Recently, I received some fan comments, some of which were related to the maintenance of old vehicles.
Some car owners in the past two years of car replacement planning for different reasons choose to postpone, the existing vehicles to continue to use, but the mileage is more than 100,000 kilometers, but there is no experience in the use of old vehicles; then after the mileage exceeds 100,000 kilometers, what parts or oil need to be replaced, or do you want to carry out the so-called "big maintenance"?
Let's briefly talk about this problem, which roughly includes:
Precautions for routine maintenance projects after large maintenance projects exceed 100,000 kilometers
The first thing that needs to be explained is conventional maintenance, commonly known as "three filters and one oil", which refers to the oil filter, air filter and air conditioning filter, as well as the oil; the internal combustion heat engine used in the fuel vehicle needs lubricating oil to achieve lubrication, sealing, cleaning, etc., because there will be high temperature, high pressure and wear during its operation, and a certain amount of impurities will affect the quality of the oil, so the oil must be replaced regularly.
Oil change must be changed filter, because the impurities in the oil in a service cycle are basically filtered and stored organically, changing the oil without changing the filter will make the new oil quickly dirty, and the "ash capacity" of the filter exceeds the limit, which will make the impurities and worn metal chips flow with the oil, thus affecting the anti-wear performance and other properties.
There is no difference between the oil replacement method and the cycle after more than 100,000 kilometers, or that there is no difference in the scrapping of the vehicle, which needs to be explained in advance; but the viscosity of the oil needs to be changed to be good, and the concept of viscosity can refer to the following figure.
W refers to winter, interpreted as low temperature or winter, plus the number represents the low temperature fluidity of the oil, that is, starting the engine in the winter can make the oil flow quickly to form an effective lubrication ability, the normal standard is to start a few seconds after the formation of effective lubrication; the standard needs to be judged by themselves, determined by the minimum temperature in winter, such as the minimum temperature is minus 30 degrees to use 0W oil, the number plus -35 for the oil freezing point, 0W is minus 35 degrees freezing, The closer you get to minus 35 degrees, the worse the liquidity, so you need to leave redundancy.
What needs to be said here is the high temperature viscosity of the oil, such as 0W-30, the high temperature flow energy has this "30" to mark, the conventional standard has 20, 30, 40, 50, the higher the value, the higher the viscosity; the temperature of the engine's "hot car" state is basically constant, then what standard oil should be used should not be changed, the car's user manual (manual) suggests what standard to use what standard.
Suppose it is recommended to use 30 on the use of 30, it is recommended to use 30/40, more than 100,000 kilometers, if the engine oil loss is slightly larger, that is, a little bit of burning oil, at this time you can use high viscosity 40; because the large thickness of the oil film formed by high viscosity oil can alleviate the burning oil to a certain extent, but 100,000 kilometers is actually not much mileage, in addition to some engines with burner oil diseases, most vehicles often have to more than 200,000 kilometers to adjust the oil viscosity.
There are two ways to say "three filters"
They are:
Air filter, air conditioning filter, machine filter air filter, machine filter, vapor filter
The air filter implies that the second statement includes the filter element of the air conditioning system, with more "fuel filters", because family cars are basically gasoline-powered engines, so they are also commonly known as "gas filters".
Whether it is the air filter of the engine or the filter element in the air conditioning system, it is actually very good to replace, but also very good to check; if no damage or serious dirt is found after removal, it can continue to be used after cleaning with high-pressure gas, and it is generally recommended to use 10,000 to 20,000 kilometers, during which it can be cleaned up once.
"Vapor filter" should belong to the car maintenance project, and now it is ready to enter the second section.
Gasoline is actually very pure, gasoline from the unloading time to use the quasi-180 mesh filter filter, the dispenser has 500 mesh above and below the standard filter, after two filters of gasoline at best there will be some "dust"; the car's fuel filter to filter is dust, its ash capacity and dust ratio difference is super large! It can be said that as long as the refueled gasoline is standard gasoline, then the vapor filter generally does not need to be replaced; as for the recommended standard of the user manual, it is very conservative, mostly 30,000 to 50,000 kilometers to replace, the actual significance is not large; as long as there is no abnormal oil pressure in the use process, the vapor filter can continue to be used.
However, it still needs to be replaced to reach about 100,000 kilometers, and it is about to reach the limit at this time; as for the maintenance-free type or built-in vapor filter, it can also be disassembled and cleaned, and if there is no abnormal state, it is not cleaned.
