Manifestations of language disorders in children with autism
01
Speech impairment
A person's language development includes the acquisition of phonetics, semantics, grammar, and pragmatics. Clinically, about 87.1% of children with autism have the primary symptom of language disorders, and in many ways, language disorders are the most restricted part of autism. Speech disorders mainly include speech development disorders, dysarthria and intonation disorders. The innate voice development of children with autism is very different from that of normal children, and children can imitate adult pronunciation at 8 to 9 months. 5 to 2 years old can use simple language to express their needs, while autistic children with obvious delay in pronunciation function and pronunciation difficulties, most of them can not express meaningful words and sentences at 2 to 3 years old, some children lack pronunciation function for life, even if there is a pronunciation function of children, it is difficult to start or maintain a conversation.
The main manifestation of dysarthria is the expression of unclear bites, mainly including: omitted tones, substitution tones, distorted tones and extra sounds. Relevant studies have found that there is no obvious difference in the development of speech expression between children with autism and ordinary children, but due to the congenital difficulty of pronunciation in children with autism, they cannot spit out words clearly during expression, and they cannot recognize the emotional signals and central ideas expressed, resulting in poor communication. Children with autism and normal children have very different pronunciation tones, with often incorrect accents, single, flat, undulating tones, and sometimes loud screams. The study found that this may be due to significant differences in prosody perception and expression in autistic children compared to normal children.
02
Semantic disorders
Semantic disorders are semantic comprehension disorders, the language comprehension ability of children with autism develops more slowly, and the backwardness of language development is the most common feature, which is also the primary reason why parents of children with autism seek help. Although children with autism have better vocabulary memory, they have poorer ability to understand, abstract, reason, classify and synthesize language. Children with autism are unaware of objects they have seen after they have changed their place and form; for the words they have heard, they may produce echo language, one is an immediac echo language, the other is a delayed echo language. Immediac echo language is a child with autism who mechanically repeats all or part of the words just heard; delayed echo language means that the child with autism does not immediately repeat the words just spoken, but repeats some words that have been heard in the past. Studies have found that some children with autism are characterized by learning disabilities, which may be related to language comprehension disorders in children with autism.
03
Grammar barriers
Grammatical barriers mainly involve pronoun use disorders and avoidance, grammatical structure understanding and use disorders. The use of pronoun confusion refers to the confusion in the use of pronouns such as "you", "I", "he" and other pronouns, which indicates that autistic children have difficulties in changing roles when communicating, and also reflects that autistic children have problems in the process of conceptualizing themselves and others. The use of pronoun avoidance refers to the phenomenon in which children with autism deliberately avoid the use of personal pronouns when communicating. The phenomenon of confusion and avoidance in the use of personal pronouns causes the communication object to accurately understand the content expressed by the autistic child, which further aggravates the communication barrier of the autistic child.
Studies have shown that for those autistic children with language expression ability, the signs of grammatical structure understanding and application disorders are prominent, autistic children's understanding of sentence structure is not perfect and poor mastery, resulting in their performance in the process of grammar application is not ideal, there may be improper application of subject-verb-object collocation, tone words and connecting words and other application difficulties, can only speak simple sentences, grammar application rigidity and poor transformation ability and many other problems, hindering the development of their own language.
04
Pragmatic disorders
A very important disadvantage of children with autism is the communication barrier, that is, the language use disorder. Embodied in communication with others without or less responsive, lack of eye contact with others; Communication is only a mechanical transmission of factual information, rarely with emotional overtones; Poor ability to initiate or sustain a topic; Talk to yourself a lot, and even sometimes unusual language, such as imitation language and the use of weird language; Children with autism are also unable to accurately express their basic life needs, disease pain, learning needs and emotional demands, which seriously hinders their growth and development.
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