What should a boyfriend who has reached the full level of her girlfriend do when she has menstrual pain? Please learn how to do it as a doctor father with a daughter!

In the morning, my daughter called me and said that she had come to my great aunt, did not bring an aunt towel, and asked me to send me to school.

I quickly went to the supermarket to buy the right brand of sanitary napkins, and also picked out the nude for day and night, and then went to the pharmacy to buy ibuprofen and send it to school together.

When I bought sanitary napkins, the saleswoman and the female customer next to me looked at me with disbelief.

Children without mothers are fathers, so I am familiar with the structural components of various brands of sanitary napkins and the applicable groups and applicable times.

After lunch, I happened to see the topic of how the boyfriend should take care of the girlfriend of the painful menstrual period on the Internet, under the topic, all kinds of boyfriends' dedication to the girlfriend, in addition to being able to move themselves, there is no egg use, all are flower racks.

So, as a doctor dad with a daughter, let's talk about the experience of caring for girls with menstrual pain.

If your girlfriend has dysmenorrhea, first of all, take her to the obstetrics and gynecology department to systematically check whether there are any primary diseases that can cause dysmenorrhea, such as endometriosis, if it can be found, it will be treated to prevent dysmenorrhea in the future.

Secondly, remember the time she came to menstruate, and the next time she came to menstruation, when she did not have stomach pain, she would first take painkillers, such as ibuprofen, until his menstruation was clean. That way her entire menstrual period won't be painful.

Remember: don't wait for stomach painkillers to take them.

Let me elaborate on that!

Dysmenorrhea usually occurs when girls come to menstruate, but in some people, dysmenorrhea can also occur before and continue until the end of menstruation.

Some people have symptoms the day before their period. Girls with dysmenorrhea will have stuffy pain in the lower abdomen, and those with severe dysmenorrhea will also have throbbing pain, abdominal cramping or tingling.

Some people have abdominal pain that radiates to the lower back and thighs, and some people have headaches and vomiting.

The average person has dysmenorrhea lasting about 2 days, and those with severe dysmenorrhea have pain that begins a week before menstruation, and the pain lasts until one week after the end of menstruation, and these people have symptoms of dysmenorrhea for 3 weeks a month.

Dysmenorrhea can be divided into primary dysmenorrhea and sequelae.

(1) Primary dysmenorrhea: there is no cause of uterus, ovarian tumor or endometriosis.

It may be due to poor passage of menstrual blood, resulting in painful uterine contractions.

These people usually increase their age and after giving birth, because the cervical opening becomes larger, menstrual blood is easily discharged, and dysmenorrhea will improve.

(2) Persistent dysmenorrhea: dysmenorrhea caused by uterus, ovarian tumors or endometriosis.

Common causes of dysmenorrhea include ovarian chocolate cysts, myomyosis.

A small number of uterine fibroids due to special growth location, blocking the uterine cavity, resulting in poor passage of menstrual blood, but also lead to dysmenorrhea, such as cervical fibroids, submucosal fibroids.

In addition, if you have pelvic inflammatory disease, cervical stenosis can also cause dysmenorrhea.

What tests should I do for dysmenorrhea?

(1) Pelvic-vaginal double consultation: If the girl already has sexual experience, the doctor will do a double examination for her to check the cervix, as well as the scope and intensity of pain.

(2) Ultrasound B: check the uterus and ovaries for ovarian chocolate cysts, myomyosis or fibroids.

(3) Blood CA125: if there is an elevation, there may be endometriosis.

The concentration of CA125 during menstruation with endometriosis is usually more than twice as high as when menstruation is not coming.

(4) Blood routine: If the menstrual volume will lead to anemia, the hemoglobin in the blood routine will be reduced.

How is dysmenorrhea treated?

Patients with dysmenorrhea are generally treated conservatively with drugs, and surgery is required if the drug cannot be controlled or patients with persistent dysmenorrhea with indications for surgery.

(1) Analgesics: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have a better effect, such as naproxen, ibuprofen and other drugs.

The disadvantage of these drugs is that long-term use may hurt the stomach, may lead to gastritis, and can also hurt the kidneys.

Patients who have had gastric ulcers and renal insufficiency should take such drugs.

The following will explain in detail how to take medicine.

Patients with dysmenorrhea should be treated with antibiotics if they have pelvic inflammatory disease.

(2) Progesterone, contraceptives:

These drugs inhibit endometrial hyperplasia and thus relieve dysmenorrhea symptoms caused by endometriosis.

