The "Spring Festival" in the Four Masterpieces
Dream of the Red Chamber
Among the four famous works, "Dream of the Red Chamber" is the closest to the world, recording the prosperity of the world and the cold of the world, and the description of folk customs, food, clothing and housing is subtle. Cao Xueqin used wonderful pen and ink to delicately depict the lively scene of the New Year in Jia Province in the fifty-third "NingguoFu Chinese New Year's Eve Ancestral Shrine, Rongguofu Lantern Festival". From Chinese New Year's Eve to the fifteenth day of the first month, I wrote it over and over again.
"At present, it is the waxing moon, and the year is approaching, and Madame Wang and Sister Feng are doing new things." As soon as the season arrives, Jia Fu is busy.
First of all, we must prepare for the ancestor worship, "Jia Zhen opened a ancestral hall, cleaned up, packed up the offerings, asked the God Lord, and cleaned the upper room again, in preparation for the hanging image of the offering." ”
As a large landlord, Wu Jinxiao, the head of the Zhuangtou who contracted the land of the Jia family manor, also paid tribute and gave gifts to the Jia family according to the rules, "Thirty big deer, fifty roe deer, fifty roe deer, twenty Siamese pigs... Two hundred catties of miscellaneous fish, two hundred live chickens, ducks, and geese, two hundred wind chickens, ducks, geese, pheasants, and rabbits each have two hundred pairs..." The equivalent of silver is as much as two thousand five hundred taels.
With so many New Year goods, Jia Zhen of Ning Province complained too little, and even reprimanded: "This is enough to do!" You guys are in the ring again, it's really called don't new year! ”
By the twenty-ninth day of the waxing moon, all colors were ready, and Rong Ning "changed the door gods, joint pairs, and listings in both houses", and the conspicuous places such as the peach symbols that were pasted on the door head, the peach symbols for blessings and disasters, and the façade generally needed oil decorations to see the new and brightened, so the book wrote: "The new oil peach symbols are renewed. Ningguo Mansion from the gate, Yi Gate, Hall, Warm Pavilion, Inner Hall, Inner Three Doors, Inner Yi Gate and Inner Gate, until the main hall, all the way to the main gate open, on both sides of the steps under a color of vermilion high light, point two golden dragons general. ”
Jia Fu's New Year's exquisiteness, even to the extreme of pressing the age of money: "The bag of broken gold before was a total of one hundred and fifty-three two six dollars and seven cents, with different colors in it, a total of two hundred and twenty hammers poured out" "Only to see that there are also plum blossoms, there are also begonias, there are also pen ingots, and there are also eight treasures of the spring."
The time of ancestor worship is Chinese New Year's Eve, which is also the biggest ceremony of the New Year. Every year Chinese New Year's Eve, the Jia family holds a solemn ancestor worship ceremony, which is not only for the actual need to pass on the lineage and continue the incense, but also a solemn ceremony for future generations to repay and thank the ancestors.
Because Mother Jia had a seal, she had to go to the palace to pay homage, and then came to the ancestral hall, and the disciples had already lined up to greet them. At the beginning of the sacrifice, a band plays music, three times in total, and then the next time the wine is burned, and all the participants in the sacrifice perform the ritual together.
After the sacrifice of the ancestral shrine, the brigade went to the main hall to pray to the ancestral relics. The book describes the scene at that time: "Five halls, three holding houses, inner and outer corridor eaves, steps up and down, two danqi, flowers are clustered, and there is no gap in the open space", it can be imagined that the scene must be spectacular.
The next step was to pay homage to Jia Mu, the current eldest elder of the Jia family. After worshiping His Holiness, you must also worship the Elders. The masters of each rank sat down one by one and accepted the salute of the men and women of the two houses. At the same time as receiving the gift, the money began to be scattered, including prepared gold and silver hammers and purses. After receiving the gift and scattering the money, the family feast begins. That night, there were also programs to burn incense for the Buddhist halls and stove kings everywhere.
Jia Fu celebrates the Spring Festival until the day of the "Dragon Raises Up" on February 2. Although the strict hierarchical system of ancient times is displayed everywhere, the strong smell of the year revealed in it is also beyond our reach today.
Journey to the West
"Journey to the West" is a great romantic novel in ancient China, which integrates the cultures of Confucianism and Taoism, and naturally describes the traditional culture of the Spring Festival.
In "Journey to the West", in order to obtain the True Scriptures, Tang monks and disciples went through fourteen years of cold and summer, and spent fourteen Spring Festivals on the road before they arrived at Lingshan and returned to Chang'an.
So, how do Tang monks and disciples celebrate the New Year? Most of the time, the expression is cold and summer, and in the blink of an eye, it is another year, or: there is no nail in the mountains, and the cold does not know the year, so it is passed.
