"Green China" dialogues with the figures of the times, spreads the spirit of innovation, and pays tribute to the power of science.
After the new crown pneumonia epidemic raged around the world, health issues have become people's primary concern for people's livelihood and well-being. In the "14th Five-Year Plan", comprehensively promoting the construction of a healthy China has been placed in an extremely important position. Improving equitable access to a continuous system of prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, health promotion and other health services has become a top priority, but it is by no means an easy task.
In the post-epidemic era, how should China adhere to the principle of putting prevention first and establish a comprehensive and full-cycle health service system? With the policy support of the "Healthy China 2030" Planning Outline, which emphasizes innovation, how should medical innovation take a different path of development? How should China establish a stable investment mechanism for public health and strengthen the construction of a talent team? In the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, the rapid transformation of medical results is crucial, which requires both government policy support and a market-oriented industrial investment platform. Compared with the transformation of achievements in the United States and Europe, there is still a big gap in the transformation of domestic medical achievements, how to break the situation? With these questions, the host Li Ce walked into Huashan Hospital and had a Q&A with Zhang Wenhong, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, director of the National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, and director of the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response.
Zhang Wenhong believes that the global epidemic prevention and control system urgently needs systemic reform, capacity improvement and international coordination to avoid the occurrence of a new global pandemic. From partial repair to systemic change, it is necessary not only to rely on new quality productivity to empower medical technology innovation, but also to integrate the forces of medicine, public health, sociology, economics, international relations and other fields. In addition, with the development of new technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence, the transformation of scientific research results is crucial, and new technologies will be widely used in epidemic monitoring, early warning and prevention and control systems in the future to improve the efficiency and accuracy of treatment.
It is worth noting that a set of clinical diagnosis and treatment system for infectious diseases (referred to as Shanghai IDC network system) established based on the super-large city of Shanghai is constantly under construction. This system will clarify the construction standards and implementation plans of diagnosis and treatment centers at different levels, refine the responsibilities and tasks of each diagnosis and treatment center, formulate efficient and collaborative plans, and form a process-oriented and integrated operation system in all fields such as hierarchical referral, collaborative treatment, and talent training.
Zhang Wenhong, the guest of this episode, and Li Ce, the host, were at the recording site
The following is a transcript of the dialogue on the selected program:
The construction of the industry-university-research system is a gradual process
Li Ce: After three years of the pandemic, will the government establish a system or a scientific platform for early warning, early diagnosis and early intervention of infectious diseases to deal with new epidemic diseases that may occur in the future? Especially in the context of the rapid development of science and technology, big data, AI and other fields.
Zhang Wenhong: After the epidemic, the world has done a lot of work to prepare for the overall pandemic. In particular, in January 2024, at the Davos Economic Forum, the WHO once again proposed that we should deal with future pandemics, including the so-called disease X, which means that an epidemic like the new crown may not be the first time in human history, and it may not be the first time in the first time.
We have experienced many major epidemics since the 1918 flu, but such a mega epidemic may be the new crown and the 1918 flu. Therefore, in 2018, scientists and relevant governments around the world have already had a discussion. But even after the discussion, I still felt that there was a lack of preparation.
This includes how to provide early warning, surveillance for the pandemic, and how to prepare for medicines and vaccines. First, of course, it is early warning, because if the early warning is slow, after the outbreak of the pandemic, there may be no chance, and it has already caused a tsunami-like epidemic, and it is already very difficult to control it at this time. So we generally think that having a good early warning system can allow enough space for later innovations to produce timely drugs and vaccines. Therefore, early warning and innovation are two inseparable aspects of the same issue. Therefore, after this, including during the two sessions this year, many delegates in China have proposed how to make the entire monitoring, detection and early warning more comprehensive, in-depth and multi-dimensional on the basis of the original disease control and monitoring, and at the same time open up information. Therefore, on this basis, as a national communication medicine center, we have also done some exploration in the early stage, that is, through the support of the state, we have established some information unification for many hospitals in China, as well as the improvement of clinical testing capabilities, and do a good job in the first-hand early warning network. This network is also aimed at the future and a multi-level early warning system in the country, including the current detection of underground sewage, to see if some epidemic viruses or the current peak of the epidemic have gone down, whether they have risen, and so on.
After the whole monitoring network of testing is established, we will always detect the epidemic as soon as possible, so that we can have the ability to prevent and control it at an early stage. After early prevention and control, there will be a relatively large space.