(3) Gonadotropin homotype drugs (GnRHa), such as leuprolide acetate (leuprolide acetate): can inhibit the production of female hormones, resulting in pseudomenopause, but after 2 to 4 months of discontinuation, it will normally menstruate, so it is usually only used in women who are close to menopause, hoping to enter menopause immediately after stopping the drug.

The disadvantage of using the drug is that there will be menopausal symptoms during the medication, such as dry heat, poor sleep at night, etc.

(4) Intrauterine drug delivery system, Levonorgestrel (Levonorgestrel 20μg/24H, Mirena): a local release of high doses of progesterone in the uterus, in addition to treating excessive menstrual blood, can also inhibit endometrial hyperplasia, so it can treat dysmenorrhea.

The disadvantage of using the drug is that there may be irregular menstrual and punctate bleeding in the first half of the month of use.

(5) On May 13, 2019, Bayer's new drug Visane (dinoprogesterone), trade name Weisanning, has been approved by the Chinese regulatory authorities for the treatment of endometriosis (EMs).

Visanne is a once-daily oral tablet containing 2 mg of dienogest, specifically for the treatment of EMs, a chronic gynecological disease.

Dienogest is very effective in improving dysmenorrhea and can also be taken for a long time, and it is currently recommended that it can be taken for up to 15 months.

Advantages of the drug: can control dysmenorrhea, can inhibit the growth of chocolate cysts and even can shrink.

Disadvantages of the drug: the user can not get pregnant with contraception, because the drug has a teratogenic risk (although it is less difficult to get pregnant, but the effect is not 100%). In the first six months of the patient's medication, there will be side effects of irregular bleeding.

Here are some case references from the clinic:

Case 1: A 20-year-old female with asexual experience complains of menstrual cycle rules, normal menstrual flow, but dysmenorrhea at the beginning of the first menstrual period.

Doctor's treatment - > B ultrasound test for no tumor, the doctor recommended that she take medication, usually with age and after giving birth, the symptoms of dysmenorrhea will improve.

Case 2: A 28-year-old female who is infertile, complains of menstrual cycle rules, normal menstrual flow, and more and more severe dysmenorrhea in the past 2 years.

Doctor's disposal - > ultrasound examination for ovarian chocolate cysts.

Thereafter, it is reviewed periodically and treated accordingly.

The ovarian chocolate cyst is larger than 5 cm in diameter and the doctor will recommend surgery to remove the cyst. If the chocolate cyst is not large, the doctor will recommend medication and ultrasound tracking for 3 to 6 months.

Case 3: A 40-year-old female who had two caesarean sections complained of menstrual cycle rules, recent increased menstrual flow and severe dysmenorrhea.

Treatment - > B ultrasound examination with myomyosis, elevated blood CA125, decreased hemoglobin in the blood routine.

Doctors first recommended medication and iron supplementation to correct the anemia.

However, if her symptoms are severe, because myadenopathy is diffuse endometriosis throughout the myometrium, surgery cannot remove the lesion locally and requires hysterectomy.

In short, there are more causes of dysmenorrhea in girls, and it is necessary to find a professional gynecologist to do examination and do corresponding treatment after clarifying the cause.

Treatment of the primary condition may relieve dysmenorrhea.

The painkillers mentioned in this article refer to commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, most of which are over-the-counter drugs.

Treatment of dysmenorrhea and taking painkillers are very exquisite!

Dysmenorrhea, when should I take painkillers? Do you eat it when it first hurts? Or do you eat it when you can't stand it anymore?

In order to answer this question, we must first know the cause.

Dysmenorrhea is associated with prostaglandin secretion.

The uterus secretes prostaglandins, which cause the uterine muscles to contract and secrete more abundantly than usual when menstruation comes. Excessive contractions of the uterus can cause pain.

Commonly used pain relievers are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit cyclooxygenase, thereby inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.

There are many kinds of them, including aspirin, indomethacin, ibuprofen, diclofenac, meloxicam, naproxen, celecoxib, rofecoxib, nimesulide and so on.

Once prostaglandin is secreted, dysmenorrhea will continue to hurt, so in order to relieve pain, do not let it secrete at the beginning.

When prostaglandins accumulate excessively and dysmenorrhea becomes more severe, taking medicine is useless.

So take medication at the beginning of dysmenorrhea, or before dysmenorrhea appears.

Girls who have painful menstruation every time are best to carry regular medicines during the menstrual period. During menstruation, taking medicine before pain can prevent pain.