However, in the 91st episode of the novel, "Confession of tang monks in Jinping Province's YuanyeGuan Lantern Xuanying Cave", The Tang monks and apprentices come to the "Ciyun Temple" in Jinping Province, Tianzhu County, and after the monks of the temple have served the fasting meal, the Tang monks and disciples want to leave. The monks said that the teacher stayed for a day or two, and after the Lantern Festival, he might as well play tricks.
"Today is the thirteenth day of the first month, and the lamp will be tried at night, and the next fifteen yuan will not be given until eighteen or nineteen." My family here is a good thing, this house is too guarded by the old man and loves the people, and all the places are lit up and played all night. ”
The Tang monks and apprentices met a Lantern Festival in Jinping Province, which was also part of the New Year. "Three or five good night festival, shangyuan spring color and." Flower lanterns hang in the city, singing Taiping songs together. I also saw that the lights of the six streets and three cities were on, and the first rise was seen in mid-air. That month, like Feng Yi pushing on a rotten silver plate, this lamp was like a fairy weaving into a paving brocade. The lamp reflects the moon, doubling the brilliance; the moonlight, adding a very brilliant. I can't see the iron lock star bridge, and I can't see the lights and spark trees. Snowflake lamps, plum blossom lamps, spring ice cuts; embroidered screen lights, picture screen lights, colorful accumulation. Walnut lamp, lotus lamp, lamp tower hanging high; green lion lamp, white elephant lamp, lampstand high. Shrimp lamps, turtle lamps, high lanes in front of the shed; sheep lamps, rabbit lamps, under the eaves of the spirit. Eagle lamps and phoenix lamps are connected and merged; tiger lamps and horse lamps walk together. Crane lantern, white deer lamp, birthday star riding seat; goldfish lamp, long whale lamp, Li Bai high ride. Aoshan lanterns, immortal gatherings; marquee lights, martial generals clash. Thousands of lights and towers, ten miles of cloud smoke world. The wall compartment, the solang lang yu tan flew in; this wall box, the hub rutted through. Look at the red makeup upstairs, leaning on the railing, across the curtain, shoulder to shoulder, holding hands, both beautiful women are greedy; by the green water bridge, noisy, clustered, drunk, laughing, laughing, playing with tourists. The drums are noisy all over the city, and the songs are sung throughout the night. There are poems to prove it. Poetry: The colorful lotus is sung in the splendid embroidery field, and the taiping territory is crowded with people. The lights are bright and bright, and the lantern night, the rain and the wind are adjusted for many years. At this time, It was Kingo who couldn't help it, the countless people who were baking randomly, there were dancing, stilted, ghostly, elephant-riding, east and west, endless. ”
So lively, even today's Qinhuai Lantern Festival, it is slightly inferior. However, because Tang Monk's disciples saw a difficulty because they saw the lamp, Tang Monk was captured again!
Water Margin
In the Song Dynasty, the New Year was already very lively, setting off firecrackers, drinking Tu Su, changing peach charms, etc., and many Spring Festival customs had been basically fixed.
There are many descriptions of the New Year in "Water Margin", but the most is the description of the Lantern Festival, and the "lamp" is mentioned many times.
On the evening of the fifteenth day of the first month, the lights will enter the climax, "in front of the house, tie the lamp shed, race to hang the lights, shine like the day, it is the fire on the platform, the cars and horses come and go to see people."
For example: the thirty-second time "Song Jiang looked at Xiao'ao Mountain at night, and Hua Rong made a big fuss about Qingfeng Village". During the Lantern Festival, Song Jiang drank wine together in Huarong Village and watched the lanterns.
In the seventy-second "Chai Jin Hairpin Flowers Enter the Forbidden Garden, Li Kuiyuan Haunts Tokyo at Night", Song Jiang entered Beijing on the eleventh day of the first month to seek security, and everywhere in Tokyo City, "people dressed in brocade and flowers and hats crowded one after another, each with their own clothes."
The 110th time "Yan Qing Qiu Lin Cross Shot, Song Jiang Tokyo City Sacrifice Prisoner". At that time, Song Jiang had just destroyed Wang Qing, and it was New Year's Day, so he went to the Heavenly Son, but was obstructed by Cai Jing, "from dawn until noon, Fang began to dip xie en imperial wine." Then, "On the first day of the New Year, the Tokyo Annual Festival, the lanterns are displayed, the Lantern Festival is celebrated, and the lights are lit on all roads, and they are placed at each gate." During the Lantern Festival, Yan Qing, Li Kui, Shi Qian, Le He and others met to see the lantern party.
