"卮" is one of the ancient wine holding vessels.
It first appeared in the Warring States period and flourished in the Han Dynasty, with a variety of materials, including bronze, lacquer, jade, stone, pottery and other materials. Its main features are cylindrical body, straight wall, deep abdomen, with ring-shaped ears or semi-ring ears, some with lid, some without cap.
Sima Qian's "History" of the Han Dynasty records that in 198 BC, the Weiyang Palace in Chang'an was completed, and the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang, set up wine in the Weiyang Palace, and held a large banquet to his father, which shows that the palace was a rare thing in ancient times.
White Jade Phoenix Pattern Han Dynasty Palace Museum Collection
Copper and lacquer were common in the Han Dynasty, while jade was rare. According to the "Shiji Xiangyu Benji":
"Uncle Xiang immediately entered to see the Duke of Pei, and the Duke of Pei served wine for his life."
It indicates that the jade is a drinking vessel, but unlike ordinary wine vessels, it is generally used for solemn occasions or wine banquets.
Traditional Chinese drinking utensils are mostly stalkless. The design of a single handle is rare in ancient utility instruments. And "卮" is one of the few types of drinking utensils with handles. In terms of size, it is actually more appropriate to call the handle of the cup "ear".
In the Han Dynasty, there was a practice of heating wine before drinking, so some scholars speculate that in addition to decoration, the ears may also play a certain role in heat insulation. And some cups have lids, if you store warm wine, it can also have a certain heat preservation effect.
Painted lacquered cloud phoenix pattern bottle Western Han Palace Museum collection
This bottle was excavated in Tomb No. 6 of Gaotai in Jiangling, Jingzhou, and its deformed cloud and phoenix patterns are distinctive decorative patterns on Western Han lacquerware. The bottle is cylindrical deep belly, the wall of the lacquer bottle is rolled and formed by thin wood chips, with a lid, and the lid edge is formed by thin wood chips and bonded with the lid, and there are 3 buttons on the lid, symmetrically distributed. There are 3 copper hooves at the bottom. The cover and bottom are thicker. There is a ring-shaped copper handle on the upper abdominal side. The whole body of the bottle is ochre red lacquer, and the top of the lid and the middle of the outer wall of the bottle are painted with curly cloud and phoenix patterns interspersed with each other, and vermilion string patterns are painted on top and bottom.
Although the cup and the bowl are both round vessels, but the cup is a drinking vessel, and the cup should be used to inject wine like a turn used to fill water, you can pour it or not, you can limit the amount of drinking. According to the Shuowen Bu:
"Oh, round too. One is full, so diet also. ”
That is, "卮" contains a quantitative amount, and in ancient times it was used to limit the amount of alcohol and even diet.
Han Dynasty Bronze Gilt Collection of the Palace Museum
The cups are made in a variety of materials. Common bronze stalks, jade stalks, tortoiseshell swords, lacquer of wooden carcasses, etc. Among them, the jade is a top luxury in the warring Han period, and it is a wine vessel that the royal family and nobles liked to use during the Warring Han Dynasty.
According to the records of the "Shiji, Gaozu Benji":
"Weiyang Palace Cheng, the princes and ministers of the Gaozu Dynasty, put wine in the front hall of Weiyang Palace. Emperor Gaozu was honored as Emperor Taishang. ”
Judging from the literature, "jade" often appeared in the lives of princes and nobles in the Han Dynasty.
At the end of the Warring States period, the copper frame was inlaid with jade wine, and the tomb of the Nanyue king in Guangzhou was unearthed
The "Western Han gilded copper-framed jade tomb" unearthed from the tomb of the Nanyue King of the Western Han Dynasty in Guangzhou, discovered in June 1983, is a copper-framed jade tomb known to have been seen in China so far. When excavated, it was wrapped in multiple layers of silk and was 14 cm high. It consists of a body and a cover. The whole is nine-sided cylindrical, with three beast-shaped short feet attached below.
The jade flakes are hard and blue, and the relief is linked to the grain pattern. It fully demonstrates the highly developed level of copper casting, loose lacquer, engraving and jade craftsmanship in the early and middle Western Han Dynasty, and reflects the exquisite work of the imperial style of the Han Dynasty.
Inspired by the collection "Han Dynasty Bronze Openwork Floral Pattern with Lid", Guanfu Museum designed and launched a product - "Wen Xiang Cup"
Guanfu Collection [Han openwork entwined floral pattern copper cup with lid], cylindrical, copper. The lid is slightly long, the mouth of the mother and daughter, the lid is straight along the edge, and the lid is topped with a three-bird beak-shaped button.
The cup is straight and deep-abdomen, and there is a tail stop handle on the upper part of the cup side. Flat bottom, the outer side of the bottom is decorated with a groom, and the lower part is decorated with a hollow and tangled floral pattern. The whole line is smooth and the shape is vivid, which fully reflects the unique charm of traditional culture.
The "Guanfuwen Xiangxiang Cup" absorbs the structural characteristics of the cultural relics in the collection, based on the Yaozhou kiln technique, the body is full of peony patterns with tangled branches, and the verdant glaze color is in line with the ancient charm of the original vessel.
The cover of the original vessel was moved to the bottom support, and another cover was added, and the original bird's beak-shaped button was changed to the shape of a seated and lying beast, which was filled with more vivid aura.
In addition, 3 plates of incense are included with the cup. You can smell and taste.
Therefore, one instrument is dual-use. It can be used as a cup and sipping tea; It can also add fragrance to the stove and red sleeves. This instrument is jade, innovation, the world has many new and exquisite tools, Guanfu is fortunate to be lucky!