Acetaminophen, commonly used trade names such as Tylenol, Bi Li Tong, BaiFu Ning, etc., is also commonly used to treat dysmenorrhea.

Acetaminophen reduces prostaglandin PGE1, synthesis, and release by inhibiting hypothalamic thermoregulatory central prostaglandin synthase. Therefore, strictly speaking, acetaminophen is not a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, but because the solution is to reduce prostaglandin synthesis, the timing of administration and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the same when treating dysmenorrhea.

In particular, it should be emphasized that painkillers only relieve the symptoms of dysmenorrhea and do not cure the disease. If there are other causes of dysmenorrhea, the primary disease must be treated to completely cure dysmenorrhea.

Of course, painkillers also have some side effects.

Side effects of NSAIDs include:

1. Gastrointestinal injury: non-steroidal drugs themselves have a direct stimulating effect on the gastrointestinal tract. They also inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins, so the protective mechanism of the gastrointestinal mucosa is destroyed, and some patients may experience symptoms of indigestion such as epigastric discomfort, vague pain, nausea, vomiting, fullness, belching, and loss of appetite. About 10% to 25% of patients with long-term oral NSAIDs develop peptic ulcers, and less than 1% of them develop serious complications such as bleeding or perforation.

2. Nephrotoxicity: elderly and patients with renal insufficiency are risk factors for renal side effects caused by nonsteroidal drugs. These drugs can inhibit prostaglandins in the kidneys that have a vasodilating effect, reducing blood flow in the kidneys. Serum creatinine may be elevated in some patients. In some patients, it can cause urine protein, casts, red and white blood cells in the urine, etc., and severe cases can cause interstitial nephritis.

3. Side effects of the blood system: because the production of thromboxane that promotes platelet aggregation is inhibited, the patient may have a tendency to bleed after the application of such drugs. Some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can cause granulocytopenia, aplastic anemia, coagulation disorders, etc.

4. Hepatotoxicity: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can increase transaminases.

5. Others: it can also cause rashes and asthma attacks.

Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can cause so many adverse reactions above, due to the limited time of dysmenorrhea, it will not be painful every day for a month, therefore, the vast majority of girls with dysmenorrhea have mild adverse reactions when taking this type of drug in the short term, can be tolerated, and the adverse reactions can disappear after stopping the drug.

How to minimize the damage caused by side effects to the human body, and better alleviate dysmenorrhea, so that it is safe and effective, you can start from the following aspects:

1. Try to avoid unnecessary large doses and long-term application. When treating dysmenorrhea, in general, the medication time is not more than 3 days.

2. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be taken with caution in the following cases:

A. Active peptic ulcer and recent gastrointestinal bleeding.

B. People who are allergic to aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

C. Patients with hepatic insufficiency, renal insufficiency, patients with severe hypertension and congestive heart failure, cytopenia.

3. If there is a suspicious adverse reaction in the process of medication, the drug should be stopped immediately, and after consulting the doctor or pharmacist, decide whether to continue the medication, and give appropriate treatment to the adverse reactions if necessary.

4. It is not advisable to drink alcohol during medication, otherwise it will aggravate the stimulation of the gastrointestinal mucosa and increase the probability of liver damage.

5. It should not be combined with anticoagulants (such as warfarin), because doing so may increase the risk of bleeding.

6. It is not advisable to use two or more painkillers at the same time, because repeated taking of drugs will lead to superposition of adverse reactions. Pay special attention to one drug for more than one. For example, acetaminophen is also known as paracetamol, and the trade names are Baifuning, Tynuolin, Bilitong, etc.; diclofenac is also known as dichlorofencline, and the trade names are Yingtaiqing, futaline, Dafen, Obe and so on.

7, can not think that new drugs, imported drugs, high price varieties must be good. Merck's announcement in October 2004 that it voluntarily withdrew From Global Markets to Wanlo (rofecoxib) is a good example.

Finally, it is emphasized that since the treatment of dysmenorrhea is a short-term medication, serious side effects are rare. Girls with dysmenorrhea are advised to take medicine after meals. If the stomach is not very good, take stomach medicines such as sucralfate tablets at the same time when taking medicines to reduce the damage to the gastrointestinal tract.

In short, adhere to the rational use of drugs, the correct use of drugs, in order to make dysmenorrhea girls without pain, safe and happy to spend the physiological period.

This article was actually written for his precious daughter.

With this article, I wish you all sisters a safe and happy menstrual period!