There is a time in "Water Margin", which more completely reflects the customs of the Spring Festival of the Song Dynasty. The ninety-third time "Li Kui dreamed of making trouble in Tianchi, and Song Jiangbing divided into two roads." It is said that after Song Jiang was recruited, he made meritorious contributions and asked himself to send troops to suppress Tian Hu. This time, Song Jiang captured Gaizhou City. While performing the performance, he learned that Zhang Qing had recovered from his illness and An Daoquan had arrived, and Song Jiang was very happy. Song Jiang Xi said, "Very good." Tomorrow is the New Year's Day of the fifth year of Xuanhe, but we have to gather. On New Year's Day, Song Jiang led the brothers to put on official clothes and look forward to the pilgrimage. Ninety-two leaders wore red brocade robes and paid homage to Song Jiang one after another. Song Pioneer held a feast in a big row, celebrated the feast, and the brothers took turns to give song Jiang a birthday sacrifice, and a drunken party rested. On the second day of the first lunar month, it was spring again, and Song Jiang led everyone to the eastern suburbs to welcome the spring, which coincided with heavy snowfall. Diwen Xingxiao let out the origin of the "six flying flowers", which attracted the admiration of everyone. That night, Song Jiang put wine in Yichun Garden again, watched the pine snow, and staggered. Li Kui slept soundly through wine, killed people in his dreams, and was instructed by a high-ranking person to crack Tian Hu's method, and when he woke up, he smashed the wine table with a punch.
It can be said that this time I basically wrote about the New Year's events.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms" mainly talks about the world's major events, and the details are not known, which mentions the New Year's events, which are generally mentioned in a brush.
For example, on the sixty-ninth time, when talking about Geng Ji and five other people planning to fight Cao Cao on the Lantern Festival, Luo Guanzhong wrote: "On the fifteenth night of the first month, the sky is clear, the stars and moons are shining, the six streets and three cities are competing for flower lanterns." The real Kingo can't help it, the jade leak is not urgent! ”
In the fifty-fifth time "Xuan De Zhi stimulated Lady Sun, Kong Ming Erqi Zhou Gongjin", Sun Quan and Zhou Yu made a false come true, lost his wife and folded the army, and had no choice but to match Sun Shangxiang with Liu Bei. Zhou Yu asked Sun Quan to raise Liu Bei and teach him not to think about Shu. Zhao Yun followed Zhuge Liang's plan and persuaded Liu Bei to return to Jingzhou. Liu Beizhi provoked Lady Sun, and Lady Sun and Liu Bei made a "New Year's Day secret". "When concubines and Jun Zhengdan paid homage to each other, they pretended to worship their ancestors by the river and left without telling them, so what?" Xuan De knelt down again and thanked zhao yun, secretly calling zhao yun: "On the day of the new day, first lead the sergeant out of the city to wait." "On the day of New Year's Day, the spring of the fifteenth year of Jian'an, the New Year's Day, Sun Quan assembled the wen and martial arts in the hall. XuanDe and Lady Sun entered the state of Worship, acted according to the plan, and fled back to Jingzhou. It can be seen from here that at that time, it was customary to worship ancestors on New Year's Day and feast at a large feast.
Another example: the twenty-third time "You Zhengping scolded the thief naked, and Doctor Ji was poisoned and tortured." It is said that Cao Cao blackmailed the Son of Heaven to order the princes, and the Han XianDi secretly granted the uncle Dong Chengyi to bring an edict to Cao. Dong Cheng thought about the plan to get rid of Cao day and night. In the fifth year of Jian'an, on New Year's Day, he saw that Cao Cao's arrogance was getting worse and worse, and he felt indignant. Emperor Xian of Han sent the physician Ji Ping to see Dong Cheng. That day happened to be the Lantern Festival, Dong Chengliu Jiping feasted and drank, and as a result, Dong Cheng was drunk. Lying in peace, in a dream, he planned to take advantage of the emptiness in the city and gather a crowd to kill Cao, but unexpectedly shouted out. As a result, Ji Ping learned of the edict of the cloth belt and asked Cao Cao to poison cao with the opportunity to cure his head. Unexpectedly, the plan was leaked, Ji Ping was tortured to death by Cao Cao, the clothes belt was searched, and Dong Cheng, Wang Zifu and others were killed.
In "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the New Year is thrilling, and the joyful atmosphere is greatly reduced.
To sum up, the New Year in the four masterpieces:
The New Year in "Dream of the Red Chamber" is more generous, more than connections, and more powerful.
In the New Year in "Journey to the West", we must always beware of the master being captured;
In the New Year in "Water Margin", eating meat in a big mouth, drinking wine, and finishing the trouble;
In the New Year in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", no one is indispensable to conspiracies and tricks.
The child's growth process,
It's like the growth process of a tree,
The most honest, the most explicit,
What is watered, what grows.
Declaration of ingenuity
"I'm fully engaged in teaching my kids because I know,
In these short years, I will have a lifelong impact on my children.
I don't waste a minute or a second, I treat them like my own children,
And see yourself as a teacher and a parent, not just a teacher! ”