College entrance examination language: must memorize 14 ancient poems, including key annotations and appreciation!

The college entrance examination language must memorize 14 ancient poems

1． Persuasion

Xunzi

Gentleman: Learning is not enough.

Blue, taken from blue, and blue from blue; ice, water for it, and cold from water. The wooden straight rope, thought of as the wheel, its curved in the gauge. Although there is violence, those who do not stand up again make it so. Therefore, the rope of the wood is straight, the gold is sharp, and the gentleman is erudite and the daily reference is self-conscious, then he knows and acts without fault.

I taste and think all the time, not as much as what I have learned; I taste and look forward to it, and it is better to ascend to the heights of Hiromiya. Ascend and move, the arms are not lengthened, and the seeer is far away; the wind is calling, the sound is not added to the disease, and the hearer is prominent. The false horse is not a foot, but a thousand miles; the false boat is not able to water, but there is no river. A gentleman is not born different, and is good at faking things.

The soil is made into mountains, and the wind and rain are prosperous; the water is deep, and the dragon is born; the good is cultivated into virtue, and the gods are self-satisfied, and the sacred heart is prepared. Therefore, if you do not accumulate steps, you cannot go thousands of miles; if you do not accumulate small streams, you cannot become a river and a sea. Qi Ji can't take ten steps when he jumps; he can't take ten steps; he can ride ten horses and give up his merits. Perseverance and abandonment, decaying wood does not break; perseverance, gold and stone can be skeletonized. The worm has no claws and teeth, the strength of the muscles and bones, eating the soil, drinking the yellow spring, and using the heart. Crab six kneeling and two claws, non-snake eel's cave has no sustenance, the heart is also impatient.

【Note】

Gentleman: This refers to a learned and cultivated person. Already: Stopped.

Blue: Indigo, a dye, taken from bluegrass. Blue: The name of the grass, also known as liǎo blue, the leaves contain blue juice, can be used as blue dye.

Medium (zhònɡ) rope: (wood) conforms to straightened ink thread. Carpenters use straightened ink threads to straighten them. : Pass "煣", make bending. Gauge: Compass.

Although there is a hammer (ɡǎo) storm (pù): even if it is dried again. Yes: Pass "again". Hammer: Sun-dried. KEY: Dry. Exposure: Sun. Complex: Again. Straight: Straight.

Received rope: the specific amount of ink line is excessive.

Gold: Refers to a sword made of metal, etc. Just: verb, close, close. 砺: Whetstone.

"Gentleman's erudition": A gentleman learns extensively and checks and examines his words and deeds every day. Reference (cān): test, check. One says, reference, through "three", many times, table summary. Province (xǐnɡ): Province. Hu: Equivalent to "Yu".

Sue: Moments, moments. Qì: Lift the heel. Hakata: See widely.

Seeing far away: It means that people can also see from a distance. Disease: Strong, here refers to the sound of grand. Akira: Clear.

False: Leverage, exploit. KEY: Cars. Foot: The foot goes fast. To: Arrival. Noh Water: Good at swimming. Water: Used as a verb, swimming water, refers to swimming. Absolutely: Crossing. Birth (xìnɡ): General "sex", qualifications, endowments. Object: External objects refer to various objective conditions. "Accumulate good deeds and cultivate good virtues" three sentences: Accumulate good deeds and cultivate good moral character, and you will get the highest wisdom and have the ideological realm of a saint. Stepping: In ancient times, it was said that stepping out one foot was "stepping", and stepping over two feet was "stepping". Nothing: Not used to... (approach). Jì: Horse. Horse: Bad horse. Ten: The distance traveled by the horse-drawn carriage in ten days. Hammer: Engraved. Skeletonized: Engraving. Intention one also: (This is) the sake of single-mindedness. With: Because. Six kneeling: six legs, the crab is actually eight legs. Kneeling: Crab legs. Chelatum: Crab claws. Restlessness: Impetuous, inattentive.

【Appreciation】

"Persuasion" systematically discusses the purpose, meaning, attitude and method of learning, and is an important article on "learning" in ancient times. The excerpts here focus on the importance, role, and attitudes to which learning should be held. The author repeatedly argues that human knowledge, talents, and virtues are not innate, but are acquired through learning and accumulation. Even the thoughts of saints can be possessed through continuous learning and accumulation. Therefore, anyone should be persistent, down-to-earth, and constantly learning.

The first paragraph puts forward the central argument of the whole text: "Learning is not enough".

Paragraph 2 deals with the importance of learning. The author first uses a series of metaphors to argue, and then shows that if people want to learn widely and constantly reflect on themselves, they will be wise and wise, and their behavior will be blameless.

Paragraph 3 deals with the role of learning. The author first explains the remarkable effect of learning from the positive side, then explains that the good effect is achieved because of external conditions, and finally deduces that people need to transform and improve themselves through learning.

Paragraph 4 indicates the attitude that should be taken in learning. The whole paragraph is divided into three layers: the first layer focuses on the accumulation of knowledge; the second layer emphasizes that learning is important for perseverance; and the third layer emphasizes that learning must be concentrated. These three meanings are deep and deeply linked.

2． Shi said

Han yu

The ancient scholar must have a teacher. Teachers, so preaching is also karmic to solve puzzles. Whoever is not born to know can be confused? If you are confused and do not follow the teacher, you will be confused and will not be solved in the end. Before I was born, my hearers also preceded me, and I learned from them; after I was born, I also heard the Tao before me, and I learned from them. My master Daoye, fu Yong knows that his years were born in my lifetime? Therefore, there is no nobility, no low, no length, no less, the existence of the Tao, the existence of the teacher.

Woohoo! The master's way has not been passed on for a long time! It is difficult to want people to be confused! The saints of the past are far away from the teacher, and they are asked from the teacher, and the people of the present, the saints under them are also far away, and they are ashamed to learn from the teacher. It is therefore holy and holy, foolish and foolish. The reason why saints are holy and fools are stupid is because of this? Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; in his body, he is ashamed of his teacher and confused. The teacher of the boy, the reader who teaches the book and learns his sentences, is not the so-called one who preaches his way and solves his confusion. I don't know what I read, I don't understand, or I don't know, or I don't know, or I don't know, I don't know. Witch doctors and musicians are not ashamed to be teachers. The clan of scholars, the masters and disciples, gathered and laughed. When asked, he said: "He is similar to his year, the Tao is similar, the position is humble, and the official is close." "Woohoo! The teacher's way is gone, and it can be known. The man of the witch doctor musician and hundreds of workers, the gentleman does not despise, and now his wisdom is beyond his reach, and his strangeness is also terrible!

The impermanence of the saints. Confucius teacher Tan Zi, Cang Hong, Shi Xiang, Lao Nie. The disciples of Tan Zi are inferior to Confucius. Confucius said: If you are a threesome, you will have my teacher. Therefore, the disciple does not have to be inferior to the teacher, the teacher does not have to be wise to the disciple, there is a precedence in hearing the Tao, there is a specialization in the art, and so on.

Li Zipan, seventeen years old, good ancient texts, the six arts of the classics are all learned, not limited to the time, learn from Yu. Yu Jiaqi was able to walk the ancient path and compose the "Master's Saying" to yizhi.

Ancient scholars must have teachers: those who studied in ancient times must have teachers. Scholar: A person who studies.

So: used to... target...... By virtue of. Received: Pass "teach", impart.

Born to know: Born to understand the truth. Zhi: Refers to knowledge and truth. WHO: Who.

SMELL: Know, understand. Thus the teacher: follow (him), worship him as the teacher. Shizhi: It is "taking it as a teacher".

I know that he was born in the first place in his years: whether he is older than me (Mr. Yuwu) or younger than me (born later)? Yong: Oh, what. Know: Know, know. Year: This refers to age. Of: Structural auxiliaries, no real meaning.

So, so. None: No matter, no division.

Shi Dao: The fashion of the teacher. Dao: Here is the meaning of fashion.

Out: Here refers to beyond. Jude: Still, still.

People: Ordinary people. Bottom: Below. YU: Towards.