In the first stage of the new crown, China used to control it very well, which opened up a good space for everyone to do research and development later. It's just that on a global scale, in the last new crown our entire global research and development, including drugs and vaccines, has made great progress compared to before, but in terms of future response, these speeds may not be enough. This is why on the basis of the pre-inspection system, we should strengthen a series of innovations such as drugs and vaccines. Of course, this will also include new quality productivity, how it can be reflected in epidemic prevention and control, and pandemic preparedness.
Li Ce: Compared with other fields, medical treatment has the characteristics of high risk, high investment and long cycle, so the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is more complex. The data shows that the average conversion rate of major scientific and technological achievements in mainland China is only 20% every year, while the conversion rate of medical scientific and technological achievements is less than 8%, and the real industrialization is less than 5%.
Zhang Wenhong: The main reason is that the construction and investment of the entire system is a gradual process. For example, we attach great importance to industry-university-research today, that is to say, the results of research can be quickly transformed, and if they are well transformed, they can be used in hospitals. But there are big hurdles in each of these links. To put it simply, our overall investment in research, such as R&D, is still a very large distance between China's overall R&D investment and that of large international R&D units. That is to produce something new, and our technology is not enough. Even if we have innovative things developed now, the failure rate of transformation is very high, which means that we have to invest a lot from R&D to transformation to make up for the very high failure rate. For example, among the 100 new drugs, only one may be able to be marketed and fully used in clinical practice; Of the 10 that enter clinical research, only one may succeed. This means that only 10% of the 10 candidate new drugs have been fully researched and a large number of research animal tests have been conducted; Only 10% of those who enter clinical trials are ultimately successful, then the total is only 1%. This requires us to invest a very large base in clinical research and development.
Second, in the process of transformation, there must be enough ability to withstand the failure rate.
Third, a large number of talents, a large number of experienced teams are needed. In this regard, as the mainland has undergone reform and opening up, the accumulation of talent has made great progress, but on the whole, compared with developed countries and industrially developed countries, we need to further improve.
Therefore, during the two sessions this year, the government work report and the general secretary's speech all mentioned the new quality of productive forces, and the state should make full preparations and investments for such new quality of productive forces, in order to speed up the generation of new technologies, speed up the transformation of new technologies after they are produced, and thus enter the market. Therefore, whether it can enter the market smoothly in the end is also an important guarantee for the success of R&D.
Li Ce: Is the low conversion rate also related to the evaluation mechanism? In the past, the achievements of many researchers were often pursued by publishing articles and evaluating professional titles, and many research results could not be directly used for transformation. With the country's emphasis on the transformation of achievements, how should universities, research institutes, and medical institutions change the evaluation mechanism to effectively promote the integration of production, education and research?
Zhang Wenhong: Many people of insight have put forward a lot of good suggestions in these aspects, but in the process of implementation, there will still be many problems. For example, many people think that we can invest in scientists without assessment standards, and they should be given enough time. Since he is pursuing long-term investment, he should endure loneliness instead of evaluating his thesis and fund every year.
But this creates a problem: without evaluation criteria, it is difficult to distinguish between scientists who are really doing something valuable, and which scientists are doing work that is ultimately unproductive, and which work is meaningless. This will make the large amount of scientific investment that is now invested lose its clear purpose, and everyone invests purely for the sake of investing.
Our country is still based on the project system, that is, after applying for a project, you will invest, but the decision to invest or not is based on the papers you have published and the funds you have done, so a very big circle will be formed in the project design - the final look may still be the paper. In this way, researchers will purely pursue papers, which leads to many papers that may be papers for the sake of papers. In the end, although there are many papers, the probability of success is still very low after actually getting the project. Moreover, because the total funding of the project is limited, the person who invests is not necessarily right, and it is actually unknown whether the final research team can solve our actual problems purely through thesis writing.
Therefore, in the future, in terms of investment, the suggestions put forward are good, but in terms of landing, it is still necessary to classify and implement: which are pure science, and we require a very good selection mechanism for those who do pure science. But once you decide to let him do such basic work, don't give him a very harsh assessment, instead of publishing a paper every year, give him enough time. However, for those talents who are ready to do industrialization, we should conduct a very strict assessment, and may have to produce phased results on a regular basis and in stages. For those projects that may have high risks, then our investment team, including the country, including some funds, should have enough patience. If everyone adopts the so-called "VAM mechanism", which is currently very popular in the investment world, we may do something that is not necessarily really valuable purely for the purpose of pursuing the goal of VAM. Therefore, in terms of the transformation and clinical application of a project, we still need to make a lot of reforms in the investment of the project.
