Sensory dysregulation in children with autism is a big problem.
Sensory system disorders, summarized in five main aspects, namely vestibular sensory system disorders, propriocritical system disorders, visual sensory system disorders, haptic sensory system disorders and auditory system disorders.
In fact, it is about the child's balance ability, coordination ability, vision, hearing, and touch, which are inseparable from daily life.
For the cultivation and training of these abilities, it is best to carry out before the age of 6, because this period is the best period for correction of sensory system disorders.
In the early days, children present problems with physical coordination and physical balance, and may not be good at various sports, so parents are often not at ease.
However, some problems may not manifest themselves in children at an early age, but at school age, they will show various abnormalities in learning ability and personality.
Compared with other normal children, children with sensory system disorders will lag behind in terms of learning ability, interpersonal skills and psychological quality, which makes parents and teachers very worried, especially after puberty, there will be various problems, such as emotional instability, aggression, etc., then intervention will be half the work.
We have collected 11 expert-approved sensory system games, corresponding to the five aspects of sensory system disorder, hoping to help star fathers and mothers use them in the daily rehabilitation intervention of children.
Vestibular sensory imbalance
Performance: Children are restless, easy to fall when walking, inattentive, inattentive in class, love to do small actions, easy to violate classroom discipline, easy to conflict with people, naughty and willful, love to be picky, it is difficult to have fun with others, it is also difficult to share toys and food with others, can not consider the needs of others, and may also have language development delay Language expression difficulties Speak late.
Vestibular perception is the most important ability that affects the growth and learning development of infants and young children.
The vestibular system is located just above the body to the triangular structure, that is, the top-heavy head, which is the most unbalanced place above the sense of balance, so the vestibular system must be closely coordinated with the balance system, so that humans can understand the correct relationship between the audiovisual message and the body, and then make due actions, which is the so-called vestibular balance.
Training content:
1. Swinging game (from 0 to 1 year old)
From the moment the child is born, it is time to start training the child's vestibular integration ability.
The content is very simple, only the elders of the family need to hold the child in their arms and shake it gently, wait until the child is about one year old, you can find a large towel, and put the child in the middle of the towel, by the father and mother each pull the side of the towel, gently shake.
Swing games can help your child stimulate the vestibule, improve balance response, and increase muscle tone.
2. Crawling game (from 6 months to 1 year old)
When seven or eight months old, children should slowly learn to crawl, through continuous efforts to raise their heads and necks, to exercise vestibular awareness, the process of crawling forward is also a process of exploration for children.
Therefore, parents should encourage their children to crawl more, such as the mother lying on the ground, so that the child slowly climbs up the mother's body; or the mother bends the hands and feet into an arch to attract the child to climb from the bottom.
For some children who do not like to crawl, parents can take some inducing measures, such as putting the child on a small quilt, pulling his two legs slowly backwards, and placing colorful or sound-making toys in front of the child's eyes to attract the child's attention, guide him to look up, and gradually crawl forward.
Crawling games can improve children's hand-eye coordination, audio-visual ability, promote concentration of attention, and can also enhance children's coordinated control of limb muscles and promote the development of proprioception.
3. Quilt rotation (will lean over and look up ~ 4 years old)
Choose a small quilt, let the child lie down on the quilt, lift the head, parents pull up a corner of the quilt, turn in a clockwise direction, and then turn three times in a counterclockwise direction, the speed can be slightly slower, be sure to adapt to the needs of the child, each time only 1 minute can be.
The quilt spinning game allows children to feel the gravity and exercise their balance.
For some children with tactile problems, such training can provide skin tactile stimulation to a certain extent and improve their tactile sensitivity.
Proprioception disorders
Performance: lack of self-confidence, passive withdrawal of clumsy hands and feet, poor language performance ability, poor sense of direction is easy to get lost, uncoordinated movements, closed eyes easy to fall, easy to hunchback, myopia, excessive fear of the dark, often bump into things or fall.
Proprioception processing ability will help children to control the order of limbs or movements, the size of the force, the speed and slowness of the body or movements during the exploration process, not only have confidence in controlling their own movements, but also develop appropriate self-confidence or self-esteem accordingly.
Therefore, the impact of children can have confidence in the physical environment, interpersonal interaction and coordination, and will also play a decisive role in highly stable emotions.
1. Ball sports (from 3 years old)
Ball sports have always been loved, and the anorexia of the sense of proprioception can be corrected by ball sports.
A child around three years old can train him to shoot a ball, and after becoming proficient, ask him to alternate pats with his left and right hands. Older children can train them to play table tennis and badminton, starting with simple decomposition movements and gradually transforming into coherent movements.
Ball sports can help children exercise the coordination of small muscles and large muscles, improve reflexes and flexibility, and are also greatly beneficial for attention, hand-eye coordination and future learning ability.
2. Jumping grid (from 3 years old)
The location is best outdoors, and it is also feasible to change the location at home, as long as you use the puzzle mat at home.
The gameplay is very easy, each piece of floor mat is placed on the ground and fixed, the spacing needs to be 20 to 30 cm, and then you can let the child step on the floor mat in a jumping way and repeat it.