The two sentences of "Holy And Holy" are: The saints are more holy, and the fools are more ignorant. Benefits: More, more. In his own body: for himself. Body: Yourself. Shame: Shame on the teacher. Shame: Intentional use. Confused: Confused. Teach the book and learn its sentence reading (dòu): Teach him the book, (help him) to learn the verses in it. Zhi: Refers to the child. Its: Refers to the book. Sentence reading: The ancients refer to the rest and pause of words. The meaning of the text has been exhausted as a sentence, and the place where it is not exhausted and must pause is reading. "Or master" two sentences: some follow the teacher, some do not (follow the teacher). It means that those who do not know how to read sentences should follow the teacher, and those who cannot solve the puzzle do not follow the teacher. No: Pass "No". Left: Discarded. Hundred Craftsmen: All kinds of craftsmen. Xiangshi: Worship others as teachers. Family: Class. The master is known as the disciple of the cloud: called "teacher" called "disciple" and so on. CloudEr: There is a meaning of "so and so". "Humble is shameful" two sentences: (with) a low status (people as teachers), they feel ashamed; (with) high official positions (people as teachers), it is almost flattering. Sarcasm: Flattery, flattery. Disdain: Disdain is associated with it, shame is associated, meaning to look down. Teeth: side-by-side, arranged. The second sentence of "now its wisdom": It is really strange that the knowledge of the scholars and doctors is not as good as that of witch doctors, musicians, and craftsmen! ChangShi: A regular teacher. Son of Tan (郯)子: During the Spring and Autumn Period, the monarch of the State of Tan (郯城, in present-day Tancheng, Shandong), Confucius asked him for the name of an official. Chánɡ Hong: The doctor of king Jing of Zhou, Confucius asked him about music. Shi Xiang: During the Spring and Autumn Period, the music official of the State of Lu, Confucius learned to play the piano from him. Lao Tzu (dān): It was Lao Tzu, and Confucius greeted him. If you are a threesome, you must have my teacher: there will be several people in your company, and there must be someone who can be my teacher. Not necessarily: not necessarily. There are specializations in the art industry: there are (each) specialized research in learning and skills. Offense: Study, research. Zhuàn: The scriptures and transmissions of the Six Classics. Six Arts: Refers to the six kinds of scriptures of "Poetry", "Book", "Ritual", "Music", "Yi", and "Spring and Autumn". "Music" has long been lost, which is a continuation of the ancient saying. Biography: Ancient writings that explain scriptures. Shi: Refers to the bad habit of being ashamed of their teachers at that time. KA: Yes. Ancient Path: Refers to the way of the ancients from the teacher. Yí: Gift.

"The Sayings of the Master" is a famous paper by Han Yu. The full text is divided into 4 paragraphs.

Paragraph 1 presents the central thesis and summarizes the importance of the teacher and the criteria for teacher selection in terms of the function of the teacher.

Paragraph 2 points out the evil consequences, manifestations, and reasons for not practicing the teacher, and criticizes the wrong attitude of not paying attention to the teacher and the bad atmosphere of shame in the teacher. This paragraph is discussed in three layers using a comparative approach. The first layer compares the "saints of the past" from the teacher with the shame of the "people of today" with the teacher, pointing out that whether or not to respect the teacher is the key to the division between the saints and the fools; the second layer, thinking that the son chooses the teacher and not following the teacher himself, points out the fallacy of "primary school and great legacy"; the third layer, comparing the people of the witch doctor and musician and the family of the scholar and the doctor, criticizes the atmosphere of contempt for the teacher in society at that time.

Paragraph 3 uses Confucius's words and deeds towards teachers to illustrate the attitude that a teacher should have, and to clarify the relationship between teaching and learning, as well as the truth that the able are teachers.

Paragraph 4 praises Li Pan for being "not limited to the times" and "being able to walk the ancient path", explaining the reason for writing this article.

3． Getaway

Zhuangzi

There is a fish in the north, and its name is Kun. The size of the carp is unknown to thousands of miles; it is transformed into a bird, and its name is Peng.

Peng's back, I don't know how many thousands of miles it is; it flies with anger, and its wings are like clouds hanging in the sky. It is a bird, and the sea will migrate to the South ,—— the South ,——, the Tenchi also. "Harmonic" people, zhi weird people also. The words of the "Harmony" say: "Peng's migration to the South Meditation, the water strikes three thousand miles, the one who shakes up is ninety thousand miles, and the one who goes to rest in June is also." "Wild horses also, dust also, creatures blow with breath also." The heavens of heaven, its right and evil? Is it far away and nothing is extremely evil? It is also seen below, and if it is, it is already enough. And if the accumulation of water is not thick, then its negative boat is also powerless. If the cup of water is on the top of the col, then the mustard is the boat, and the cup is glued, and the water is shallow and the boat is large. The accumulation of the wind is not thick, and its negative wings are also weak. Therefore, ninety thousand miles, then the wind is under the bottom, and then it is the present peifeng; the one who carries the blue sky, and the mo who dies, and then the present general Tunan. Xuan and Xue Dove laughed: "I decided to fly, grab the elm and stop, the time will not come, but control the ground, Xi for ninety thousand miles and south?" "Those who are suitable for recklessness, three meals instead, the belly is still true; those who are suitable for a hundred miles, the grain of sustenance; those who are suitable for a thousand miles, gather grain in March." What do you know about the second worm!

Small knowledge is not as good as big knowledge, and small years are not as good as big years. What do you know? Asagiri do not know obscurity, cockroaches do not know spring and autumn, this small year also. In the south of Chu, there are spirits, with five hundred years old as spring and five hundred years as autumn; in ancient times, there were great chun, with eight thousand years as spring and eight thousand years as autumn, and this big year is also. And Peng Zu is now known for a long time, and everyone is matched, and they are not sad! Yu no No.1 is also already. In the north of the poor hair, there are the Dark Sea People, and the Heavenly Pond also. There are fish yan, which are thousands of miles wide, and no one knows its cultivators, whose name is Kun. There is a bird, whose name is Peng, whose back is like Mount Tai, whose wings are like clouds hanging in the sky, who are holding the horns of the sheep and going up to ninety thousand miles, who are absolutely cloudy, who are negative in the blue sky, and then tunan, and who are suitable for the south of meditation. Sneering, he said, "He and Xi Shiye?" I leapt up, but a few bucks down, soaring between the basalt, and so did I. And the other and Xi Shiye? "This little big argument also.

The old husband knows that he is an official, and his deeds are better than a township, and he who conquers a country also regards himself as well. And Song Rongzi laughed. And the world's reputation without persuasion, the world's non-judgment without discouragement, the distinction between inside and outside, and the debate between honor and disgrace, have been completed. He is in the world, and he has not counted it. Although, there is no tree yet. Fu Liezi walked against the wind, and there were five days in the tenth and then reversed. He who is blessed is not counted. Although this is not necessary, it is still waiting for those who are waiting. If the husband takes advantage of the righteousness of heaven and earth, and the debate of the six qi, to swim in the infinite, he is evil? Therefore, it is said that the supreme man has no self, the god and man have no merit, and the saint has no name.

North Sea: North Sea. Meditation: Through "Ming", the sea. Kūn: The legendary big fish.

Fly in anger: Fly with your wings. Anger: Striving, refers to the flapping of wings. Hanging Clouds: Clouds hanging in the sky.

Sea freight: sea movement. In ancient times, there was a saying of "June sea movement". There will be strong winds in the sea, and there will be strong winds and birds that can borrow the wind and go south. Tianchi: A large naturally formed pool.

Qi Harmonic: Book Title, Book of Qi Guo Hai Harmonic. Zhi Wei: Record strange things. Zhi: Recorded.

Two sentences of "tuán" are two sentences: Flying tens of thousands of miles in the air with a whirlwind ring, and relying on the june wind to leave. Flip: Fly up in a circle. Fu Shao: Whirlwind. Nine: Table imaginary numbers, not real fingers. Go: Leave. To: use, rely on. Breath: Breath, here refers to the wind.

"Wild horses also" three sentences: the fog in the mountains, the dust in the air, are the result of the creatures blowing with their breath. Wild Horses: Swimming fog. In the spring, the fog in the mountain swamp rushes like a wild horse, so it is called "wild horse". Blow: Blow.

Ao Tang: A low-lying place on the church. Mustard: Grass. Glue: Sticky, pointing to the ground.

S: Then, just. And then it's now: and then it starts. PEI: Bye.

è: Blocked. Tunan: Plans to fly south.

Decision: Fast look. Grab: Touch, touch. Elm: Elm and sandalwood. Xi Yi... For: Indicates a rhetorical question, which is equivalent to "where to use... It's.". TO: To. South: Southbound. KEY: Towards. Mang cang: A suburban scene, referring to the suburbs. Sure enough: very full look. Grain gathering in March: Reserve dry food three months before departure. J: This. Two worms: refers to tiáo and dove. Worm: Ancient generic animal. Zhi (zhì): Tong "wisdom". Year: Lifespan. The second sentence of "Asahi (zhāo) fungus" says: Asagiri does not know the time change of January, and the time of the month does not know the time change of the mantis (huì) (ɡū). Asagiri: A large Zhi, Chao Sheng, see the sun is dead. Obscure: The last day of each month in the lunar calendar. Shuo: The first day of each month in the lunar calendar. Cockroaches: cold cicadas, spring birth and summer death, summer life and autumn death. Spring and Autumn: Refers to the four seasons. Pluto: The name of the tree. Peng Zu: Legend has it that he was a minister of Yao, and his name was Hao, who lived for eight hundred years. Special: Exclusive. SMELL: Known. PI: Than. Yes: that's it. Yes: pronouns, like this. Already: Pass "矣". Poor Hair: The legendary barren and barren land of no vegetation. Hair: Hair, refers to grass and trees. Horns: Whirlwind. The whirlwind swirls upwards like a ram's horn. Absolutely: Straight up and through. Clouds: Clouds. Basil: Two grass names. Pong: Flying canopy. Artemisia: Artemisia annua. Fly to: The maximum limit of flying. This small big argument is also: this is the difference between small and big. Debate: Pass the "discernment", the difference. Efficacy: Efficacy, which here means "competent". Ratio: Close. And to conquer a country: the ability to make the people of a country trust. And: through "can", talent. Sign: Letter, here is the meaning of "to win the trust". The second sentence of "Fixed" (Song Rongzi) recognizes the difference between self and external objects, and distinguishes the boundaries of honor and disgrace. Fixed: Recognize. S. S. That's it. "He is in the world" two sentences: He is in the world, he does not pursue anything. Bich: Two pronouns superimposed. Count (shuò) Count: the look of desperate pursuit. "Ride on the righteousness of heaven and earth" two sentences: conform to the nature of all things in heaven and earth, and control the changes of the six qi. Positive: As opposed to the "argument" (change) of the next sentence. Argument: Pass "change". The six qi: yin, yang, wind, rain, obscurity, and light. Wū: By what? That is, there is nothing to wait for. Evil: Ho. Zhiren: Zhuangzi considers the most cultivated person. The following "gods and men" and "saints" have similar meanings. Selflessness: No self, that is, I do not divide things. Reactive: Doing nothing, therefore no utilitarian. Nameless: Not named.