So all in all, there are a series of tasks that need to be explored in the future in terms of scientific research and translation. At present, the general secretary has put forward the concept of new quality productive forces, which will have a tremendous impact on the future development of science and technology. I believe that the construction of China's scientific research system will also get better and better.
New quality productivity empowers medical technology innovation
Li Ce: The industrial fund is an important part of the transformation of achievements. The industrial fund suitable for the transformation of achievements should pursue the return on investment at the same time, but also with the thinking of achievement transformation, that is, the results generated from the clinic and the laboratory will eventually be turned into products and services through the help of capital and returned to the clinic, so as to achieve a closed loop. Taking the achievement transformation projects in the field of innovative drugs as an example, many fund investment periods do not match the long period required by innovative drug projects, and sometimes industrial funds will set up some mechanisms that are not conducive to the development of early achievement transformation companies, making the medical teams who are not familiar with the investment field fall into passivity. What kind of mechanism do you propose to effectively prevent similar situations from happening?
Zhang Wenhong: For such a suggestion, in fact, it is very good, and there is a common practice in the world - to do a good job of technology and research reserves, that is to say, we must first do some countries' investment in the mechanism research related to this large category of clinical drugs. The input of these countries will be given to specific research laboratories in the form of various funds or state funds, such as national key laboratories, national laboratories, key universities or research institutes. In the early stages of investment, it is not known whether it will necessarily become a transformational result. But with these technical reserves, we will find that in the process of evolving with the market, we interact with the needs of the market, the needs of the industry, and the research results. In the process of interaction, it will have corresponding outputs. Therefore, I think that in scientific research and development, for the construction of the platform, we should use the strategy and spirit of not asking questions about the west and the east to make the industrial foundation of our entire country solid in the early investment. At this time, new qualitative productivity will emerge with the needs of society and new scientific discoveries.
Li Ce: With the advancement of scientific epidemic prevention, more and more scientific research achievements have also entered the lives of ordinary people, such as the development of mRNA vaccines, big data and machine vision for tracking the source of infection, etc., all of which are examples of the successful transformation of scientific research results. In terms of epidemic prevention and control, do you have any typical cases of transformation of scientific research achievements? How did it go from research to market? Can you introduce us to the general path of the transformation of medical scientific and technological achievements in combination with cases?
Zhang Wenhong: Our own team has been focusing on the elimination of tuberculosis epidemic for a long time. First, we have been engaged in this work for decades, from the research of tuberculosis immunodiagnosis, but also based on the research on the immune aspect of tuberculosis, we do the corresponding tuberculosis immunodiagnosis, and the corresponding products are also successfully used in the market through transformation. Second, through such research, we find the patient population in the latent period of tuberculosis infection, and find a very good clinical treatment plan through long-term prevention and treatment of tuberculosis latent infection. In the future, this plan can be used to reduce the incidence of latent infection, which can reduce the overall incidence of tuberculosis in China, and lay the foundation for the WHO proposal of "we eliminate the tuberculosis epidemic by 2035 and reduce the incidence rate by more than 95%".
So recently, after the end of the new crown, there are a lot of good vaccine vectors, and now we are also doing research with our team, that is, we can do preventive treatment of tuberculosis-related high-risk groups. This work is carried out very closely with our entire research team, from animal experiments, to pharmacology, to the application of the overall study, to clinical trials, all of which are the result of long-term investment. So I think it's impossible to invest money today and produce results tomorrow, and all the results must be long-term accumulation. There is a long-term accumulation in this area, and when the time comes, it will naturally arise.
Therefore, today's proposal of new quality productivity is, in a sense, also an important time node for China to increase investment in science and technology for decades, and now it is an important time node to accelerate output. In this way, we can see that our investment has no direction, but it has a direction, and this is the very clear direction of our country's new quality productivity in the future. However, it is difficult to say which project will become a new quality of productivity. Whether these innovative products can be used in clinical practice or not is ultimately emerging one by one in the context of scientific research and development. And it's hard to say which one will definitely be a very good star product tomorrow. However, in order to solve the problem of healthy China in order to achieve new quality productivity, we need to insist on investment in this area for a long time, which is important.