The play of jumping grid is very helpful for children's spatial concepts and proprioception stimulation. In the process of jumping, it also involves the control and coordination of the muscles of various parts of the child's body to balance muscle tone.
Visual sense is out of balance
Performance: Unable to read fluently, often skip reading or missing reading, more words and fewer words; writing is upside down, even illiterate, forget when you learn, do not do calculations, often copy the wrong questions and copy missing questions, like to look at fans or rotating things, look at things in a daze or squint your eyes.
Vision is the most important feeling of a person. Children with visual sensory disorders have normal intelligence, but the coordination of the child's brain and body parts is impaired, making many excellent aspects unable to perform. Usually children can easily correct the phenomenon of sensory system disorder through the training method of visual sensory system disorder before the age of 12.
Once over 12 years old, it will be fixed and cannot be changed. That's why some children are smart when they are young, but they grow up to be very average.
1. Conceding the ball (from 1 to 3 years old)
When the child is one year old, the rubber ball with a diameter of about 20 centimeters can be placed in front of the child, and the child is encouraged to take the initiative to reach for the ball; after the child is two years old, he can play advanced games, that is, use a rubber ball of 20 to 30 centimeters, and then sit on the ground with the child about two meters apart, and play the game of passing with the child in the form of a rolling ball.
At the age of three, your child can complete the advanced game, extend the distance between you and your child to 3 to 5 meters, and change to passing the ball in a bouncing way.
Throwing and catching games can improve the coordination of your child's hand-eye, bilateral, and visual tracking. It also has a good role in promoting the development of children's cognitive abilities such as distance perception and depth perception.
2. Find the difference (from 3 to 4 years old)
Some children cannot distinguish between similar words, "to" and "to live", "self" and "have", etc.
Parents can choose some similar pictures or text, or search for special "find different" materials on the Internet, so that children can identify from simple to complex, find out the differences, and be more interesting.
Finding different games can exercise your child's visual and grasp of details, as well as the intensity of concentration and coverage of attention.
Tactile system disorders
Performance: avoid contact or hate to be touched, nervous and lonely, afraid of unfamiliar environments, nail biting and crying, excessive attachment to parents, easy to produce separation anxiety, or excessive nervousness and love to annoy others, partial eating or overeating grumpy, restless and love to fight.
Children with an overly sensitive sense of touch usually react faster and have a higher IQ, but because the emotions cannot be controlled, the ability of emotional intelligence will be very poor, resulting in two people at home and outside the judgment, which in turn affects the healthy development of children's emotions and personality, and if the touch is dull, it will cause the child's learning ability to be poor.
1. Ground Adventure (from 1 to 2 years old)
Only different materials of the carpet are needed to help children with tactile stimulation.
The way to play is very simple, when the child is one year old, you can arrange a variety of carpets of different materials at home, let the child climb or walk on the carpet, or engage in any game, so that the baby can accept the stimulation of different materials.
From the age of two, parents can do a slightly more difficult design, arbitrarily change the height of the carpet, and let the child engage in various games on the carpet of different heights.
Ground adventure games can help children improve their motor planning skills, exercise children's emergency handling of different situations, and lay a good foundation for the development of children's adaptability.
2. Magic Pocket (from 3 months to 3 years old)
Find a pocket with 3-5 toys or fruits, let the child touch it, ask him what he touched, and then let the child take it out and see if it is right.
Parents of older children provide instructions on what to take and ask their children to find out according to the instructions.
Finally, you can try to negate the instructions, such as: "Take out the things you can't drink", "Take out the things that are not blue", and so on.
Magic Pocket Games can help children improve cognitive recognition, such as color distinction, classification of functions, etc.
Auditory system disorders
Performance: Listening to and not hearing the words of others, throwing them around, often forgetting what the teacher said and the homework assigned, screaming or talking to themselves for no reason, often hearing a certain sound and being in a daze or especially afraid of a certain sound.
When the child is born, the visual and auditory senses "perform their respective duties", and the visual and auditory training of the child from an early age helps the "connection" and development between the senses.
There are many kinds of audio toys that promote children's hearing, such as various music boxes, rattles, rattles, blow molding and kneading toys of various shapes, accordions that can be played, and various hanging toys that make sounds.
1. Sounds of nature (6 months to 4 years old)
Take your child to the park or the wild on holidays, let him contact nature, and listen to the rich sounds of nature, such as the sound of wind, water, insects, birds, lions roaring, tiger roaring, etc.
Parents can also buy or make some NATURAL sounds CD disks, put them on their children, and tell their children what these sounds are. You can also use your mouth to imitate the sounds of various animals and nature, and encourage children to imitate these sounds.
Nature's sound games can help children get close to nature, improve their sensitivity to sounds and recognition, and enhance their attention.
2. Listen to instructions to do actions (1~6 years old)
Children aged 1-3 can make one-step instructions, such as raising their hands and feet.
Children aged 3-6 can listen to instructions to do the opposite action, such as one step instruction: touch the left ear, the child should touch the right ear, such as the two-step instruction: cover the left eye with the right hand, the child's action is to cover the right eye with the left hand.
Listening to instructions and doing actions can improve auditory attention and auditory discrimination, improve the integration ability of hearing and motion perception, and improve learning ability.