The Getaway is a masterpiece of Zhuangzi's philosophical thought. The whole text is exquisitely conceived, good at combining imagination and reality, good at combining dialogue and exposition, good at combining irony and analysis, attracting reading while thinking, thinking while reading, reading at the same time, reading with endless taste.

In terms of conception, the whole text arranges three parts around the escape, namely, metaphor, explanation, and expression. In the parable, the fact that neither the xue and the xue dove are ignorant and flying by the wind, each shows a form of arrogance and pride; turning to the second part of the exposition, the high-ranking officials and nobles in politics show their talents mediocrely, as small and pitiful as a bird, and finally propose to rely on open-mindedness and nothingness to achieve the realm of selflessness, non-merit, and nameless freedom and nothingness. That's what the author is writing for.

4． Afang Gongfu

Du Mu

Six Kings Bi, Four Seas one, Shu Shan Wu, A Fang out. Covered for more than 300 miles, isolated day and day. Lishan mountain is structured in the north and turned west, going straight to Xianyang. The two rivers dissolve and flow into the palace wall. Five steps on the first floor, ten steps and one pavilion; the porch waist is back, the eaves are high and pecked; each holds the terrain and hooks and corners. Coiled, indwelled, lobed, immense, I don't know how many tens of millions of them have fallen. Long bridge lying wave, not cloud he long? The road is empty, not To Ji He Hong? High and low, do not know the west and east. The song stage is warm and the spring light is melting; the dance hall is cold sleeves, and the wind and rain are miserable. Within a day, between one house, and the climate is uneven.

Concubine Concubine, the prince and grandson, resigned from the lower hall and came to Qin. ChaoGe Night Strings, for the Qin Palace people. Star screen, open makeup mirror also; green cloud disturbance, comb Xiao Beard also; Wei Liu is greasy, discarded fat water also; smoke oblique fog horizontal, burning pepper orchid also. The thunder was startled, and the palace car passed by; the dragon listened from afar, and did not know what it was. One muscle and one face, extremely beautiful, standing far-sighted, and looking lucky. There are those who are not seen, thirty-six years. The collection of Yan Zhao, the management of Han Wei, the elite of Qi Chu, for several years, plundered its people, and leaned on it like a mountain. Once you can't have it, you lose in between. Ding bell jade, gold nuggets and gravel, discarded and thrown, the Qin people regard it, and they do not pity it.

Woohoo! The heart of one person, the heart of millions of people also. Qin loves luxuries, and people also miss his home. Why take all the baht and use it like mud and sand? Make the pillar of the negative building more than the farmer of the southern acre; the rafters of the beams are more than the workers on the machine; the nail-headed phosphorus and phosphorus are more than the millet grains in the yu; the tiles are jagged, more than the wisps around the body; the straight railings are horizontal, more than the city of the nine earths; the orchestra is dumb, more than the words of the city people. Let the people of the world dare not speak and dare to be angry. The heart of a single husband is becoming more and more arrogant. Shu Shu shouted, Han Gu Ju, Chu people a torch, poor scorched earth!

alack! Those who destroy the Six Kingdoms are also non-Qin, and those who destroy the Six Kingdoms are also Qin, and those who are qin are not under the heavens. Woohoo! If each of the six kingdoms loves his people, it is enough to reject Qin; if Qin fu loves the six kingdoms, he will be given the third generation to become a king in all lifetimes, and who will have to destroy the clan? The Qin people do not have time to mourn for themselves, and the posterity mourns; the posterity mourns and does not learn from it, and also makes the posterity mourn the future generations.

The four sentences of "Six Kings Bi": The Six Kingdoms have perished, the world has been unified, the mountains of Sichuan have been bare, and the Afang Palace has appeared. Six Kings: The kings of the six kingdoms of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, and Wei, i.e. the Six Kingdoms. Bi: It's over, it means that it was destroyed by the Qin State. One: Unification. Vulture: The mountain is high and flat. It describes the mountain as having been cut down. Out: Appears, meaning built.

Covering more than 300 miles: (from Weinan to Xianyang) covers more than 300 miles. Describe the palace pavilions as one after another, covering an extremely wide area. Overburden: Cover.

Quarantine Days: Obscuring the Days. This is to describe the tallness of the palace pavilions.

Structure: Verb, build a house. GO: Trend.

Erchuan: Refers to Weishui and Fanchuan. Dissolving: The appearance of a slow flow of river water.

Corridor waist back: The corridor is wide and winding. Porch waist: A corridor that connects tall buildings, like a human waist. MAN: Haunting. Back: Zigzag.

Eaves pecking: (protruding) eaves (like a bird's beak) pout upwards. Eaves: The eaves protrude like teeth.

Hook heart bucket angle: refers to the jagged structure of the uterus, exquisite craftsmanship. Hook heart: Refers to the various buildings that are gathered towards the central area. Half-angle: Refers to the corners of the house facing each other, as if fighting each other.

Disc: The way it spirals. Qūn qūn: A zigzag whirlwind.

Tall: Describes the way a building stands tall. "Long bridge lying wave" two sentences: the long bridge lies on the water, there is no cloud how (appeared) dragon? The I Ching has the phrase "the cloud from the dragon", so people think that if there is a dragon, there should be a cloud. This is a pretentious question to describe the long bridge as a dragon. Psychic: I can't tell the difference. Harmony: Harmony. Cold sleeves: Because the dance sleeves flutter, it seems to bring cold. Concubine (yìnɡ qiánɡ): Refers to the concubine of the six princes. They have their own ranks (concubines are of higher rank than concubines and concubines). A concubine is a dowry person, and may also become a concubine or concubine. Prince And Grandson: Refers to the daughter and granddaughter of the six princes. Disturbance: The appearance of chaos. Beard: Ancient women's ring-shaped buns. Greasy: A (layer) of grease paste ("fat water" for washing the face containing rouge and incense powder) has been raised. Listening: The sound of the car is getting farther and farther away. Rutting: The sound of a car. KEY: Far-reaching, gone. YEON: Beautiful. MANI: Kuritsu. Luck: In the feudal era, the emperor went somewhere and called it "Lucky". Concubines and concubines were favored by the emperor and were called "lucky". Collection: Refers to the collection of gold and jade treasures and other objects. The "management" and "elite" below also refer to gold and jade jewelry and other things. Piāo plunders his people: snatches them from the people. PLAGIAR: Looting, looting. People: People. "Chēnɡ jade" two sentences: think of Baoding as an iron pot, jade as stone, gold as a block of earth, and pearls as stones. Bell: A shallow pan with a flat bottom. Lǐ yǐ: Continuously. Zī zhū: Ancient units of weight, one beryllium equals six baht, and one baht is equal to about one twenty-fourth of the later one or two. The use of beryllium and baht is extremely subtle. Phosphorus: The appearance of stones protruding in water. Here are the prominent nail heads described. 庾 (yǔ): An open-air barn. Dufu: A ruler who has lost his heart and is extremely isolated. This refers to Qin Shi Huang. Stubborn: Stubborn. Shu Gong (戍卒) refers to the uprising of Chen Shi and Wu Guang. Lifting: pulling, attacking. "Make Qin Fu love the people of the Six Kingdoms" Three sentences: If the Qin State cherishes the people of the Six Kingdoms, it can be passed on to the third and even the ten thousand generations and become an emperor, who can destroy it? Pass: Pass, passed down in order.

"A Fang Gong Fu" is a Tang Dynasty literary scholar Du Mu's creation of a fu style essay borrowed from the ancient satire of the present. By describing the construction of the Afang Palace and its destruction, Du Mu vividly summed up the historical experience of the rulers of the Qin Dynasty who were arrogant and extravagant, issued a warning to the rulers of the Tang Dynasty, and showed the feelings of an upright literati in the feudal era who was worried about the country and the people, and Kuang Shi Ji customs. The whole text uses imagination, metaphor and exaggeration, as well as description, layout and discussion, and the sentences are scattered and staggered.

In terms of content structure, this assignment has four paragraphs:

Paragraph 1, write about the majesty of the Afang Palace.

Paragraph 2, writing about the beauties and treasures in the Afang Palace, exposes the extravagant life of the rulers of the Qin Dynasty, and sets an ambush for the following discussion.

Paragraph 3, which shifts from description to discussion, shows the original intent of this essay.

