As we all know, the Qianlong Emperor was a very proud man, and very poisonous, many scholars in history he despised, but rarely evaluated a Ming Dynasty man, calling him "a generation of perfect people", and what he said was a generation of loyal subjects Zodiac Zhou.
Cai Shiyuan, a famous scholar of the Qing Dynasty, summed up the life of Zodiac Zhou in this way: "The rigorous spirit of governance and profound learning can be compared with Shao Yong's entry, loyalty to the country can be compared with Li Gang, and generosity can be compared to Wen Tianxiang." ”
Zodiac Zhou, a famous scholar, calligrapher, painter, writer and national hero at the end of the Ming Dynasty, after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, he was loyal to the Southern Ming Dynasty, and was later captured and martyred due to the failure of the anti-Qing Dynasty, known as the "Great Man of the World". Nowadays, zodiac week has ancestral halls, schools and temples commemorating him in many places, and there is a "Minzhong Ancestral Hall" in Fuzhou, which is a temple commemorating zodiac week.
The Zodiac Zhou Tong astronomy and theory and mathematics books have successively lectured in Zhejiang Dadi, Zhangpu Mingchengtang, Zhangzhou Ziyang, Longxi Yeye and other academies, and have cultivated a large number of learned and virtuous people.
After the death of the Ming Dynasty, Zodiac Zhou served as the official attendant and rebbe Shangshu of the Southern Ming Hongguang Dynasty, and after the death of Hongguang, he returned to Fujian and went to Fuzhou. Emperor Longwu enfeoffed Wu Yingdian University as a scholar and official, and a soldier erbu Shangshu. When the Qing court issued an order to shave their hair, the people of Jiangnan asked for help from the Court of Longwu in the Southern Ming Dynasty, and Huang Daozhou returned to his hometown to raise troops.
In the first year of Longwu (1645), the Zodiac Zhou raised thousands of people, only more than ten horses, and another January grain, out of Xianxia Pass, to fight against the Qing army. In the end, due to defeat, the Zodiac Zhou was captured.
Longwu was righteous in the second year, and before his execution, he washed and changed clothes, obtained paper and ink, painted a long pine strange stone to give to people, and left a last word to his family: "Ren ren does not die, and he is in danger; there is a fall from heaven, and he will not give up his life." On the day of righteousness, his old servant wept bitterly, and Zodiac Zhou comforted him: "I died for justice, for the end of the examination. "It is a punishment of calmness." Zodiac Zhou is awe-inspiring because of the anti-Qing death festival! After his death, people found seven big characters from his clothes: "Daming Lonely Minister Zodiac Week". His protégés Cai Chunrong, Lai Jijin, Zhao Shichao and Mao Yujie were killed on the same day, and they were known as the "Four Gentlemen of the Yellow Gate".
Zodiac Zhou is not only a loyal and patriotic man, the calligraphy is also brilliant, his work is good at painting, and poetry and grass are all a family of their own, let's enjoy the loyal minister's masterpiece "Ode to Filial Piety"!
Zodiac Zhou's Ode to Filial Piety, Xiao Kai, on paper, booked in the fourteenth year of Chongzhen (1641), tianjin museum collection.
Because of the "Chongzhen Xin Wei Yuan Dong Zodiac Zhou Song and written in the White Cloud Treasury" and then "the first acquaintance on the seventh day of the first month of October", Chongzhen Xin Mi is the spring of the fourteenth year of Chongzhen (1641), at this time the Zodiac Zhou is still imprisoned.
In prison, he "always wrote the Book of Filial Piety for the sake of serving money, and all the one hundred and twenty copies of the Book of Filial Piety were taken away by the jailers and scattered." "Until the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, who was in the month of Chenyang, so this article is the work of prison."
Zodiac Zhou is regarded as one of the most creative calligraphers of the Ming Dynasty. He excelled in calligraphy, calligraphy and cursive writing. His calligraphy and cursive writing, the strokes of the pen are strong and powerful, the body is square, and the style of writing is majestic and unrestrained. With strength and posture, it is the main tone of the cursive script of the zodiac.
His Lishu Shop and Square Folding Pen, Dot Painting more to take the meaning of subordination; emphasis on the right upward horizontal winding, so that the dot painting becomes spongy and dense, although slightly habitual, but strange and strong, forming its own unique formal language, especially showing his personality of being upright.
His vertical axis representative works include the cursive book "Gift Fern Zhong brother Wen Police Out of the Mountain Poetry Axis", "Wen Nu Police Out of the Mountain Poetry Axis", etc., both works have increased the line spacing, made of continuous cursive writing, there is a tendency to go straight down, passionate burning paper, vibrating the eyes and ears, such as hearing the bells, hooves in the Tao.
Most of the calligraphy circulating in the zodiac is small kai, mainly learning from Zhong Xuan, which is more beautiful and ethereal than the ancient clumsiness of Zhong Xuan. Referring to the SuoJing Grass Method, although he chased the "Two Kings" and other Jin calligraphy, he reversed the weakness and beauty of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and expressed the rich rhyme of the Jin people with a strong pen and a square posture.
The font of this "Ode to Filial Piety" is square and nearly flat, the penmanship is vigorous, and the style is ancient and simple, which is very similar to the Zhong Xuan Kai method. The difference is that the Zhong Shu appears thick in the ancient clumsiness, while the Yellow Book is seen in Qing Jian, which can be seen under the influence of Wang Xi's Kai method.
From the Zodiac Zhou Shu theory, it is reflected that he is more devoted to Wei and Jin calligraphy, especially for zhong xuan, Suo Jing and other calligraphy with a simple style of calligraphy, but not enthusiastic about its contemporary calligraphy.
Appreciation of the full volume of the Zodiac Zhou's Ode to Filial Piety