The main items of automobile maintenance include:
Antifreeze coolant transmission oil differential oil brake system battery
wait.
Let's briefly explain it here, otherwise the length will be too long,
Antifreeze coolant is generally recommended to be replaced by 50,000 to 60,000 kilometers, and the use of the process will be reduced due to evaporation, during which the same type of antifreeze or distilled water can be normally supplemented; 100,000 kilometers can be replaced for the second time, of course, if there is no replacement before, do not worry, because this recommendation is also a conservative standard.
Transmission oil is divided into manual and automatic, manual transmission is recommended to replace about 50,000 kilometers, automatic transmission can be used to 8 ~ 100,000 kilometers; but the stepless transmission is an exception, this transmission failure rate is higher, the service life is also short, oil replacement is recommended according to the user manual standard cycle and lubricating oil model, otherwise it may lead to transmission fault code lighting.
Differential oil is four-wheel drive or rear-drive vehicles need to be considered, front-drive scooters do not need to care; the battery is the starting battery of the car, when there is frequent power loss, full charge can not last for three or two days and then replace, within 100,000 kilometers if not replaced, the life of the battery has basically reached the limit.
What needs special note is the detection of the brake system, the brake oil does not have a standard recommended replacement cycle, this oil is only used as a transmission oil, as long as the water content does not exceed the standard can continue to be used; on the contrary, if the standard is exceeded, there may be a weakening of the braking force or even occasional interruptions, at this time the need to change the oil in time. Secondly, more than 100,000 kilometers to check the brake pads and brake discs, before the brake pads should be replaced, and then should check the degree of wear of the brake discs, more than 100,000 kilometers is likely to wear too much.
Finally, there will be two key points and one recommendation
Key point 1: Timing belt
Most of the engines use the "timing chain", but there are still some old vehicles with "timing belt", its function is not repeated, can be understood as the crankshaft and camshaft connecting the engine, only the two at the standard speed and angle synchronous operation, in order to drive the connecting rod piston to carry out the "four-stroke" action, let the camshaft complete the synchronous opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves of each cylinder.
If the normal "timing" is not possible, the engine may have serious failures.
Timing chain is generally maintenance-free, but after driving 100,000 or 200,000 kilometers can also be checked and adjusted, because it will also become loose; and timing belt is made of rubber, it is bound to age, it is generally recommended to replace about 80,000 kilometers, 100,000 kilometers before the replacement must be paid close attention to inspection and replacement.
Focus 2 spark plugs and ignition coils
Many drivers may not know that the spark plug in the engine is a loss part, in fact, it is a loss piece, and its theoretical service life is 50,000 to 80,000 kilometers, but there are also some high-standard spark plugs that can be used for more than 100,000 kilometers; if you feel that the power of the engine drops, but there is no problem with the oil circuit system, the reason may be that the serious aging of the spark plug affects the ignition intensity.
The ignition system boosts the 12V electric voltage to about 22,000 volts by the ignition coil, and then ignites the arc through the spark plug.
The ignition coil is very important, but there is no standard concept for the service life of the ignition coil, generally it is broken to be replaced; old vehicles are prone to the failure of ignition coil damage, and it is necessary to check it regularly.
One suggestion refers to "four-wheel positioning", pay attention to the point: four-wheel positioning is not a maintenance project, but a maintenance project! The concept is to fix the angle of the "wheel guide" part of the suspension.
All kinds of springs + shock absorbers, supporting all kinds of connecting rods or rocker arms of the body, guiding the wheels
Mention of suspension will only think of a variety of rods, in fact, these rods are not used to support the body, but to support the wheels; it is used to control the wheel inclination when the vehicle is turning, and in the long-term driving, the connecting rod angle may change due to various impacts, resulting in vehicle deviation, tire deflection, driving stability and other phenomena.
Some vehicles of more than 100,000 kilometers will have this state, which can be repaired through four-wheel positioning, and if there is no problem, it is not necessary to do it; when performing four-wheel positioning, the shock absorbers in the suspension and each ball joint can be checked synchronously to see if there is oil leakage, and if there is any, it can only be replaced. This is what vehicles of more than 100,000 kilometers need to pay attention to, after a comprehensive inspection, within 100,000-200,000 kilometers and the previous maintenance method is no different.