Paragraph 4 summarizes the historical lessons of the Six Kingdoms and the fall of Qin, and warns the rulers of the world.

5． Chibi Fu

Su shi

In the autumn of Nongshu, in July, SuZi and the guests swam under the Chibi. The breeze is gentle, and the water waves are not happy. Lift up the wine to the guest, recite the poem of the bright moon, and sing the chapter of the song. Shao Yan, the moon rises above the East Mountain, hovering between the bulls. White dew crosses the river, and the water and light meet the sky. As long as a reed is, Ling Wan is dazed. Hao Hao is like Feng Fei Yu Feng, and does not know what it is; fluttering is like a relic of independence, feathering and ascending to the immortal.

So he drank and sang. The song says: "Gui Zhuo Xi Lan Paddle, Strike the Ming Xi Trace Streamer." Slim to the heart, look forward to the beauty of the sky. "There are those who blow holes, and they rely on songs and harmonize them. Its voice is whimpering, like resentment, like crying, and the afterglow is endless, like a wisp. The diving dragon of the dancing valley, the weeping widow of the lonely boat.

Su Zi was worried, and was sitting precariously and asked the guest, "What is it?" "The guest said: "'The moon star is rare, and the black magpie flies south.'" 'Is this not the poetry of Cao Mengde? Looking west to Xiakou, east to Wuchang, mountains and rivers to Miao, Yu Hu Cang, this non-Meng De trapped in Zhou Lang? Fang Qi broke Jingzhou, XiaJiangling, down the river and east also, the ship thousands of miles, the flag covered the air, the wine linjiang, the horizontal hammer fu poetry, Gu I No. Ichi's Xiongye, and now An Zaizai? Yu wu and zi fishing trees on the river, fish and shrimp and friends elk, driving a leaf flat boat, holding a bottle to belong to each other. Sending ephemera to heaven and earth, a millet in the sea. Mourning the beard of my life, envying the infinity of the Yangtze River. Flying Immortals travel and hold the bright moon and end up long. Knowing that it is not sudden, it will be left behind in the wind of sorrow. ”

Su Ziyue: "Ke Yi Zhi Fu Shui and Yue Hu? The deceased is like si, but not the past; the surplus is like the other, and the pawn is like the long. Gai will look at it from its change, then the heavens and the earth will not be able to look at it in an instant; from its unchanging one, then things and I will be endless, and what envy! And between the heavens and the earth, each thing has its own Master, and it is not my own, although there is nothing to be gained. But the breeze on the river, and the bright moon in the mountains, the sound of the ear, the color of the eyes, the forbidden, the inexhaustible use, is the endless treasure of the Creator, and I am compatible with the Son. ”

The guest laughed happily, and the washing cup was more drinky. The nucleus of the dish is exhausted, and the cup and plate are in disarray. In the boat, I don't know the whiteness of the East.

Hope: After the day of hope (the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar), it refers to the sixteenth day of the lunar calendar.

Zhǔ guest: Raise your glass and persuade the guest to drink. Genus: This refers to persuading people to drink alcohol.

Shao Yan: For a moment. Bullfighting: Fighting and Bull fighting are both star names.

"White dew across the river" two sentences: white vast water vapor shrouded the river surface, the waves and the starry sky connected.

Let the reeds drift away. Long: Ren. A reed: Refers to a small boat (the metaphor boat is very small, like a reed leaf). Quote from the "Book of Poetry, Wei Feng, Heguang": "Whoever weihe guang, a reed Hang (hang) it." "Such as: Towards.

Ling Wanqing was dazed: crossing the vast river. Ling: Cross. Wanqing: Refers to the vast surface of the river. Dazed: The look of a distant future.

Feng (pínɡ): Pass "by", multiply. Virtual: Space. YU: Driving.

Two sentences of "independence from the afterlife": get out of the world and ascend into the wonderland. Feathering: Legend has it that immortals can soar, like wings.

Buckle: Knock on the side of the boat, pointing to the beat. Port: Both sides of the boat.

Zhào (zhào) Wulan paddle: A paddle made of laurel trees, a paddle made of mulan. 棹: A rowing tool, shaped like an oar. Emptiness: Refers to the clear waves under the moonlight. Retrospective: Going up against the current. Streamer: Moonlight floating on the river. I thought very far in my heart. Obscurity: The look of a long distance. Leaning Song: According to the tone and beat of the song. Leaning: Follow, follow. And: Simultaneously corresponding, singing and. "Aftersound" two sentences: the epilogue is poignant, gentle, and long, like a constant filament. Yuan: Describe the voice as gentle and long. WISP: Filament. Two sentences of "Dancing In the Valley": The sound of the flute made the dragon in the deep valley dance, and the widow sitting alone in the lone boat listen to the tears. Gullies: Deep valleys. Lí woman: Widow. Qiǎo(愀ǎo) How it looks: The appearance of the color change. Sitting: Sit upright. Why is this (sadness)? "Mountains and rivers xiangmiao (liáo)" two sentences: describe the landscape surrounded by greenery. Miao: Swirling, coiling. Bottom: Capture. Zhúlú: The combination of bow and stern, refers to a vessel that meets end to end. Shī (酾) wine: pour wine. Horizontal Poetry: Horizontal Spear Poetry (Cao Cao's poem is "Short Song Line"). Hammer: Spear. Fishing trees on the river (zhǔ): fishing and chopping wood by the river. Fishing trees: Fishing and chopping wood. Nagisa: Small continents in the river. One leaf: Describe the boat as small. 匏 (páo) bottle: A wine vessel made of gourd. ANT: Gourd. "Sending ephemera" two sentences: like an ephemera in the vast world, as small as a grain of corn in the sea. Fú yóu : A small flying insect that grows at the water's edge in summer and autumn and has a short survival period, and the ancients said that it died at dusk. It is used here as a metaphor for the shortness of life. Sudden gain: Count, get repeatedly. Aftersound: Aftersound, finger sound. The four sentences of "The deceased are like this": The water that flows away is like this (constantly flowing), but it does not flow away; the (moon) that is missing when it is round is like that (constantly round and absent), but finally there is no increase or decrease. This means that although the water flows away, the water is still water; although the moon is round and missing, the moon is still the moon. DEAD: Past. SS: This, here, refers to water. WIN: Full. Virtual: Lacking. Peter: Well, here it means the moon. PAWN: Exactly. Consumption: Reduction and growth. Words out of the "Analects of Zihan". "It is the endless treasure of the Creator (zànɡ)" two sentences: This is the endless treasure of nature, and you and I can enjoy it together. Creator: Originally meant "heaven", which is now called "nature". Endless Hidden: From the Buddhist language, "Endless Hidden Sea" (like the power of the sea encompasses all things). KEY: Here's what it means to enjoy. Cores: dishes and fruits. Wolf: Messy. Phase and pillow (jiè): Pillow each other. White: Has appeared white (referring to the dawn).

"Chibi Fu" is an essay written by the Northern Song Dynasty writer Su Shi, which is a famous passage in the history of ancient Chinese literature. The whole text is based on scenery, "wind" and "moon" are the mainstay, "mountain" and "water" are supplemented, and the whole text closely follows the wind and the moon to carry out description and discussion. The opening volume is opened with the scenery of the wind and the moon, and the image of the wind and the moon is repeatedly reproduced in the text, showing the complex process of the author's soul from contradiction and sadness to transcendence and sublimation.

The first paragraph is written about the scene of the night tour of Chibi.

In the second paragraph, the joy of the writer drinking and singing and the sad sound of the guests.

Paragraph 3, write the guest's lament about the shortness and impermanence of life.

In the 4th paragraph, Su Shi expresses his views on the impermanence of the guest's life in order to forgive the other party.

In the 5th paragraph, after listening to the author's conversation, the writer turned from sadness to joy and drank happily, "The picture and the pillow are in the boat, and I don't know the whiteness of the East." According to the beginning, the pleasure of travel is written, and as forgetting the realm of gain and loss, transcending things.

Fang Bao, an ancient scholar of the Qing Dynasty, commented on this article: "There is no unique person who sees it, and the literary realm is unattainable, the good is idle, the chest is free of debris, the touch is exposed, the consideration is full, and I don't know why it is so." But others cannot imitate it, and even if Zi Zhan is more so, he cannot be so adaptable and smooth. Su Shi expressed his frank mind through various artistic techniques, and only by forgetting his gains and losses and being open-minded could he write the "Chibi Fu" that was "unattainable in the literary realm".

6． "Poetry Classic, National Style"

The worm of the mound, holding the cloth silk. Bandits come to trade silk, come to me. Send the son wading in Ki, as for Dunqiu. Bandit me for a long time, and there is no good medium. There will be no anger, and the autumn will last.

Ride on the wall in the hope of returning. There was no return, and there were tears and tears. Seeing the repetition, laughing and saying. Erbul, no guilt. Come with a car, bribe me.

Mulberry has not fallen, its leaf Wo Ruo. Yu Yu Dove, no food mulberry! Yu Yu Nu Xi, no delay with the soldiers! The delay of the soldiers can be said to be also. Women are shy, can't say also!

Mulberry falls, its yellow and meteorite. Self-wandering, three years old food poor. Qishui soup soup, gradually car drapery. Women are also not happy, and the soldiers are second to their own. Soldiers are also reckless, two or three virtues.

