"Standing in a museum is like standing on the vertical axis of time, looking forward we can look back at where we came from, and backwards we can see where we are going."
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In the Wenhua Hall of the Palace Museum, the bronze sun wheel from the Sanxingdui site, He Zun as the earliest witness of the word "China", the simple and mysterious C-shaped jade dragon, the elegant and solemn Changxin Palace lamp of the Han Dynasty, the colorful Tang Sancai pottery Pisces vase like the sunset in the sky... More than 130 cultural relics quietly tell everyone why the land of China is China, why the Chinese nation is great, and why Chinese civilization has a long history.
These cultural relics that have come to us for thousands of years have condensed history and our common emotions.
Dynasties have changed, but the humanistic vein of Chinese civilization has continued. The skills and stories behind each cultural relic contain the beliefs of the ancients, the exploration of nature and the heart, and witness the history of the Chinese nation for thousands of years of history, culture and thought.
Bronze
Fixed source heavy equipment, housez china
He Zun, located in the C position of the exhibition hall, has attracted much attention because of the earliest "China" in the inscription.
Ho Zun
Bronze is an alloy of copper and other metals, when it was first made, it was a golden earthy yellow, very beautiful, and under the baptism of time, the surface of the utensils was oxidized slowly into a turquoise, which was called "gold" or "jijin" in ancient times.
China's Bronze Age was a glorious and splendid era. At this time, people sacrificed their ancestors with solemn and quaint bronzes, built a ceremonial music system, and maintained order with bronze weapons.
The most exquisite casting process in bronze is the ceremonial vessel. Through the variety of ceremonial vessels of various types and shapes, we can feel the unique religious emotions and aesthetic concepts of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties through thousands of years.
Copper solar shaper
The casting of bronzes is a rather complex process that requires specialized skill.
Bronzes of the Shang Dynasty were mainly products of the Fan casting method. This is different from the method of lost wax adopted by Western civilization in the early days, representing different regional cultures.
With the development of history, bronze ceremonial vessels slowly faded out of the historical stage. During the Han and Tang Dynasties, people used new technologies such as inlay technology and large and small welding, and began to cast bronze mirrors and other living utensils in bronze.
Little Keding
During the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, a large number of antique bronze ware was cast in combination with new processes such as copper smelting and enamel by the "bile copper method", and the bronze ware of this period had both practical value and aesthetic value.
Changxin Palace lamp
Traditional Chinese bronze restoration and reproduction techniques have a long history, and different technical schools have been derived from different regions of the country, such as the "Bronze Restoration and Reproduction Techniques" (declared by the Shanghai Museum), which was included in the fifth batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects, which also has significant regional characteristics.
Niu Hu Copper Case
Nine words, nine words, bells, three legs... The reverence for bronze has never been far away from Chinese children.
Bronzes that have been weathered by thousands of years of wind and frost and are not easy to shape, the cultural genes of respecting ancestors and revering heaven and earth engraved on bronzes, are still flowing in our blood, and the rain and wind have not been annihilated.
Jade
The essence of mountains and rivers, the beauty of humanity
"The love of jade can be said to be one of the characteristics of Chinese culture. For more than 3,000 years, the texture, shape and color of jade have inspired sculptors, painters and poets. (Needham)
Jade Dragon
Gentlemen will wear jade, gentlemen will be deft in jade, rather for jade to be broken, turned into jade, throw bricks to attract jade...
As a "beauty of stone", the warm and lustrous, meticulous and tough jade has been loved by Chinese and has long been given important significance by Chinese. Jade culture is a culture unique to the Chinese nation and uninterrupted.
Yu Chun
"Jade is not crafted, not a tool" - jade production technology is ever-changing, but in the final analysis, it is pondering and grinding.
From the grinding of jade in the Neolithic era to the peak of the articulated jade techniques in the Qing Dynasty, the production process and main processing methods of jade are in the same vein.
In the late Neolithic period, with the advent of drilling, hollowing and polishing, China entered the first peak stage of jade manufacturing. In the ruins of Liangzhu culture, Hongshan culture and Longshan culture, exquisite jade artifacts have been excavated.
Qingyu human dragon pattern handle shaped vessel
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a large number of Hetian jade was imported into the Central Plains, and techniques such as hollowing and relief were widely used, and the jade treatment process was more mature.
During the Han Dynasty, the hidden and hollowing techniques were commonly used, and the jade carving techniques became increasingly diverse, and high relief and circular carving were also widely used. For example, the world-famous golden jade cloth can quite reflect the characteristics of Han Dynasty jade and the level of carving craftsmanship.
White jade carved dragon and phoenix pattern
During the Tang Dynasty, it absorbed the sculpture and painting techniques of the time, used traditional carving techniques, and used a large number of yin carved thin lines; the modeling structure of Song Dynasty jade was more complex, and the carving was more rounded and exquisite, which was very interesting to the literati.
Traces of Stan ink jade inlaid gem-shaped powder barrel
The three generations of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties of jade art styles are not the same, the Yuan Dynasty is good at deep carving technology; the late Ming Dynasty is rough wolf rigidity, known as "coarse Daming"; the Qing Dynasty is finely crafted, the form is strict, of which a large number of high-quality jade materials after the Qianlong Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty make jade carving reach a peak.
In modern times, jade carving factories have been set up throughout the country, and thousands of years of jade carving skills have been inherited and carried forward.
White jade skeleton carved spring water Tupe
The solemn elegance of the "North School", the exquisite refinement of the "South School", the beautiful atmosphere of the "Yang School", and the vivid and delicate "Hai School"... Each genre of jade carving style is different, but the same destination, jade culture embodies thousands of years of Chinese history, thick and precious, deeply affecting every Chinese.
