preface
Today, I say that several complex sentences in the 2-2-1 sentence form still come from Mr. Wang Li's "Chinese Poetics". Sentences with more than two predicates are called complex sentences.
一、vn-cN-F
This sentence form, Wang Li explained, is: the person who is pregnant in the position of the subject.
For example: Deng li - Huang Gan - heavy, support bed - jinshi - round.
Huanggan is the subject, heavy is the predicate. Climbing the trick, modifying the yellow gan, means the yellow gan that is placed in the sacrificial vessel. In the same way, the brocade that plays a supporting role under the bed is the subject, and the circle is the predicate.
Du Fu (Tang) "Ji Qiu Jiang Village":
Arbor village ruins are ancient, and the hedges are hanging wild vines.
Qingqin will have time, and the white head will look at the frost day.
Dengli - Huanggan - heavy, support bed - jinshi - round.
Although it is lonely to travel, it is difficult to see this mountain.
2、NN-nv-F(或V)
This sentence form, Mr. Wang Li explained, is: sentence form encompasses the sentence form of pregnancy adverb.
For example: Shu Sword - Body - Waste, Yan Xia - Gong Gong - Idle. Life and books and swords are wasted together, and eunuchs and smoke are idle.
The normal word order should be: Shu Sword - Same Body - Waste, Yan Xia - Co-Official - Idle. After the processing of the poet, the body and the official became the subject, and the sword and the smoke became the modifier.
The whole sentence of 5 words is in sentence form. In the so-called "adverb sentence form", the adverb refers to the word that modifies the predicate, which should refer to: book sword waste, smoke and leisure.
Liu Changqing (Tang) "Accidental Works":
Noji nagarjuna, The Tian family or returned.
The old farmer opened the ancient land, and the sunset birds entered the cold mountain.
Book sword - body - waste, smoke Xia - official gong - idle.
How can you get your white hair and a staff out of the world?
Another example is fN-nv-F (or V), flake cloud - sky - far away, eternal night - moon with - lonely. Normal word order: Flake clouds - common sky - far away, eternal night - same month - lonely. After the poet processed, the day and the moon were the subject status.
The upper link, the sky and the piece of clouds are far away, the lower link should be understood as: in the long night, me and the moon are lonely.
Du Fu (Tang) "Jiang Han":
Jiang Hansi returned to the guests, and Qiankun was a corrupt Confucian.
Flake clouds - heaven and earth - far away, eternal night - moon with - lonely.
The sunset is still strong, and the autumn wind is sick.
Old horses in ancient times do not have to take long distances.
三、nN-vn-V（或F）
Wang Li explained that the sentence form contains an adverbial predicate form of two words.
1. The subject is a noun
nN-vn-V（或F）
River water - with ice - green, peach blossoms - with the rain - fly.
This sentence form is easier to understand: subject + verb + guest + complement.
The original meaning is that the river water and the residual ice on the surface of the water are green, and the rain and peach blossoms fly together. Belt and follow are poetic eyes, which are much more flexible than the common and the same 2 words, and play an anthropomorphic role.
Again, there are no adverbs in the 5 words. The predicate form is a verb-object structure, and the adverb predicate form seems to refer to the green water and peach blossom flying.
Chu Guangxi (Tang) "Hanyang Is the Matter":
The Kingdom of Chu is thousands of miles away, and it is not known that every inch is violated.
Spring travel is happy with guests, and there is no clothes for sleeping at night.
The nine songs have a deep meaning, and the donation is the return.
2. The subject is a parallel adjective
FF-vn-F
For example: QingChe - Qiu Qiu - Far. The same is the main + verb + guest + complement.
Parallel language, is a juxtaposition relationship regardless of priority. Clear cut, is an adjective of the juxtaposition relationship, so it is denoted by FF.
Liu Changqing (Tang) "Autumn Night Northern Mountain Jingshe Guan Body Like a Teacher Fan":
Burning incense plays the immortals, and the sunset spreads all over the empty mountain.
Qing cut - concurrent autumn - far, Wei Yi - to the moon - idle.
The static rocks answered, scattering the tide of the sea.
Fortunately, the wind blew away and went to the world with people.
四、dd-Vd-F
Wang Li explains that the first 2 words are adverbs, the 3rd and 4th words are verbs + complements, and the ending adjectives.
For example: should be - scooped - fine. Quite aware - sent - late.
It is an adverb that modifies the predicate. Getting and coming are also complements to verbs and sends.
Quite aware - sent - late. Jue, it seems, should also be regarded as a predicate.
In poetry, there are often up and down links, although they conform to the ancient rules of fighting, but in modern grammar, there are slightly different phenomena of up and down links.
Du Fu's "Three Songs Sent after returning to the Mountain":
White dew yellow sorghum ripe, stretched plain period.
It should be - scooped - fine, quite aware - sent - late.
The taste is the same as the golden chrysanthemum, and the fragrance should be accompanied by green sunflower.
The old man was in love with him and was trying to slip the key.
Conclusion
Today's several complex sentence patterns are indeed a bit "complicated".
Whether it is a simple sentence or a complex sentence, there are always some verses that seem to be grammatically incomprehensible, but this does not prevent us from understanding the poet's original intention. The sentence patterns in these poems are different from the common prose sentence patterns, which later generations called the poet's language.
Some ordinary sentences, after the poet's clever hand modification, immediately have a poetic meaning, because of the poet's skillful application of various sentence patterns.
@Old Street Taste
The five-word near-body poem complex sentence, this 41 structure is very similar to the 23 structure of the sentence pattern