She was a woman at the age of three and worked hard. Sleep at night, and be in a good mood. As for the violence. The brother did not know, and laughed. Quietly think about it, bow down to mourn.

And Er with old age, old make me resentful. Ki has a shore, and a pan has a pan. The feast of the horns, smiling and smiling. Take the oath and don't think about it. On the contrary, I don't think about it, and I have already done it!

氓: Min, here refers to the hero in the poem. Clam: The look of loyalty. As soon as he said it, he said "snort" and laughed and giggled.

Holding cloth trade silk: Take the cloth to exchange for silk.

"Bandits come to trade silk" two sentences: it is not really to change the silk, come to me to discuss the marriage. Bandit: Pass "no", no. i.e.: just.

Bandit me: It's not that I deliberately delay time. SAD: Procrastination.

"The son will not be angry" two sentences: Please don't be angry, just set autumn as our wedding date. WILL: Yes, please.

Multiply: Climb aboard. Fuguan: A place in Weiguo, the two "fuguans" in the following refer to the person who lives in Fuguan.

"I don't see the compound pass" two sentences: I didn't see the double pass, and the tears fell down. DR: Tears.

Load: Verb prefix, meaningless.

Two sentences of "Erb err Zheng": You use turtle plates for divination, and you use yarrow for divination, there is no unlucky omen. 筮: Use the stem of the yarrow to occupy the gua. Body: The Gua Xiang of Bu Zheng. BLAME: Disaster.

"Eyre chariot" two sentences: You use the car to pick me up, and I will take my belongings and marry you. Bribery: Property.

"Mulberry has not yet fallen" two sentences: when the mulberry tree has not yet fallen, its leaves are fresh and moist. Wojo: Moisturizing look.

Two sentences of "Yu Yu Dove": A metaphor for a woman not to be in love. Yu: Exclamations. Yu: Pass "woo".

Taxi: A generic term for men. TAM: Addiction.

Two sentences of "Soldier's Delay": Men indulge in love and can still get out. Say: Pass "off".

Two sentences of "self-wandering": Since I married into your family, I have lived a poor life for many years. KEY: Towards. Food poverty: refers to living in poverty.

Soup: The appearance of the water is very large. Gradually: splash wet, soak wet.

"Women are not happy" two sentences: women are not at fault, but men's behavior is inconsistent. Cool: Wrong. 2: Not single-minded, there are two hearts.

"Shi is also reckless" two sentences: the man's love is not fixed, and his feelings change again and again. Pole: Standard.

JING: None, no. Room labor: Hard work at home.

"Dreaming of sleep at night" two sentences: get up early and go to bed late, there is no day that is not like this. Su Xing: Get up early. Night sleep: sleep late. Dynasty: One dynasty (one day). Two sentences: (Your wish) has been fulfilled, and evil has risen. SUI: Smooth, satisfied. Violent: Vicious. "Brothers don't know" two sentences: My brothers don't understand (my situation), they all laugh at me! Blah: Laughs. BOW: Self. CONDOLENCES: Sad. Two sentences: (Originally) with you white head to old age, but (now) the desire of white head to old age makes me resentful. "Ki has a shore" two sentences: Qi water (no matter how wide) always has a shore, low-humidity depression (no matter how big) also has a side. It means that everything has certain limitations, reflecting the fickleness of men. Kushi: A place of low humidity. Pan: Through the "bank", the border shore. "Feast of the Horns" two sentences: When they were teenagers, they played happily together and laughed freely. In ancient times, young men and women tied their hair into a bun, called the general horn, and later used the "total horn" to refer to the juvenile era. Feast: Happy. Yan Yan: Describe the appearance of happiness. "On the contrary, you don't think" two sentences: you break your oath and don't remember your old feelings, then forget it! Yes: This, referring to the oath. Has: Stopped, closed. 焉,哉: Both are mood words.

The structure of the poem is adapted to its storyline and the stirring emotions of the author's narration. The poem consists of six chapters of ten sentences each. It is mainly endowment, and it also uses Bixing.

The first and second chapters are recounting, and the first chapter describes his encounter with his first love. In the second chapter, it is narrated that he fell into a love network, broke through the shackles of the media's words and married the widow. At this point, the poet narrates that the emotions are extremely intense, and the mixture of grief and regret interrupts the narrative. In the third chapter, she presents herself to a group of young and beautiful naïve girls to exhort them not to indulge in love, and points out the inequality between men and women. In the fourth chapter, expressing resentment towards the negativity of the mound, she points out that it is not the woman's fault, but the capriciousness of the motility. The fifth chapter, which continues with a recounting of her marital labor, abuse, and self-inflicted self-inflicted misfortune through her brother's ridicule. The sixth chapter describes the friendship between the young and the deviation of today, denounces the hypocrisy and deception of the rogue, and resolutely states that the relationship between the two of them is cut off emotionally. These are all reproductions of the heroine's experience, inner activities, and emotional changes, and the structure is strict and neat, forming a moving poem throughout the ages.

The tone of this poem is sonorous and natural, full of true feelings. The poem uses a lot of overlapping adjectives such as "蚩蚩蚩", "Lian Lian", "Tang Tang", "Yan Yan", "Dan Dan", etc., which not only play a role in sound and appearance, but also strengthen the musicality of the poem. Most of the chapters of the folk songs of the Book of Poetry are sung in duplicate chapters. The poems of "Hao" are complex in feelings, the narrative is tortuous, and they are divided into chapters and not sung again, which is rare in the folk songs of "National Wind".

7． Off the beaten path

Qu yuan

Long breath to cover up the sniffles, mourning the many hardships of the people's lives. Although Yu is good at repairing and restraining, he is in the middle of the night. It is not only for Yu Yixi, but also for Shen Zhi to win the cocoon. He is also good in his heart, and although he has died nine times, he still has no regrets. The vastness of the spiritual cultivation will not detect the hearts of the people in the end. The women were jealous of Yu's moths, and the rumors said that Yu was good at adultery. The work of fixing the customs of the times is skillful, and the rules are corrected. The back rope ink is chased, and the competition is considered to be a degree. Yu Yu Yu Yu Was depressed, and I was poor and poor at this time. Ning Shu died in exile, and Yu couldn't bear to be in this state! The birds are not herded, since the past life. Who can do it? Who is at peace with each other? Bend your heart and suppress your will, endure and criticize. Fu Qing was innocent of death, and the former saint was thick.

If you do not repent, you will rebel against me. The car is back to the road, and the confusion is not far away. Step yu ma yu lang gao xi, chi pepper hill and stop. If you can't enter or leave, you will retreat to restore my first clothes. The lotus is thought to be clothed, and the set hibiscus is thought to be clothed. I don't know that he is also dead, but he still loves his faith. The precariousness of the high yu crown, the land of the long yu pei. Fang and Zeqi are mixed, but zhao is still not lost. Ignoring the gaze, you will look at the four wildernesses. Pei Bin is full of its ornaments, and Fang Fei Fei is its mi zhang. The people's livelihood is happy, and Yu Du is good at repairing it. Although I have not changed my mind, how can I be punished?

Kuā : Clean and beautiful. (jī) bondage: metaphorically refers to bondage, constraint. : Horse reins. Bondage: Horse cage head. 謇 (jiǎn): The beginning of a sentence in the ancient Chu language. Slander: Slander. Substitution: Obsolete, derogatory.

"Both for Yu" two sentences: both because I used incense as a dress and deposed me, and because I collected Bai Zhi and charged me. For: Abandoned. Hui: The name of vanilla, also called "lavender", commonly known as "Perrin". (xiānɡ): Wear. Shin: Plus. WIN: Collection. Chǎi: The name of vanilla, i.e. Bai Zhi. Hui and Lan: Metaphors for noble virtues.

Spirituality: Immortal, here refers to the King of Huai. Hiroshi: Absurd, no guidelines.

"The women are jealous" two sentences: Many women are jealous of my beautiful moth eyebrows, slandering me for doing lascivious things. Women: Metaphor refers to many villains. Moth Eyebrow: Metaphor refers to noble virtue. Zhuó: Rumor-mongering, slander. Obscenity: Lasciviousness.

"Fixed time and custom" two sentences: the world is originally suitable for opportunism, contrary to the rules and arbitrarily change. Gu: Originally. Customs: Secular. Craftsmanship: Good at trickery. miǎn: Back to the side, by extension disobedience. Wrong: Pass the "measure", the measure.

"Back rope ink" two sentences: contrary to the criterion and arbitrarily distorted ah, competing to please the gouge to people to practice the law. Rope ink: the tool used by carpenters to draw straight lines, commonly known as ink buckets, figuratively standards and guidelines. Zhou Rong: Gou He took the rong. Degree: Law, criterion.

Tún: Melancholy. Yuyi: Through "depression", sorrow and depression. Charlie: The look of frustration. Poverty: (The road) is blocked, which means desperate.

Kè death: Sudden death. 溘: Suddenly, I'm stunked.

"What square circle (yuán)" two sentences: where is the circle chisel and the square (ruì) can be combined? Where is the difference that can be reconciled? Square circle: square and round, square fir (mortise) and round chisel (mortise). Circle: Pass "circle". JC: Huh. Who: Ho. Heterodox: Different ways.