Therefore, the new quality productivity will not be a short-term concept, but in a sense, it will point out the direction for the overall development of China's future science and technology. Our investment in science and technology and our new quality productive forces are to increase basic investment and speed up the formation of transformation and industrialization. Once this idea is formed, I believe that all the ministries and commissions of our country, and the subsequent scientific investment and transformation investment of the country will change accordingly. We should see a thriving situation.
Medical insurance and medical resources should be coordinated and balanced
Li Ce: Starting from January 2023, China's new medical insurance reform policy will be gradually implemented in 26 provinces and cities in the mainland, and the proportion of social pooling funds and individual accounts will be adjusted. Is the medical reform changed in terms of "technique" or "Tao"? If the direction is right, why can't you reach the other side of the ideal?
Zhang Wenhong: Actually, health care reform is a very complex system. If it were a very simple system, we would find that all the health care reforms in the world should be the same, rather than each country having its own situation.
China's health care reform has gone through many stages. From the earliest publicly-funded medical care to our current health care system, which guarantees basic medical care, there will be various problems here. If it's purely public-funded, there will be a problem: when you see a doctor, in fact, the right to choose is very low. Therefore, we all know that in the stage of publicly-funded medical care, many people can only go to the clinic of their own unit or the hospital of their own enterprise to see a doctor, and there is a big problem of referral to high-level hospitals, because public-funded medical care ultimately has to be paid by the unit, not by themselves. Because since it is a unit to pay, it will definitely control the cost.
So, what's the problem now? In addition to paying for medical insurance, some of the costs of our current medical insurance, including high-end equipment and high-end drugs, may still have to be paid out of pocket. However, the autonomy of the entire medical system has been strengthened, and you can go to the county to see a doctor, or you can go to the city or province to see a doctor, and the entire medical system will gradually open up.
Although China has more autonomy in the overall planning of medical treatment, once it has autonomy, it will bring corresponding problems - it is difficult to establish a hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system. If the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system is not well established, then the diseases with relatively high incidence will be run on resources. Even if it is a non-pandemic disease, even if it is a tumor, we will see that in large hospitals, cancer patients are affected a lot. One effect is that there are too many patients, and if there are too many patients, there will be a run on resources, and patients will feel very poor about medical treatment, so that it is difficult to see a doctor. However, on the other hand, if you go to a hospital that is not so top-notch, you will feel that they are actually short of patients. So, this involves the distribution of the entire medical insurance resources and medical resources: they are not very coordinated.
In fact, these things need to be reformed in the future, but once reformed, new problems will arise, because each reform is changing the whole rules of the game. Once the rules of the game are changed, there will always be people who feel that they have benefited, and some people who feel that it is not as good as before, which will cause disunity of opinion in the whole society. Therefore, it is difficult to see a doctor and expensive to see a doctor, and as long as the reform is underway, it will be difficult for you to reconcile it.
Therefore, we must adopt the whole system of reform, or to do in-depth and detailed discussions in the country as a whole, and the reform is not a short time to get a satisfactory answer, everyone takes it for granted that publicly-funded medical care is very good, but if all the medical treatment is public-funded, it means that we have a lot of medical purchases, and there will be a big problem with the implementation of new technologies. Because all the new technologies are expensive to put in, then the price will also be high. What is the problem if the full coverage is done at public expense? Publicly-funded medical resources may be wasted at will.
Therefore, whether the public funds you mentioned today, whether the state can support it, and how to go about medical reform, can not only ensure innovation, but also ensure the ease of everyone's medical treatment. It's easy to see a doctor, and it's easy to get new technologies and drugs, but it's actually very difficult to balance.
So what should we do here, to be honest, in the end we still have to open up the whole health care reform system, like a very difficult situation, we have to cut it into pieces, eat each piece thoroughly, and then decide how to do it.
The direction of reform is goal-oriented, and we will do the corresponding things only when we want to achieve the goal-oriented. So, if we can land faster for medical innovation today, then it is obvious that our hospital will have to lower the threshold for the entry of new technologies. We can't even get into the hospital for all innovations, but if the hospital does, can our medical insurance afford it? How to control its new disease? How can people enjoy new technologies, new solutions, and new treatments, but the entire medical insurance cost can be effectively covered? Medicare can pay for it, but how can it ensure that medical resources are not abused?
