People who do not understand the study of the mind will read according to the middle school textbook: Wang Yangming is an idealist philosopher, his "nothing outside the mind" is an idealist view, and some people even say that this is bitter Zen and superstition. To put it bluntly, it is that I am blindly thinking there, and I regard fantasy as a real thing.
Its practical "only" word to define and classify a doctrine is very inappropriate, taking the mind as the starting point is the ideal, taking the material as the starting point is materialism, when it comes to the fundamentals, how can you say clearly what is the mind and what is the thing.
You say that the mind is the mind, the mind has the material basis of the nervous system, and there are all kinds of biological discharges and physicochemical reactions, which are only more subtle and microscopic, and there is no essential difference between the candle burning and the car starting with our naked eye.
You say that water is a thing, and as soon as it is sublimated and evaporated, it becomes invisible, invisible and untouchable. There is no absolute difference between "things" and "minds."
01, on the "nothing outside the heart"
How are airplanes built? Without the image of the airplane in the minds of the Wright brothers, without that design concept, would the plane have fallen out of thin air? No, then when do you say that the plane appeared, the plane in the human brain, the human heart is not counted? It's the beginning.
Isn't this just in line with the "things" in Wang Yangming's mind? The object of mind science is not idealism, it is its wider scope, and it is closer to the essence, and its object does not refer to external objects with fixed shapes that can be seen and touched, but things that are really perceived by us.
Essentially, if something external cannot enter our minds, it is equivalent to non-existence for us, because we will not have any interaction with it, and it will not have any effect on us. It's like if you talk about quantum mechanics to an old rural lady who only talks about rolling and rolling, and thinks that what you say is not as useful as her burning stick.
Let's see how Wang Yangming defines "thing". In the Book of Traditions, it is said: "The master of the body is the mind, the source of the heart is the intention, the essence of the intention is the knowledge, and the place of the intention is the thing." Ruyi lies in the relatives, that is, the relatives are one thing; the meaning is that the things are the king, that is, the things are one thing; the meaning is to see, hear, speak, and move, that is, to see, hear, speak, and move is one thing. So so-and-so says that there is no reason outside the heart, no things outside the heart. ”
The mind is the master of the body, this sentence is very easy to understand; the divergence of the mind is the mind, and the essence of the mind is the perceptual system of perception, feeling, experience, etc., because with "feeling" there will be "knowledge". If we borrow the words of the Buddhists, the six roots are the carrier, the six dusts are the essence, and the six dusts are "knowledge."
And what the mind, the mind, stops at, what the mind is concerned about is the thing. For example, if you think of an airplane now, an airplane is a thing, you think of your parents, your parents are a thing, you think of being kind to your colleagues, this thing is a thing. In psychology, "things" and "things" are one thing, inseparable.
It is only because of the later development of Chinese language and culture that things usually refer to the more abstract parts, and things are concrete things. But tracing back to the source, things and things are originally a thing. Therefore, Wang Yangming will say that there is no reason outside the heart, and there is nothing outside the heart.
02、 How to go to the "grid object"
Since the concept of matter is clear, what is the "lattice thing" in the end, and how to "lattice"?
As we said above, the place of intention is the thing, and the essence of the thing is the image or thing to which our belief can perceive, receive, and link. Wang Yangming has proved for us that if we go to the "grid" as Zhu Xi said, just like he and his friends did to check the bamboo, they will only beg for their own hardships and will not have any real results.
So what is the real lattice, and how exactly is it "lattice"?
"Grid" is the rightness, and the grid is that when we perceive a thing in our minds, we must correct our own ideas and beliefs about this matter, and we must conform to the heavenly principle, rather than mixing with many personal thoughts and desires, so that it will violate the principle of heaven and human morality, and eventually we will lose the norm of our behavior, we will do things that "hurt nature and harm reason", and eventually harm others and harm ourselves.
To know is that whenever there is something in our hearts, we must use our conscience to correct it, pull it back to the right path, and finally achieve the state of keeping ourselves mindful and righteous at all times, and always having the state of heavenly reason in our hearts.
Therefore, to know things is to be mindful of the poor principle, and what should be "exhausted" is not the external physics, but the principle of things in our minds, to get rid of selfish desires, to exist in heavenly reason, and finally to make our minds, minds, and heavenly reasons one.
This is also what "Mingmingde" is called in "University". "Matilda" is Tianli, and Mingmingde is Tianli. So how do we identify Heavenly Reason, and how do you judge whether the thoughts in our hearts are Heavenly Principles or Human Desires? This depends on another powerful weapon, and that is the "conscience."
03. What is "conscience"?
Conscience is different from the knowledge in the unity of knowledge and action, which refers to perception, awareness, which can be changed and corrected by the day after tomorrow, and its root is the response of our senses to things. And conscience is innate.
The definition of conscience in the Book of Ecclesiastes comes from the following passage: "Knowledge is the essence of the mind, and the mind naturally knows." See the father naturally know filial piety, see the brother naturally know the brother, see the widow into the well naturally know compassion. This is conscience, and it is not false to ask for anything. ”
We can simply understand conscience as the part of "knowing" that is positive mindfulness, or the part that goes up to the level, the part that can perceive and direct positive mindfulness. It is innate, children naturally know to smile at their parents, and when they grow up, they will know how to treat their parents without teaching them.
This kind of thing does not need to go to any training class, nor does it need the community aunt to follow the good temptation, not filial piety is not that he does not know how to honor his parents, but in his heart he feels that his parents are a burden, a burden for himself, it is selfish, and he regards his comfort as more important than filial piety to his parents.
He also knew that he was wrong and would be ridiculed, but in his value system, the cost of honoring his parents was higher than the condemnation and disdain of the world.
Doing something is right or wrong, and you don't need a teacher to tell you from a textbook, and you don't need a judge to tell you what is right or wrong. You know "intuitively" right or wrong at the first moment, just to see if your mind is positive, selfish or reasonable.
In line with Tianli and human morality, using Tianli to guide their own actions, that is, true sincerity and righteousness, you can cultivate yourself and rule the country and the world.