"Qu Xin" two sentences: suffer from grievances and suppress the will, endure scolding and insults. YU: Scolding. KEY: Endure. 诟 (ɡòu): Insult. "Fu Qingbai" two sentences: Maintain innocence and dedicate yourself to the right path, which was originally admired by the ancient sages. Volt: Keep, hold. "Repentance" two sentences: Regret that I did not see clearly when I chose the path, I stood for a long time and wanted to return. Phase: Observe, select a path. YON: Long time. KEY: Kuritsu. Anti: Returns. Two sentences of "back to the car": turn my car back to the original road, and it is not far to get lost. 朕: First-person pronoun (since Qin Shi Huang has been dedicated to the title of emperor). Re-routing: Back to the original road. And: Take advantage. Line fan: Lost. STEP: Slow down. Yu Ma: My carriage, the "chariot" of the previous festival. Langao: Waterside highlands with orchids. Pepper Hill: A hill with pepper trees. CHI: Run. YAN: Yu Pi, there. Rest: Stop and rest. Not entering: Not used by the king. Away: Pass "materiel", suffer. First dress: Refers to the clothing before the debut, figuratively comparing the original ambition. "I don't know" two sentences: I don't know me, as long as my heart is really beautiful. Not knowing: that is, "not knowing me". It's already dirty, and it's already done. LETTER: Exactly. FANG: Beautiful. GOU: Just. Zhao: The essence of light and purity. "Suddenly look back" two sentences: suddenly look back and look at the distance, will look at the vast land in all directions. REGURK: Look back. Tour: Look around. Four Wildernesses: Refers to the vast land. "Pei Colorful" two sentences: Wearing colorful costumes, The fragrance of Fifi is more significant. Colorful: a lot. Decoration: Numerous ornaments. Fang Feifei: The fragrance of clothing is strong. Mizhang: More obvious. Chapter: Tong "Zhang". Good cultivation: love of beauty, metaphorical self-cultivation. Think it's normal: Think it's the norm. "Although the body is dissolved" two sentences: even if I am dismembered, I will not change, can my ambition be changed by frustration? Punishment: Change due to trauma.

"Leaving Sorrow" is a magnificent poem forged by Qu Yuan with his ideals, encounters, pains, and enthusiasm, so that his entire life has been melted, which shines with the distinctive personality of the poet, which is the first time in the history of Chinese literature. The creation of "Departure" is both rooted in reality and full of fantasy. The poem makes extensive use of ancient myths and legends, through extremely rich imagination and association, and adopts the writing method of extravagant description, intertwining real characters, historical figures and mythological figures, intertwining the earth and heaven, the human world and the illusion, the past and the present, forming a magnificent and peculiar, brilliant and colorful fantasy world, thus producing a strong artistic charm. In the poem, a large number of "vanilla beauty" Bixing techniques are used to vividly and vividly express the abstract nature of consciousness and complex reality relationships.

"Leaving the Riot" is also a passionate political lyric poem, an artistic masterpiece that combines realism and romanticism. Some of the fragments in the poem reflect the historical facts of the time. However, the expression completely adopts the method of romanticism: not only the use of mythological and legendary materials, but also a large number of Bixing techniques, with flowers, plants, birds and birds to pin affection, "with feelings as the inside, with things as the surface, depression and resentment" (Liu Shipei's "Miscellaneous Papers"). The metaphorical symbols used by the poet are based on the background of traditional culture, so they always give people a sense of exhaustion and endless meaning.

8． Shu Road is difficult

Li bai

Whoops, whoops, whoops! The difficulty of the Shu Dao is difficult to go to the Qingtian! Silkworm bushes and fish, how dazed to open the country! Erlai is forty-eight thousand years old, and is not inhabited by Qin Saitong. Xidang Taibai has a bird path, which can cross the peak of Emei. The earth avalanche mountain destroyed the heroes to death, and then the ladder stone stacks were hooked together. There is a high standard of the six dragons returning to the sun on the top, and there is a return to the river with a reverse wave on the bottom. The flight of the Yellow Crane was still unavoidable, and the ape was eager to climb to the rescue. Green mud and plate, 100 steps and nine folds haunting rocks. He sighed on his back and sat with his hands caressed.

Q When will Jun Xiyou still be there? The rocks are unattainable. But see the sad bird ancient wood, male flying female from around the forest. And smell the rules of the night moon, worry about the empty mountain. The difficulty of the Shu Dao is difficult to go to the qingtian, so that people can listen to this withered Zhu Yan! Lian Feng went to the sky and did not rise to the feet, and the dry pine hung upside down on the cliff. The turbulent waterfalls are noisy, and the cliffs turn into rocks and thunder. The danger is also the same, and the people who are far away are fooling around!

The Sword Pavilion is magnificent and Cui Wei is a husband and wife, and everything is not open. The guards or bandits turn into wolves and jackals. Avoid the tiger, avoid the long snake, grind your teeth and suck blood, and kill people like hemp. Although Jincheng is happy, it is better to return home early. The difficulty of the Shu Dao, it is difficult to go to the qingtian, sideways to the west to look at the long consultation!

Yī xū xī: All three words are exclamations.

Silkworm bush and fish (fú): Both are the names of the ancient Shu kings. Dazed: Completely unaware.

Cross: Flyby. Peak: The top of the mountain.

"There are six dragons on it" two sentences: above there are high peaks that force the sun god's car to turn around, and below there are rippling rapids that swirl around. High standard: refers to the highest peak that can be used as a party flag. Reverse: Reverse flow.

Qingni: Qingniling, in the territory of present-day Luoyang, Shaanxi. Pan: Describe the winding winding of mountain roads. Haunting Rock: Circle around the cliffs.

Mén: Touch. Shēn, Well: All stars are named. Rest on your back: Tilt your head back and hold your breath. Sitting: Disciple, empty.

Journey to the West: Refers to entering Shu. Chán Rock: High and dangerous mountain rock.

Wither: Make use of the law, make... Withering, here refers to the face from rosy to livid.

Huī: A loud noise. This refers to the loud noises of rapids and waterfalls.

Pīnɡ Cliff Turning Stone Ten Thousand Thunder: Rapids and waterfalls hit the cliffs, the stones roll down, and the thunderous sound is heard among the thousands of mountains. Turn: Make scrolling. Hu Wei: Why. One husband and one hand, one husband and one hundred and one, one husband and one hundred and one, one husband and one husband: describe the sword pavilion as easy to defend and difficult to attack. The phrase "guarded or bandited" is two sentences: If the general who guards the pass is not his (own) cronies, he will become a rebel. Or: if. Bandit: Pass "no". KEY: Sigh.

The poem can be roughly divided into three parts:

The first part, from "Silkworm Bush and Fish" to "Then the Ladder Stone Stacks Are Linked", mainly writes about the difficulties of opening up the road.

The second part, from "there is a high standard of the six dragons returning to the sun" to "The people who are far away from the road are huffy and come", mainly write about the difficulty of trekking and climbing. This section can be divided into two layers. The first eight sentences are one layer, emphasizing the steepness of the mountains and the ruggedness of the road. The following is the second layer, depicting a series of scenes such as sad birds, ancient trees, night moons, empty mountains, dry pines, cliffs, flying turbulences, waterfalls, etc., with dynamic and static contrasts, sound and shape, in order to render the empty and terrible environment in the mountains and the bleak and sad atmosphere, lamenting how friends are so bitter to take this risk into Shu.

In the third part, from "Sword Pavilion Zhengrong and Cui Wei" to "It is better to return home early", the danger of the geographical situation of the Sword Pavilion should be associated with the sinister social situation at that time, and the friends are advised not to stay in Shu for a long time and return to Chang'an as soon as possible.

The whole poem is mainly composed of the above three parts, and as for the two poems that appear three times in the poem, "The Difficulty of shu Dao, it is difficult to go to the Qingtian", it is the clue to the various parts. It makes the whole poem echo from beginning to end, twisting and turning, continuously, inextricably linked.

9． Pipa line (parallel sequence)

Bai Juyi

Xunyang Jiangtou night to send guests, maple leaves and flowers autumn serpent. The host dismounted the passenger in the boat, holding up a drink without orchestra. Drunk is not happy and miserable will be goodbye, don't be a vast river soaked in the moon.

Overhearing the sound of pipa on the water, the host forgot to return to the guest. The sound seeker asked who the bomber was, and the lute sound stopped talking late. Moving the ship to invite each other to meet, adding wine back to the lamp to reopen the banquet. Thousands of calls began to come out, holding the pipa half-covered. The hinge plucks the strings three or two times, and the tune is first sentient. The strings cover up the sound and thoughts, as if to complain about the unmotivated life. The low-brow letter continued to play, saying that there were no limits in his heart. Gently twist and slowly wipe the pick, initially "Neon Dress" after "Six". The big strings are noisy like a rushing rain, and the small strings are cut like whispers. Noisy cuts and miscellaneous bullets, large beads and small beads fall on the jade plate. The warbler is slippery, and the pharyngeal spring is difficult to flow under the ice. The cold strings of the ice fountain are condensed, and the condensation will never be suspended. Don't have a gloomy secret hate, at this time silence is better than sound. The silver bottle burst through the water slurry, and the iron horse protruded from the knife and gun. At the end of the song, beware of the painting, and the four strings sound like a crack. The east ship was silent, only to see the autumn moon white in the heart of the river.