Jade carvings of different eras carry the imprint of different eras, Chinese jade has undergone changes in various dynasties, and has run through a development vein since ancient times, jade has been deeply integrated into traditional Chinese culture and etiquette, and has been passed down to this day.
Brocade
One by one, the flowers are like a brocade
"Knowing the ancient world at dawn and night, every inch is now Xumi", a silk thread, a small piece of fabric, strung together the beginning and end of history, strung together the development of Chinese civilization.
Meticulous, meticulous, intricate, tightly sewn, icing on the cake... In Chinese, there are countless Chinese characters with "纟" as a side, and idioms related to "silk".
"Five stars out of the East Lee China" brocade neck protector
This "five-star out of the East and Benefiting China" brocade is the pinnacle of Shu brocade in the Han Dynasty. The brocade of ancient China is the highest level of silk fabric, and it is said that "its price is like gold".
In the tradition, "nishiki" represents the highest level of technical fabric, and its colorful ornamentation is not printed, but jacquard woven, and the warp and weft intersect into a cloth.
Nanjing Yunjin
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the brocade weaving technique was greatly developed, and the heavy warp organization of the three-color warp was created in its structure, and the variety of brocade fabric developed from a single monochrome brocade to a two-color and three-color brocade.
The thick "velvet ring brocade" produced during the Western Han Dynasty represented the high level of silk reeling and weaving skills at that time.
Shu Jin
Sheng Tang created a weft brocade with weft lines that can be woven into large pieces, breaking through the limitations of the smaller "brocade type" units.
After the development of various eras, the brocade weaving technique was comprehensively improved during the Northern Song Dynasty. During this period, new varieties represented by Suzhou SongJin appeared, and the basic characteristics of their products were the organizational structure of the joint flower of warp and weft.
Suzhou Song Jin
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, they matured in brocade weaving techniques and developed in the direction of arts and crafts brocade weaving. The imperial court set up weaving houses in Jiangning, Suzhou and Hangzhou, called the "three major weavings in Jiangnan".
"Clothing, food, shelter and transportation", taking clothing as the first, deeply rooted in ancient history and farming culture, the weaving and embroidery skills have lasted for thousands of years, and are still closely related to our current lives, and are an important carrier of the history and culture of the Chinese nation.
Guangxi Zhuangjin
Nanjing Yunjin, Suzhou Songjin, Sichuan Shujin, Guangxi Zhuangjin, Hunan Tujiajin, Hainan Lijin... The silk culture that has been precipitated for thousands of years, the brocade weaving skills and culture continue to develop, and the story of the Silk Road continues.
Ceramic porcelain
From China to China
We all know that China is the "hometown of ceramics", English china, lowercase is porcelain, And China capital is China.
Porcelain originated in China and evolved from pottery.
About fifteen thousand years ago, our ancestors mastered the manufacturing technology of pottery from the soil of the countryside, producing early primitive celadon in the Xia Shang period more than 3,000 years ago, and finally firing mature celadon in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Human head shaped vessel mouth colored pottery vase
The civilization artifacts of various eras that have been precipitated for thousands of years have condensed the feelings and aesthetic psychology of Chinese culture and have become the most precious cultural heritage of mankind.
The Shang and Zhou dynasties were a gradual stage from pottery to porcelain, and due to the great development and progress of society, the Qin and Han dynasties completed the transition from primitive celadon to mature celadon and officially opened the door to the history of China's high-temperature porcelain that lasted for thousands of years.
White glazed double dragon handle string pattern plate bottle
During the Sui Dynasty, the white porcelain firing process became more and more mature and had a certain level; the Tang Dynasty created the history of Chinese ceramics production "Southern Qingbei White" - the south mainly produced celadon porcelain, such as the Yue kiln in Zhejiang; the north mainly produced white porcelain, such as the Xing kiln in Hebei.
Three-colored pottery Pisces bottle
The Song Dynasty was the heyday of the development of Chinese ceramic craftsmanship, the beauty of glaze color, the beauty of enamel, and the Song people reached a new aesthetic realm in the porcelain making process. Especially with the "five famous kilns" represented by Ru, Guan, Ge, Ding, and Jun, the aesthetic ideas and humanistic spirit contained in Song porcelain have reached an unprecedented height.
During the Ming Dynasty, the porcelain firing technology of Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, was fully developed. During this period, Jingdezhen has become the center of the national porcelain industry.
"Shen De Tang" pastel cultivation map cover bowl
The Qing Dynasty created two new kinds of glaze color in porcelain-making technology, enamel and color powder, and the porcelain-making technology of the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties reached the highest level in history, and it was keen to burn all kinds of difficult porcelain.
From ancient times to the present, there are many kinds of ceramics, and the firing process is also diverse with the development of the times. Chinese ceramics from the depths of time carry the vein of the development of Chinese civilization - not only the traditional Chinese elements have been passed down along the way, but also the soul of Chinese culture.
Blue glazed plastic sticker character animal barn jar
As time passes, some civilizations last for thousands of years, and some civilizations disappear with them. The "Why China" exhibition is like a window, where you can see how the Chinese nation has developed step by step from ancient times to today, and the civilization has not been interrupted.
Traditional skills are the proof of the living inheritance of Chinese civilization, which has been passed down from generation to generation, and the bloodline continues.
Chinese civilization, no matter how turbulent and changing the world is, from ancient times to the present, stands tall and continues to move forward. Why China is endless.
(Some pictures and videos are from the Internet)