whatever you want without overstepping the rules", and Deng Shiru has done it.
The "Deng Sect" is popular, and the teachers are like a stream. Although Deng Shiru's seal carving creation is not rich and does not leave a long seal, the creative concept of "printing from the book" that he opened up has provided a huge space for the innovation of later Generations of Indians. Although the descendants of the "Deng Sect" are not relatively concentrated in geography like the Zhejiang Sect, the lineup is also very strong, and Wu Rangzhi, Xu Sangeng, Wu Zhi, Zhao Mu, etc. are all masters. Among them, the most accomplished and influential is Wu Rangzhi.
Wu Rangzhi (1799-1870), formerly known as Ting Biao (廷飏), the character Xi Zai, with the character line, because of the avoidance of the Qing Dynasty Mu Zong Zai Chun, more character Rang (攘), alias Rang Weng, late scholar, late student, Fang Zhu Zhangren, Jiangsu Yizheng people. Wu Rangzhi was a disciple of Bao Shichen. Good at calligraphy and painting, especially fine seal carving. When he was young, he copied the Qin and Han seals, and at the age of 30, he "first saw the seal of the Baishan people, abandoned his learning and learned it", directly took the Fa Deng Shiru and obtained its essence, and synthesized his own knowledge, developed and improved the "Deng School" seal carving art, which has a pivotal position in the history of Ming and Qing dynasty seal carving. In real life, Wu Rang was born poor, Xianfeng three years (1853), in order to avoid war, exiled to Taizhou, although he received the sympathy and care of old friends and new knowledge, but the sadness is still revealed in the poems from time to time. In the "Qiulin Shisitu", it is inscribed: "The maple leaves of Wuhuan Dan are gradually withering, and DuLingpeng feels Xiao Xiao." Xi Nang harvested the autumn light, and talked with the west wind to break the silence. "Nowadays, people pay more attention to their artistic success, but they pay less attention to the loneliness of their lives, and this alone increases the loneliness of the ancients."
Wu Rangzhi elaborated in the "Self-Evaluation Seal Inscription": "If there is no novelty, strangeness is not moderate, and it is difficult to list and so on. ”
Wu Rangzhi to Deng Shiru is not a simple repetition, and its new origin, as Mr. Han Tianheng commented: First of all, it is manifested in the matching seal, he deeply grasps the wonderful principle of unfolding and interspersing, seeking its closeness, expanding to seek its grace, interspersing it to echo, so that a print of multiple words, Gu Pansheng posture, and natural success, this method is expanded and enlarged by Wu Changshuo later. The second is manifested in the technique of using the knife... The knife is made of three sides - the sharp angle, the blade, and the back of the knife. Use the sharp corners to seek its firmness, use the blade to seek its recklessness, and use the back of the knife to gently carve the stone to seek its dissolution. Therefore, he exquisitely and casually uses a knife to give the engraved dot paintings a rich connotation and tireless vitality, like "house leak marks", such as "folding strands". Therefore, emperor Deng of the Later Dynasty probably took Wu as his teacher. (Han Tianheng and Zhang Weiyu, "History of Innovation in Chinese Seal Engraving Genres", p. 57)
Wu Rangzhi made the Deng Pai seal style more mature, and Wu Changshuo commented: "Let Weng Pingsheng solidly obey the white, and yu Qin and Han seals are extremely deeply discussed, so the sword method is rounded, and there is no fiber Man qi." Meteorological sturdy, qualitative but not stagnant. Yu Yu Yuren: After learning bai, it is better to take the path of Rang Weng. Huang Binhong, a master of modern calligraphy and painting, called Wu Rangzhi a "fickle", and after deng Shiru of general mechanics, he used his own fickleness to carry forward the new realm of Deng Shiru's "printing from the book, and the book from the printing", and his works have the potential to stretch and flow in the condensation of vigor, and the knife is like a pen, showing the meaning of calligraphy. In his later years, he printed calligraphy, layout, knife, and style from the machine, especially the sword without falling ink, and the higher the realm.