Shen Yin put the strings in the middle of the string, straightening the clothes and looking up. She said that she was originally a beijing woman, and her family lived under the shrimp and toad tomb. Thirteen learned the pipa, which belongs to the first part of the teaching workshop. Qu Bao had taught shancai to dress, and made up every time he was jealous of Qiu Niang. The five young people scrambled their heads, and the number of red silks was unknown. The silver grate of the tungsten head shattered, and the blood-colored luo skirt turned over the wine stain. This year's laughter is repeated next year, autumn moon and spring breeze and other leisure. The younger brother went to join the army aunt and died, and twilight went to the color of the past. Kurama was snubbed in front of the door, and the boss was married as a merchant's wife. Merchants weighed profits and parted ways, and the former moon floating beam bought tea to go. Go to the mouth of the river to guard the empty boat, around the boat Moon Ming River water cold. Late at night, I suddenly dreamed of juvenile affairs, and dreamed of tears and tears.

I smelled the pipa and sighed, and I heard the words chirping again. The same is the end of the world fell people, why should they have met each other! I resigned from the imperial capital last year, who lived in Xunyang City. There is no music in Xunyang, and I don't hear the sound of bamboo all my life. Living near the Xiangjiang River is low humidity, and the yellow reed bitter bamboo is around the house. What did Dan Twilight smell in the meantime? The cuckoo cries blood ape wailing. Spring river flowers towards the autumn moon night, often take wine and pour alone. There are no mountain songs and village flutes, and it is difficult to listen to them. Tonight I listen to the Jun Pipa language, such as listening to the Xianle Ear. Mo Ci even sat down and played a song and translated "Pipa Line" for Jun.

I feel that I have been saying this for a long time, but I sit and urge the strings to turn urgent. The poignant sound did not seem to be forward, and the whole house was full of tears. Who wept the most in the seat? Jiangzhou Sima Qing shirt wet.

Jiangtou: Riverside. Cersei: Here's a description of the sound of the breeze blowing.

Master: Bai Juyi refers to himself. Orchestra: Refers to music.

Dark: Here it means quietly. Late to speak: to answer, and a little hesitant.

Spindle plucking: Here is the action of tuning the strings.

Masking: low depression. Thoughts: Sadness, sorrow.

Handy: Casual. Continuation: Continuous.

Gently twist and slowly wipe and pick: gently pull, slowly twist, wipe for a while, pick for a while.

"Nei Pei": It is "Ni Pei Yu Yi Song", the name of the Tang Dynasty music, which is said to have been produced by Tang Xuanzong. "Yāo": It was also a famous song at that time.

The intercession warbler is slippery: as graceful and fluent as a yellow warbler crying under the flowers. Slip: Smooth. Pharynx: A low cry, which here describes the sound of clogged water flow. Difficulty under the ice: The difficulty of blocking under the ice of the spring stream is used to describe the music from smooth to cold.

"Silver bottle" two sentences: describe the lute sound after swallowing, temporarily resting, suddenly burst out of agitated, majestic music. Zha: Suddenly. BURST: Sputtering. Iron Horse: Armored cavalry. At the end of the song, beware of the painting: at the end of the song, use the paddle to draw against the center of the pipa. This is a common technique used to play the lute until the end of a piece. Shen Yin: Silent contemplation. Convergence: Convergence (deep thoughts on the sad and resentful) facial expressions. Shancai: A general term for a pipa master at that time. Wuling Young: Refers to the children of rich and noble families in the capital. Head-binding: An ancient brocade given to a kabuki dancer. Diàn :Golden flower. Beat: Beats. "Brother goes to join the army" two sentences: my brother became a soldier, my aunt also died, day after day passed, my appearance also aged. Color: Here is the meaning of aging appearance. Dream cry makeup tears red dry: Crying in dreams, rubbing the rouge powder on the face is full of red (tear marks). Gan: The look of confusion. "The same is the end of the world" two sentences: the two of us are both the sad people who have fallen to the end of the world, and when we meet today, why should we ask if we have ever known each other? ōu yā: An onomatopoeic word that describes a monotonous musical sound. Zhāo zhā: Describes a complex voice, also known as "chirping". Pipa: Refers to the tune that pops up on the pipa. For the time being: Suddenly, all of a sudden. But sit: Back to the (original) sit down. Stringing: Tighten the strings. Turn: More, more. "Weeping in the seat" two sentences: Who among those present shed the most tears? My Jiangzhou Sima green robe was soaked with tears.

"Pipa Xing" is one of the long Lefu poems of the Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi. Through the description of the pipa girl's superb playing skills and her unfortunate experience, this poem exposes the unreasonable phenomena of bureaucratic corruption, people's livelihood withering, and buried talents in feudal society, expresses the poet's deep sympathy for her, and also expresses the poet's resentment that he is innocent and degraded.

As a long narrative poem, this poem is rigorously structured, staggered, with twists and turns and ups and downs.

The first part writes about sending guests on the river, overhearing the sound of the pipa, and making an explanation for the introduction of the pipa girl.

The second part writes about the pipa girl and the pipa music she plays, showing the superb playing skills of the pipa girl, and specifically and vividly revealing the inner world of the pipa girl.

The third part writes that the pipa girl describes her own life. Through this image, it profoundly reflects the tragic fate of the insulted and damaged musicians and artists in feudal society.

The fourth part writes about the poet's deep feelings, the waves of the poet's feelings are touched by the fate of the pipa girl, and the sigh of "the same is the fallen man at the end of the world, why should we have met", expressing the same disease and pity, the same voice corresponding feelings.

This is a masterpiece of popular realism, the whole text is based on the characters as a clue, writing both the life of the pipa girl and the poet's feelings, and then converging on the two sentences "the same is the fallen man at the end of the world". The tragic experience of the singer is written very specifically, it is a bright line; the poet's feelings penetrate between the lines, and the waves that sway with the music played by the pipa girl and the constant changes in her life are dark lines. This light and dark, one real and one virtual, make the plot undulating. The story it narrates is twisted and touching, the emotions expressed can resonate with people, the language is beautiful but not flashy, refined but not obscure, the content is close to life and has a broad sociality, elegant and popular appreciation.

10． Ascend

Du fu

The wind was rushing, and the tall apes roared, and the white bird of Nagisa Qingsha flew back.

Boundless falling wood, the Endless Yangtze River rolling in.

Wanli Is often a guest in the autumn and has been sick for more than a hundred years.

Hardship hated the frost sideburns, and poured out the newly stopped cloudy wine glass.

Birds fly back: Birds (in the gusty wind) fly and circle. Back: Boomerang.

Falling wood: Refers to the leaves that fall in autumn. Xiao Xiao: Simulates the sound of grass and trees shaking.

Wanli: Refers to being far away from home. Centennial: Here it refers to the old age.

Bitterness: Extremely regrettable. Frosted sideburns: Sideburns like heavy white frost. Sloppiness: Decadence, frustration.

The first four verses of the poem are written about ascending to the heights. The first couplet starts. The poet surrounded the specific environment of Kuizhou and used the word "wind urgent" to drive the whole union, and wrote a good sentence that has been passed down through the ages at the beginning. The jaw joint concentrates on the typical characteristics of autumn in Kuizhou. The poet looks up at the endless and falling leaves, looks down at the rushing and rolling river, and expresses his feelings more deeply while writing the scene.

The first two couplets vigorously describe the autumn scene, until the neck joint, only to point out a "autumn" word. The "ten thousand miles" and "hundred years" of this union and the "boundless" and "endless" of the previous link also have the role of echoing each other: the poet's sense of melancholy and loneliness, like falling leaves and rivers, is inexhaustible, endless, and the emotions and scenery blend together. At this point, the poem has added the content of long-term loneliness to the general meaning of homesickness of the guest, added to the sentiment of sorrow and autumn and bitter illness, and added to the exclamation of people who have left their hometowns for thousands of miles and people in their twilight years, and the poetry is even deeper.

The tail is connected in pairs, and the five and six sentences are divided. The poet is prepared to taste the pain of hardship and fall, the national disaster and family hatred, so that his gray hair is increasing day by day, coupled with the loss of alcohol due to illness, the sorrow is even more difficult to dispel. Originally excited to ascend to the far horizon, but at this time it is plain and unprovoked to provoke hatred and sorrow, and the poet's contradictory mood is easy to understand. The first six sentences of "flying and vibrating", to this point "soft cold harvest, and infinite sadness, overflowing with words."

11． Jinser

Li Shangyin

Jinser unprovoked fifty strings, one string and one pillar Sihua Nian.

Zhuang Sheng Xiao dreamed of butterflies, and wangdi chunxin trusted the cuckoo.

There are tears in the pearls of the sea and the moon, and the warm jade smoke of the blue field.

Can this be a memory? It was just that I was confused at the time.

Kinser: Painted with a pattern of Serge, here is the name of Ser. Gratuitous: No origin, no reason. Hua Nian: Youth, here refers to a lifetime.