Because this is a reform that combines marketization and medical insurance payment, once it is marketized, it means that there is a profit. If there is a profit, there is a risk that the public expense will be paid and the public medical treatment will be wasted. So this kind of waste, in fact, is a waste of social resources, so these are extremely complicated, but we can't say that we don't do it because it's complicated, but we should disassemble the whole complex problem into some specific, clear, and small problems, and solve them one by one.
I believe that as long as there is this determination, there should be a very good result in the end.
Li Ce: Social progress lies in reform, but the pain of reform is unavoidable. In September 2017, the drug plus achievement was cancelled, and the National Health Commission said at the time that the era of supplementing medicine with medicine was over. For example, telemedicine should be advocated and national key laboratories should be built, but the financial allocation may only reach 10% of the cost or even less, what do you think?
Zhang Wenhong: In fact, China's medical care is still dominated by the country's public hospitals. China's entire healthcare system will be more complex in the future, with both public hospitals, private hospitals, and in the future, foreign-funded hospitals. China has now begun to gradually open up foreign investment to the hospital system, so in the future, the whole game rules will gradually occupy a higher and higher proportion of the market.
Because the future marketization requires that all subjects be relatively fair in the entire competition process. Then only by establishing a relatively fair system, and medical insurance plays a full role in it, some corresponding problems can be solved at this time. This question includes how to set up telemedicine in the entire market mechanism, whether we are a public welfare project, or a project where the market mechanism works.
So now medical care, as long as you don't have a full public expense, then there will definitely be a situation where the market mechanism operates in it. So now people feel that we are doing remote diagnosis and treatment through the whole country. So while doing remote diagnosis and treatment here, it is actually necessary to be very clear who is paying and what problems are to be solved. Are we a market demand, or is it a public welfare project?
The overall route of high-speed rail in the United States is much smaller than that of China, and the main reason is that its marketization does not have enough funds to support its large high-speed rail coverage, that is, it feels that it is not profitable to do high-speed rail.
But we are building a lot of high-speed rail in China, in fact, because it is a livelihood project. That is to say, we have enabled many people in remote areas of China to enjoy the needs of convenient travel in various parts of China, and at the same time, we also have this demand for remote areas, urbanization construction in rural China, and new socialist countryside.
Therefore, what kind of strategy everyone adopts is, in fact, there is a lot of room for reform. The key is what kind of goal you aim to do. But I think the best way in general is that after our medical reform, the investment in medical care can gradually increase, and the people's medical treatment should be more and more convenient, but at the same time, they can pay for some new technologies and new programs, so in this case, the people can easily enjoy new drugs, new equipment, and new technologies, but do not cause a waste of medical resources.
These aspects are also included in the existing market system, how to establish a hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, so this hierarchical diagnosis and treatment does not mean that only under the full public expense treatment can be established hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, in fact, under the market mechanism, if we analyze the existing problems in detail, it is also possible to establish an effective market hierarchical diagnosis and treatment situation.
To grasp the epidemic situation, it is necessary to do a good job of interconnection at the national level
Li Ce: In 1952, the WHO established a global influenza detection network, and various countries established influenza reference laboratories to collect their own influenza strains under the unified coordination and management of the WHO. Is there a consensus? How should global public health cooperation be carried out in the future to deal with possible future epidemics?
Zhang Wenhong: China has always maintained a very positive attitude towards international opening up and global integration. The current international situation, on the whole, is, of course, very complicated. But China has been doing a very good job of sharing data from flu labs, product labs around the world, and data sharing around the world. We, the China CDC, regularly share the national data with international influenza surveillance.
So when you mention emerging infectious diseases, it's not just about influenza, but it's probably not enough to share some data other than influenza right now. The reason for the lack is that the construction of our laboratories in China can quickly meet the international standards, which requires a lot of investment. Second, we must take some paths to internationalization, including the WHO, and relevant international organizations. The organizations that China can play an active role in it, we will finally carry out full exchanges and communication through the form of equality and mutual benefit.
Therefore, we are also actively communicating and sharing with the international community in this regard. In June this year, I will go to Geneva to participate in the development of WHO guidelines on tuberculosis treatment, where I will discuss with the world as a Chinese expert. It's important here to share each other's data and each other's clinical research results. Some time ago, our team also went to South Africa to communicate the current global pneumococcal infection situation around the world.
