It is generally believed that not getting sick is health, but in fact, this statement is one-sided.
According to the definition of health given by the World Health Organization, health is not only physically free of diseases and defects, but also has a complete physiological and psychological state and the ability to adapt to society.
Parents mostly judge the development from the indicators of growth and development, familiar, which needs to be combined with the results of multiple measurements to make their own longitudinal comparison to judge, as long as the growth value of children's weight and length reaches the standard, showing an upward trend, it is normal.
The easy way is to compare children with children of the same age, such as children's weight and length are similar to most children of the same age, generally speaking, their growth is normal.
The mainland has formulated reference standards for infant growth and development in two aspects, one is that it can be quantitatively called "growth indicators", such as body length, weight, teeth, etc.; the other is that intelligence, movement, language, etc. cannot be quantified as development, and sometimes the two can also be collectively referred to as growth and development. It is briefly described.
1) Weight:
The average weight of the baby at birth is 3 kg, and the average weight of the newborn is now 3300-3500 grams due to the improvement of living conditions.
On the 2nd to 4th day after birth, the baby loses 150-300 grams of weight.
Excessive weight gain in infants does not mean that the baby is in good health.
The base weight for the first year of life is:
First half weight = birth weight +0.7kg x moon
Half year weight = birth weight + 0.7 kg x 6 + 0.25 x (age -6)
Weight from 2 years to before puberty = age x 2 + 8 kg.
2) Height: The average length of the baby is 50 cm (cm), up to 65 to 67 cm at 6 months, 75 cm at the age of 1, 85 cm at the age of 2, and twice the length of birth at the age of 4.
The length after 2 years old can be according to the formula: length (cm) = age x 5 + 75 (cm)
After the age of 12, adolescent children begin to grow bodies, the above formula is not accurate, girls stop after the age of 17 to 19, and boys stop after the age of 20.
3) Head circumference: 34 cm for newborns, 46 cm at 1 year old. At the age of 2, it is 48 cm. Up to 5 years of age up to 50 cm.
4) Fontanelle:: The size of the fontanelle is no difference between men and women, 2 to 3 months with the increase of the head circumference, 6 months gradually ossified and become smaller, generally 12 to 18 months closed, early closure can be suspected of microcephaly, should pay attention to rickets or genetic diseases.
5) Teeth: Deciduous teeth begin to appear 5 to 10 months after birth, and they grow in pairs.
The order is: upper and lower front teeth (incisors), first molars, cuspid teeth and second molars, 20 deciduous teeth in 20 to 30 months, the number of teeth of children at 6 to 24 months, can be calculated using the following formula: the number of teeth = age - 4 (or 6).
After the age of 6, it begins to change to permanent teeth, and after the age of 12, a second permanent molar teeth grow, and by the age of 12 to 15, it has 28 permanent teeth.
Some children have temporary drooling, sleep restlessness, low-grade fever, and love to bite their mother's nipples when they teeth.
Toothing disorders are seen in congenital stupidity, nutritional disorders, rickets and other diseases, but the individual differences in children's growth and development are large, but in recent years, children's growth has a tendency to advance than the above standards, and many children can be higher than the above standards in the physical examination.
Many children's congenital diseases are due to viral infections and malnutrition during pregnancy in the mother, which can cause intrauterine growth retardation of the fetus, which can affect the height of the child after birth.
Therefore, pregnant women should try to achieve a balanced diet during pregnancy, some pregnant women have a serious pregnancy reaction after pregnancy, to know that the best nutrition still comes from diet, so you should try to eat a little.
There are also pregnancies that are picky eaters, or nutritional imbalance due to weight loss, should abandon unhealthy eating habits, eat more dark green vegetables, and eat more seafood rich in zinc and protein.
In short stature, it may also be caused by growth hormone deficiency, which has been observed to be often associated with abnormal childbirth, such as breech delivery, foot first exposure, and so on.
These ectopic delivery methods can easily lead to pituitary damage in the baby, making the child short.
This requires regular prenatal examinations, timely detection of abnormal fetal position, early measures under the guidance of doctors, or the choice of caesarean section, after birth, parents should ensure the reasonable nutrition of their children.
Although malnutrition can lead to slow height growth, obesity can also cause reduced growth hormone secretion and not reach the ideal height.
It should be reminded that many of the "heightened" preparations on the market are actually some ordinary androgen drugs.
It can promote growth in a short period of time, but it will make the epiphyseal closure age earlier, which hinders the increase. This is the practice of "drinking to quench thirst", do not listen to it and be fooled.
The second is neuropsychological development, such as perception, taste, movement, language, mental activity, etc., and now introduce the development within one year of age.
You can look up for three seconds when you are prone to a full moon; you can look at moving objects in front of you, you can hear quiet voices when you cry, and you can hold the pen with your hands.
When lying prone in March, he can lift half of his chest and support his upper body with his elbows; he can look at his hands, he can grab clothes and scratch his face; his eyes can follow objects 180 degrees; he can laugh when he sees people; and he can scream.
In June, you can play with your hands and feet, you can eat your toes; your head, torso, and lower limbs are completely flattened; you can hold a toy in each hand; you can listen to the sound and see the object of purpose, and you will make a familiar movement when adults recite children's songs; you will laugh when you look in the mirror, touch people in the mirror with your hands; and you will take cookies to eat yourself.
In September, you can stand with your feet striding sideways; your thumb and forefinger can pinch small things; you can understand your own name; you can answer questions in simple language; you can shake rhythmically with music; you know your facial features; you know that adults talk about yourself and you can dress in combination.
In December, you don't have to help, you can stand on your own and walk a few steps alone; you know three or four body parts; you know three kinds of animals; you can perform with children's songs; and you can complete the simple requirements made by adults.
Various nutritional deficiencies occur mainly at the age of 1-3 years.
During this period, the baby's physique and brain growth and development are still very rapid.
However, many moms only focus on how to let the baby eat well and eat more, and often ignore how to eat reasonably and eat in line with the needs of growth and development.
Therefore, many babies have various nutritional problems during this period, such as iron deficiency, calcium deficiency, zinc deficiency, lack of vitamins, obesity and so on.
Therefore, the recipe should pay attention to the intake of milk food, food quality should be diversified, cooking should be fine, soft, rotten, tender, but also pay attention to the reasonable collocation between dry and thin, sweet and salty, meat and vegetarian, pay attention to the color, aroma and taste of food, so as to improve the baby's appetite.
Families should observe the development of children should include both physical and intellectual aspects, and now, the development of children is attached great importance.
In fact, there are many factors that affect the development of children, such as nutrition, disease, mother's pregnancy, living environment, etc.
Also know that the child's development is a continuous process, and there are certain but individual differences, that is, growth is early and late, but as long as it is within the normal development range, there is no need to worry.