Among the many ancient scribes and officials, he was the only prime minister in China's feudal society who did not want people to lift a car, did not drink alcohol and money, refused to be extravagant, and was the only prime minister who did not have any inheritance after death. He was of high moral character, simple and frugal, studious and prudent, deeply versed in scripture, not taking his own honor as his intention, and bowing down for the country and the people. He is Wang Anshi, who is known as one of the "Eight Greats of the Tang and Song Dynasties".
Wang Anshi (1021-1086), zi jiefu, number mid-levels. Politician, writer, thinker, and reformer of the Northern Song Dynasty in China. Wang Anshi immersed himself in the study of scriptures, wrote books and lectures, and created the "Jinggong New Learning" to promote the formation of the Song Dynasty's style of doubtful classics and ancient studies.
Philosophically, Wang Anshi used the "Five Elements Theory" to expound on the generation of the universe, enriching and developing the ancient Chinese naïve materialist thought; his philosophical proposition "New And Old Division" pushed ancient Chinese dialectics to a new height.
Politically, Wang Anshi advocated changing the law, hoping to consolidate and strengthen feudal rule by changing the situation of the Northern Song Dynasty's "poverty and weakness" and enhancing the ability to defend externally and suppress internally.
In literature, Wang Anshi has outstanding achievements. His prose is concise and concise, short and concise, clear arguments, strict logic, and strong persuasiveness, giving full play to the practical function of ancient chinese, and ranking among the "Eight Greats of the Tang and Song Dynasties"; his poems "learn du to get his thinness and hardness", are good at reasoning and rhetoric, and have become a family in the northern Song Dynasty poetry circle in the style of Feng Shen Yuanyun, known as "Wang Jing Gong Body"; his lyrics and writings are nostalgic for the ancients, the artistic conception is empty, and the image is faint and simple.
However, in calligraphy, wang Anshi, as the prime minister, has encountered a lot of controversy over the ink that exists in the world.
Wang Anshi's calligraphy is indeed very rare, and there are only two recognized authentic works in existence, one is the "Guo Congti" collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei, and the other is the volume of "The Will of the Lengyan Classic" collected by the Shanghai Museum. Judging from these two authentic works, the concept of appreciation is different, and the evaluation will be diametrically opposite. If you use the traditional art of calligraphy to appreciate the eyes, or from the world's appreciation of the preferences, it is indeed difficult to be admired and loved.
"Passing the Post" book on paper, 26×32.1cm, collection of the National Palace Museum, Taipei.
This post can be seen that Wang Anshi's pen is calm and powerful, the pen is in place, and the center of gravity of his words generally falls on the lower right, and there is a steady momentum, which shows the qigu wind bone.
The Xuanhe Book Genealogy once said: "Jing Gong made a line of writing, and the rate was more than a light ink disease book, and he did not taste the meaning." "Yes, in the chapter law, Wang Anshi is slightly hurried and careless, and his writing is faster, but there is no trace of softness and fabrication, which is an important sign that the author's fa is ancient and new, and the whole text exudes a strong Wei and Jin scholarly atmosphere.
Northern Song Dynasty Wang An Shixing's original manuscript "The Will of the Lengyan Classic", 29.9 × 119cm on paper, Shanghai Museum collection.
The "Outline of the Lengyan Sutra" is the text of the Lengyan Jing scroll that Wang Anshi personally corrected the year before his death. Self-signed "Yu Gui Chung Shan, Dohara False Leng Yan Ben, Hand Self-Correction, Carved Temple, at the age of sixty-five."
The layout of the whole article has the trend of "oblique wind and drizzle", which seems to be careless, but in fact, the flowing charm is revealed in the front. The font is close to the letter and slightly with the intention of writing, the ink color is light and elegant, the dot painting is clear, although the lines are very close, there are few blank places, but there is no sense of chaos, from which it can be seen that Wang Anshi retired to Lin Quan's mentality.
Wang Anshi's arrangement of strokes, whether horizontal, vertical, skimming, twisting, or twisting and turning, deliberately highlights personal characteristics.
This article can be attributed to three characteristics: one is casual, the bottom of the pen naturally arises, and it is more spontaneous; the second is Qigu, with the pen and ink of the Jin and Song dynasties, with a handsome demeanor, elegant and extraordinary, and a high style; the third is original, not following the law, and it is difficult to follow it in the source of calligraphy. After all, Wang Anshi is very assertive, so his calligraphy also reveals an independent personality.
Mi Fu once said: "Wengong learns Yang Ning's style, and few people know it." Huang Tingjian commented: "Jinggong calligraphy is strange and ancient, like the pen and ink of the Jin and Song dynasties." Even Zhu Xi of the late Southern Song Dynasty and some calligraphers of the Ming and Qing dynasties had a high opinion of Wang Anshi's calligraphy. It can be seen that Wang Anshi's calligraphy is not simple, he is good at capturing the strengths of his predecessors, blending into his own will, catching the pen and sharpening, skillful and natural, in order to express his pure fire rhyme and the flow of sexual spirit.
Whether it is ancient or modern, there are those who like it, there are those who do not like it, and the least lacking is controversy, even if Wang Anshi's calligraphy is highly respected by calligraphy like Mi Fu, Huang Tingjian, Zhu Xi and even Su Shi, there are still different views of other calligraphers.
Ye Mengde once said in the "Stone Forest Yan Language": "Wang Jinggong bet on stone characters, the first horizontal one painting, the left pin, the middle is a circle." The male nature is urgent, the circle is not round, often nest plaque, and the horizontal painting is more belted. There are often those who secretly accuse the public of misconduct." This means that Wang Anshi's characters make people feel extremely ugly and slanderous, and they can actually write the word "stone" like the word "evil", which is really undeserved.
According to anecdotal rumors, when Wang Anshi signed the emperor's chapter, he wrote the word "stone" in his name as "歹", which made the emperor shocked after seeing it, thinking that Wang Anshi was going to have a bad heart and had the intention of rebellion, so he almost got killed. It can be seen that there is a reason why Wang Anshi's characters are so controversial.
How do you feel about Wang Anshi's calligraphy? Leave your insights in the comments section!
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