Wangdi: The title of the monarch of the Shu state at the end of the Zhou Dynasty. Spring Heart: The heart of spring is a metaphor for the nostalgia of the beautiful things that have been lost.

Beads have tears: Ancient legend has it that there are fish people in the South China Sea, who can weave silk, and tears become pearls when crying.

But: Why, how can it? Confusion: confused, dazed.

The first couplet uses the method of folk songs. The gist is that it has been half a hundred years in a flash, and looking back on that year, it is difficult to say a word and feel a thousand emotions.

The jaw is linked to the above phrase "SiHua Nian" and writes about the poet's feelings in his memories.

The two sentences of the neck link show that the yin and yang are cold and warm, the beautiful jade pearl, although the realm is different, and the hatred is one. The poet is admiring and persistent in this noble feeling, but he does not dare to blaspheme or mourn.

The end of the bundle bundles the whole text, clearly proposing the word "this situation", which echoes the beginning of the "Hua Nian", and the gesture has not been flashed. The meaning of this joint is extremely clear, but it should be noted that there is a "reversal" in its writing: "This situation can be turned into a remembrance" The sentiment mentioned above is only available when looking back on the past today, so then I will add a sentence "Just at that time" was confused. The implication is that if there was a feeling of pity at that time, then today's remembrance must be even more sad, and it is indeed unbearable to look back.

12． Nian Nu Jiao Chibi Nostalgia

The great river goes east, the waves are exhausted, and the characters of the ages are flowing. To the west of the old fortress, humanity is, three kingdoms Zhou Lang Chibi. Rocks pierced through the air, the waves crashed on the shore, and a thousand piles of snow rolled up. The country is picturesque, and there are many heroes at a time.

In the year of Gongjin, Xiao Qiao was married for the first time and was majestic and heroic. Lupine scarf, between talk and laughter, the tree ashes disappear. The homeland is wandering, amorous should laugh at me, early birth Huafa. Life is like a dream, a statue is still in the moon.

Old Fortress: The remains of an ancient army barracks.

Zhou Lang :zhou yu (周瑜), courtesy name Gongjin, was a general in Sun Quan's army who commanded the Battle of Chibi. At the age of 24, he became sun Ce's general Zhonglang, and was called "Zhou Lang" in the army.

Rocks pierce the air: Steep stone walls plunge straight into the clouds. Snow: Here is a metaphor for a wave.

Lupine (ɡuān) towel: (handheld) lupine, (head worn) lun scarf. This is the costume of a Confucian, and Zhou Yu is described here as having a Confucian demeanor.

樯 (qiánɡ) 橹: This refers to Cao Cao's water army.

"Amorous should laugh at me" two sentences: should laugh at my sentimentality, premature growth of gray hair. Huafa: Gray hair.

Zun: Same as "bottle", wine glass. Lèi: Wine is sprinkled on the ground to indicate relinquishment.

The words are divided into upper and lower halves. On the top of chibi, on the bottom of the house, he cherished Zhou Yu, and cherished the ancient wounds himself, ending with his own feelings.

Shangyan Yong Chibi, focusing on the scene, set off the characters. The first three sentences not only write the momentum of the river, but also summarize the heroes of the ages, expressing the yearning for heroes. The pretense of "humane is" is used to elicit the characters of the chant. The use of words such as "chaos", "wear", "surprise", "shooting", and "roll" exquisitely and uniquely outlines the dangerous situation of the ancient battlefield, writes out its majestic and magnificent scene, and thus renders the environmental atmosphere for the heroes in the Chibi War that Xia Yan is pursuing.

Xia Yan focused on writing about people, borrowing his admiration for Zhou Yu to express his feelings of failure to achieve his own work. Writing "Little Joe" is to set off Zhou Yu's talent, spirit, and highlight the style of the characters, and the description of Zhou Yu's battle achievements in the middle is intended to reflect his old age and inaction. Although the last few sentences of "amorous" express sad feelings, this feeling is actually the performance of the lyricist who is not willing to sink, active and enterprising, and strives to move forward, and still does not lose the heroic nature.

13． Yong Yu Le Jingkou Beigu Ting Huaigu

Xin abandons the disease

Throughout the ages, the hero has no place for Sun Zhong. Dance hall song stage, the wind is always blown away by the rain and wind. Slanting grass trees, ordinary alleys and strange, humane slaves once lived. Think of that year, Jinge iron horse, swallowed like a tiger.

Yuan Jia Cao Cao, sealed the wolf Juxu, won the Canghuang Beigu. Forty-three years, looking at the middle of the memory, Beacon Yangzhou Road. Looking back, under the Buddha's Shrine, a sacred crow club drum. Who asked: Honest and old, can you still eat?

Sun Zhongmou: Also known as Sun Quan, the character Zhongmou, was the monarch of the State of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. He started in jingkou town.

Dance Hall (xiè) Song Platform: A platform for singing and dancing. Wind flow: Refers to the afterglow of heroic performance.

Hasty: It means hasty dispatch of troops. Fengwolf Juxu: The Han Dynasty Huo went to the xiongnu to pursue the Xiongnu to the Wolf Juxu Mountain, and sealed the mountain and returned.

Road: The name of the administrative region during the Song Dynasty, equivalent to the modern "province".

Kan: Which kan, how can it be. Shegu Drum: The drum music played by the gods of the shrine on she-day (the day of worship of the earth god in ancient times).

After Xin abandoned his illness and was transferred to the prefect of Zhenjiang, he boarded the Beigu Pavilion, lamented the disappointment of not having a way to serve the country, and looked forward to the past with high hopes, so he wrote this work that has been sung through the ages. This poem is well-written, with multiple themes such as nostalgia, sorrow, and lyricism. Throughout the ages, I want to find the heroes of that year and can't do it, and the tone is extraordinary. The opening passage borrows lyricism from what is seen in front of the eyes and associates with two famous historical figures, Sun Quan and Liu Yu, expressing their yearning for their heroic achievements. The next satire is that the people who used the han nong (tuō) (zhòu) in the current dynasty were as hasty as Liu Yilong and wanted to swing the Northern Expedition, which was worrying. The old man is coming and the imperial court will no longer use itself, and he can't help but sigh in the sky. Among them, "Under the Buddha's Shrine, a sacred crow temple drum" writes the feeling that the north is no longer the land of the Song Dynasty, which is the most painful.

The first film of the word is nostalgic for Sun Quan and Liu Yu. Sun Quan divided the southeast and repelled the Cao army; Liu Yujinge iron horse, with great military achievements, regained the lost land. It not only expressed praise for historical figures, but also expressed expectations for the main war faction and satire and condemnation of those who sought peace in the Southern Song Dynasty court.

The next film quotes the historical fact that Liu Yilong of the Southern Dynasty hastily led the Northern Expedition and incurred a major defeat, advises Han Nongxu to learn the lessons of history and not act recklessly, and then uses the changes in the anti-Jin situation in the past forty-three years to indicate that the writer's determination to recover the Central Plains remains unchanged.

The whole word is bold and sad, the righteousness is deep, and it shines with the ideological brilliance of patriotism. The use of the dictionary in the words is appropriate to nature, closely following the theme, and enhancing the persuasiveness and artistic beauty of the work. Yang Shen of the Ming Dynasty said in the "Dictionary": "Xin Ci should take the Jingkou Beigu Ting Huaigu "Yong Yu Le" as the first. "This assessment is pertinent.

14． Yu Meiren

Li yu

When is the Spring Flower autumn moon? How much do you know about the past. Xiao Lou had another east wind last night, and the homeland could not look back at the middle of the moon.

The carved fence jade should still be there, but Zhu Yan changed. How much sorrow can you have? It is like a river of spring water flowing eastward.

Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon: Spring goes to autumn, and the years change. CLOSED: Closed, terminated.

Carved Fence Jade Masonry: The Palace of the Tang Dynasty.

It's just Zhu Yanjie: It's just that the palace ladies are old. Zhu Yan: Here is a guide to the palace maidens of the old Tang Dynasty.

The whole word begins with an inquiry and ends with an answer; from asking the heavens and asking people to asking oneself, through the tone of the poignancy that is not without agitation and the artistic structure of twists and turns, flowing freely, the author's incomprehensible melancholy thoughts run through the whole process, forming a refreshing aesthetic effect.

It is true that Li Yu's thoughts of his homeland may not be worthy of sympathy, and the past he cherishes is inseparable from the imperial life of "carved columns and jade" and the secret affairs of the palace of the twilight private affairs. But this popular masterpiece is indeed unique in art:

How beautiful the "spring flower and autumn moon" is, the author earnestly hopes that it will be "gone" as soon as possible; the message of spring brought by the "east wind" of Xiaolou has instead aroused the author's sigh of "unbearable looking back", because they all outline the author's human touch, reflecting his sorrow of living in a foreign country, and using it to describe the state of mind of the author who has changed from a pearl-surrounded and green-wrapped and golden-cooked lord of Jiangnan to a prisoner of the order who is crying for a long song, which is real and profound.

The concluding sentence "A river of spring water flows eastward" is a famous sentence that is a metaphor for melancholy, implicitly showing the long flow of melancholy and endless.

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