In addition, Wu Rangzhi's Yuan Zhu Wenyin is more smooth and rounded than Deng Shiru,, and many of his prints take vertical and long glyphs, which are no longer square glyphs in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, creating a new face of the Yuan Zhu Wenyin. Wu Rang was born to rule the Seal of All Directions, and his reputation was outstanding, which had a great influence on the famous calligraphers such as Zhao Zhiqian and Xu Sangeng of the contemporaries, and Wu Changshuo in modern times. Just as Xiling Ding supplemented by Zhao Zhiqian's pen meaning poetry praise day: "Yuanzhu entered the seal of the first Zhao Song, Huaining Buyi people teacher." A lamp does not extinguish the fire, relying on Yangzhou Wu Rangzhi. ”
Wu Rangzhi Zhu Wen "Escape Zen Boiling Stone Between"
The top of this print is damaged by a corner, and the edges are incomplete. The most conspicuous is the large blank space under the word "stone", and the word "Zen" and the word "zhi" are arced. This print is lightly cut with a knife, and the strokes are long, with a sense of ethereality like the wind of the Wu belt. Wu Rangzhi's seal is like a pen, straightforward and elegant, square in the middle of the circle, rigid and soft. Its body is strong, stretched and colorful, and shows the euphemistic and smooth style of its own seal book. Let Weng engrave the seal, technically quite a feeling of Ding Ding to solve the cattle, which is created on the basis of inheriting Deng Shiru, especially the relaxed and light charm, straight to the divine realm of the unity of books and seals. Wu Changshuo praised: "The ancient charm of the wind is incomparable, covered with keeping without mud, and can be self-indulgent without exceeding its moments." ”
Deng Shiru Zhu Wen "Yi and Ancient Meeting"
This seal was carved by Deng Shiru when he was nearly forty years old for the famous Painter Bi Mengxiong of the Qing Dynasty, and the five-sided long section records the reason for this seal. When Bi saw Deng Rushi's seal carving in Yangzhou, he was deeply impressed, and his request to Deng Rushi was rejected. And Deng Rushi dengjiao mountain view of the "Crane Ming" stone carving, want to find the original and can not. After Bi Zhizhi gave it to the old Tuoxiang in his family's collection, Deng Rushi got what he wanted and engraved this seal in return. After the Bi Deyin, he repeatedly played with it, loved it, and wrote a special inscription, asking Deng Rushi to carve it on the top of the printing stone, saying that this seal was "Lei HuiXuan, Gu Ao Hun Mang, Zi Chao Zhou Ding, Bei Xiao Yu Wang, Qin Yu Han Qi, Wu And Jie Jaw, up and down the ages, and good at it.". Five-sided side sections, seals, subordinates, lines, and cursive styles are prepared to record the next paragraph of the seal altar. (Zhang Yijun, "100 Cases of Qing Dynasty Genre Printing Appreciation", 32 pages)
This seal has completely got rid of the Huipai's astringent knife, and the knife is like a walking pen. The four characters of "Yi and Guhui" are almost all symmetrical glyphs left and right, of which the three character strokes are complex, but the "ancient" character strokes are few, occupying the smallest area on the printing surface, but visually the internal space of the "ancient" character is extremely sparse. This seal embodies the concept of "printing with a book" in the four characters, and then prints the text, plus the knife used in this seal is mainly used to cut, which strengthens the tension of the lines, and the overall beauty gives people a gentle and smooth, graceful and colorful beauty.
Deng Shiru Zhu Wen "The river has a sound and breaks the shore for a thousand feet"
This seal was also carved by Deng Shiru for Bi Mengxiong, which was collected by Ge Changyao of Pinghu Lake, donated to xiling printing society in 1962, and is now in the Hangzhou Museum of Printing. The sentence "The river has a sound, the broken shore is a thousand feet" from Su Shi's "Hou Chibi Fu", which is one of Deng Shiru's representative works. The side section records the origin of Deng Shiru's engraving of this seal, Deng Shiru even ordered the bookboy to put this stone on the stove to bake, and the stone pattern appeared in the picture of Chibi, "If you see Mr. Su Hair in the vast smoke and water", so he carved Su Dongpo's famous sentence on the printing surface.
The biggest feature of this seal is that in the dense treatment of the chapter, the left line is one dense and three dense, and the right line is dense and three dense, and it echoes diagonally, making the sparser and the denser more dense, which is impressive. Deng Shiru once put forward the aesthetic concept of "loose places can be sloppy, and secret places cannot be ventilated", which can be said to have brought this concept to the extreme. The words "flow" and "break" are written to increase their density, and the word "river" echoes the three words of "shore thousand feet", which is extremely sparse. His knife is different from the Anhui school and the Zhejiang school, but makes the knife like a pen, like a smooth turn, carving out the style of Gang Jian Wanna.