For the future, we are also exploring how to connect each other's data at the national and WHO levels. For infectious disease surveillance, China has established a very good surveillance network, how can this network be guaranteed under unified standards, and at our national level, how can we communicate with other countries. In fact, these tasks need to be carried out at the level of international exchanges, that is, through international authorities, including the WHO, which are organizations in which China plays an important role, to carry out the unified exchange of some data. Because data exchange must be the behavior of a country, not the exchange of data of individuals or a certain unit, which does not represent our international standards, but only some personal data sharing.
So in this meeting in South Africa, we had a full discussion with each other on how to share data in the future. I think China should be active and pragmatic in this regard in the future. I think that the future work in this area will contribute to the global early warning of infectious diseases and the prevention and control of our global biochemical products in the future, which will have a positive impact.
Li Ce: The epidemic situation of infectious diseases released by the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention has increased compared with last year, on the one hand, there are seasonal factors, and on the other hand, are there factors that have weakened the immune system?
Zhang Wenhong: There are many reasons for this, one is that because we opened this time, we saw a lot of epidemics last winter, and the seasonal peaks of its epidemic were a little out of order after we monitored them. In other words, it no longer appears regularly, and some of them do not usually break out, that is, infectious diseases or infectious diseases, and at this time its peak also increases.
However, on the whole, it is also related to the fact that China is now closely stepping up the layout of the entire monitoring network, and major hospitals are strengthening the detection of clinical fever patients. We used to have an old saying, "There is no infectious disease without testing", but now we have fully tested for some viruses that were rarely tested before, such as respiratory syncytial (RSV) virus, as well as human metapneumovirus, mycoplasma, chlamydia, etc., which were not tested in many hospitals before, and many hospitals did not even test for the flu.
So now that everyone has done enough testing and reported it, you will suddenly find out how many patients have increased during this time. In this case, we also found that the number of monitored cases is increasing, and at the same time, the people also feel that there are a lot of fevers this winter, and they think that it is a certain infectious disease, such as the new crown, for example, the flu is not peaking again. In fact, from last winter to this spring, the period was more complicated, and several infectious diseases appeared at the same time.
There are many reasons for this, but at least one thing, we are now more and more prepared for the testing of these infectious diseases in China. At least we know what happened, there may have been a lot of people infected with fever before, and everyone was panicking, but at least we know that this period is mainly influenza, so we need to have flu medicine in place; During this time, mycoplasma and chlamydia are the mainstay, and our corresponding drugs are in place; During this time, it is the new crown virus again, and we must protect the elderly and prepare the new crown medicine for the elderly in place.
In this way, we have a clear grasp of the epidemic situation of the disease. If there is another epidemic, or if there is a seasonal epidemic again, even if there are many cases, we know what is happening, and then we can guide, triage, and hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, and these problems can be solved in the end.
Li Ce: China has experienced SARS and the new crown, and the government, research institutes, medical institutions, etc., have made a lot of efforts, even sacrifices. What should we learn from each epidemic prevention, and what kind of emergency facilities and emergency mechanisms should be left behind, so as to plan for a rainy day?
Zhang Wenhong: That's a good question. In fact, every individual is summing up experience, what should we do, the country is also summing up experience, and the whole world is summing up experience. So in the big picture, it's that there's a global push for a pandemic, and the WHO is repeatedly emphasizing one of the risks of disease X. From the national level, it is from three points:
First, we have stepped up capacity building for surveillance, detection and early warning, in which we play an important role as the National Center for Communication Medicine.
Second, the state attaches great importance to the incubation of new quality productivity. The incubation of new quality productivity requires many key laboratories, including our key laboratory of emergency response to emergency infectious diseases in Shanghai, as well as national laboratories, which are actually the scientific connotation of new quality productivity.
Third, the state has recently made a lot of policy changes for the implementation of these new quality productive forces. I believe that here is how to convert, and rapid conversion is also a good preparation for our future popularity. So in the future, of course the pandemic that we are sure will come, but when it will come, we don't know, but one thing that we do for sure is that we should do better than the last time, we should do better than the last time, and we can go further. I believe that the series of measures recently taken by our country are prepared for this.
Finally, there is the individual, no matter what preparations the country makes, but in the end we also need to have a good immunity. If we have good immunity and good lifestyle habits, then I think we have enough ability to deal with any epidemic of infectious diseases. Here, I hope that everyone will sleep well, eat well, and exercise well, so I believe that they should maintain a very good health state. I'm also here to borrow your program, in front of the video, or watching these friends in health promotion that you pushed, everyone is in good health. I believe that we will be fine in the future, although there will be many challenges.