Wu Rangzhi Baiwen "Two Golden Butterfly Hall"
This seal was engraved by Wu Rangzhi for Zhao Zhiqian and is now in the Shanghai Museum. The two late Qing Dynasty seal engravers have never met in their lives, and Zhao Zhiqian once said on the side of the engraving of the "Huijian Zhao Zhiqian Character Shu Shu Seal": "Rest in peace, but it is thick, and those who are close to each other can do this, Yangzhou Wu Xizai is just one person." In the second year of Tongzhi, Wei Xi visited Wu Xizai in Taizhou, brought Zhao Zhiqian's seal, asked Wu to inscribe the order, and brought two seal stones to ask Wu to carve "Zhao Zhiqian" and "Erjin Butterfly Hall". After reading Zhao Zhiqian's seal, Wu Xizai wrote a preface: "Uncle Zhao Jun, who avoided the thief Minhai from zhejiang, introduced his friend Sun Weijun to come to Jiangsu and visited Taizhou, and saw the two volumes of the engraved manuscript, which contained a self-engraved name seal, and the inscription on his side said: 'The only person who can do this today is Wu Xizai in Yangzhou.' 'Seeing this, I am ashamed that there is no reward for knowing, and I would like to mark both sides of the correction. Gaimu is dizzy, not doing this for a long time, not enough to look at it also. When Wu Rangzhi carved this square seal, he should have seen Zhao Zhiqian's self-engraved "Erjin Butterfly Hall" seal. (Zhang Yijun, "100 Cases of Qing Dynasty Genre Printing Appreciation", 132 pages)
Therefore, the chapter law and the seal law are absolutely different from those carved by Zhao Zhiqian. The word "two" is on the upper side, the knot is extremely tight, and the words are retracted and placed, and the combination makes the red blocks penetrate each other, and the breath is vivid. With the knife, the knife is punched and lightly cut, so that the rotation is smooth, the sharp edge is as new, and the lines formed by the high knife handling technique are full of pen and ink, which is both three-dimensional and full of rhythm.
Deng Shiru has five seals of "Lei Lun, Zi You, Gu Huan, Yan Yi Tang, shou Su Xuan"
The five-sided seals on this side are the two square white seals of "Thunder Wheel" and "Ziyu" and the three-sided rectangular Zhu Wenyin of "Gu Huan", "YanYitang" and "Shou Suxuan", and on the other side there is Bao Shichen's side paragraph: "After this baishan people are engraved in middle age, the mountain people taste words, and the engraving of white characters is han, and Zhu Wen must use Song." However, when he saw that there were many seals of Dongpo, Haiyue, and Oubo, He had such a thick detachment, and he shrank the "Yishan Mountain" and "Three Graves" to make it strange and unconscious, and those who knew it should be as precious as Qin Quan Han Buye. This seal was obtained by Zhang Lu'an for 500 silver dollars during the Republic of China, and later donated to the Xiling Printing Society, which is now in the Hangzhou Printing Museum.
Deng Shiru is first and foremost a seal calligrapher, reflected in the seal carving, and his seal characters are extremely penmanship, and the word "Zi you" is printed in white with a small seal. The three-party Zhu Wenyin is the embodiment of the Deng's small seal with distinct personality in the seal, like the exaggerated arc of the "ancient" character, the horizontal line of the "Huan" character and the stacking of the "YanyiTang", all of which use the decorative curves in Li Yangbing's "Three Graves", which is quite creative.
Wu Rangzhi Zhu Wen "Painting Plum Beggar Rice"
This seal was engraved by Wu Rangzhi for the famous Yangzhou calligrapher and painter Wang Zheng, and Wu Xizai engraved more than 50 parties for Wang Zheng, which shows that the relationship between the two is extraordinary. This seal is a fine seal carving of Wu Rangzhi, who commented on himself in the side section: "The stone is very inferior, the carving is very good, Yan Weng Begmi paints plum blossoms, and the knife Fa Wen shi has not been solved, let alone others." Mr. Dongfang can praise himself, and the viewer will be in a crowd. On the other side, there is An inscription by Wang Zheng: "At this moment, it is also the work of Mr. Sixty," and his self-praise is so, which can be known from the beginning." ”
There is no "begging" word in the "Explanation of Words", and here it is borrowed from the word "qi" of the small seal. Wu Rangzhi is famous for his seal books, and his seal book dot paintings are stretched and flowing, and his writing is steady and smooth. Although it is not as simple as Deng Shiru, it is more flexible and elegant, quite feminine and elegant. The character "Qi" is composed of a set of folded curves, and the three strokes are extremely flexed and coiled, especially the last stroke is connected to the wood side of the "Plum" character. The word "painting" is minimalist and corresponds diagonally to the word "meter". Although the Indian text contains a sense of self-deprecation, it also highlights the high-mindedness of the literati painter who promises to paint himself.
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