When it comes to the Qingming Festival, you must think of Du Mu's "The rain is pouring during the Qingming Festival, and the pedestrians on the road want to break their souls."
When you mention the Lantern Festival, your mind will definitely come up with Ouyang Xiu's "willow head on the moon, people about after dusk".
At that time, when the Mid-Autumn Festival, facing a round of haoyue in the sky, you must not help but chant, "I hope that people will be long- and thousands of miles will be cherished together."
In China, each festival must have a corresponding poem, which is the sentiment and romance that belongs to the Chinese.
So in Chinese New Year's Eve, which poem will come to mind for this traditional festival that Chinese most anticipate and is most worth celebrating?
At the end of the year, I gathered with my family to welcome the arrival of the New Year together, and I wished all the best wishes in my heart, appealed to the pen end, and the pen and ink flowed, conveying a strong affection.
Gao Shi - the most miserable Chinese New Year's Eve
"Except for the Night"
Don Gaushi
The hotel is cold and sleepless, and the guest's heart turns miserable.
Hometown tonight thinking of thousands of miles, frost sideburns Ming Dynasty another year.
The poem has no specific context, and it is difficult to determine its specific year. But the title tells you that it was a poem written on the night of Chinese New Year's Eve, and that the poet was wandering away and living away.
The poet lives in an inn, alone with a broken lamp, and has difficulty sleeping. For some reason, the poet's mood became very desolate and sad. On this Chinese New Year's Eve night, the poet imagines the scene of the hometown people missing themselves thousands of miles away, and tomorrow they will add another year and add a lot of gray hair.
Alone in a foreign land for strangers, every festive season to think of relatives. What's more, it was Chinese New Year's Eve night, and this thought was even more painful and miserable.
Gao Shi ( ) was a famous Poet of Biansai in the Tang Dynasty , and has always been known as the Poet of Biansai , and together with Cen Shan , Wang Changling , and Wang Zhizhuo , he was known as the "Four Poets of Biansai " .
However, this "Except for the Night" has changed the majesty of the poem, the poetry style is easy and natural, the whole poem does not have a strange word, there is no gorgeous rhetoric, the poet uses almost straightforward colloquial language, expresses the true feelings of Chinese New Year's Eve night, and writes the emotions in the heart of the wanderer in the other village to the fullest, which makes people cry.
"Commentary on Selected Tang Poems" commented that "the hometown is thinking of thousands of miles tonight, and the Frost Side Ming Dynasty is another year." "Among the guests Chinese New Year's Eve heard these two sentences, who is not sad?
Wen Tianxiang - the last Chinese New Year's Eve in his life
"Except for the Night"
Song Wen Tianxiang
The air is empty, and the years are gone.
The end of the road is stormy, and the poor side is full of snow and frost.
Life is exhausted with the years, and the world is forgotten.
There is no revenge to slaughter Su Meng, and the lights are not yet in the night.
Wen Tianxiang, first name Yunsun, the word Song Rui, and the word Lushan. Dao no. Fu Xiu Dao Ren, Wen Shan. Politicians, writers, patriotic poets, famous anti-Yuan courtiers, and national heroes at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, together with Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie, were called the "Three Masters of the Late Song Dynasty".
On January 9, 1283, after rejecting Kublai Khan's last persuasion to surrender, Wen Tianxiang wrote the "Absolute Poem" at the execution site, and then went south to worship and calmly and righteously, at the age of 48.
This poem was written in the 18th year of the Yuan Dynasty, that is, in 1282 AD, and it was the last Chinese New Year's Eve night of Wen Tianxiang's life.
In the summer of the first year of Xiangxing (1278), the Southern Song Dynasty had reached its final moment, and after the fiasco at the Battle of Yashan and The Sea, the Southern Song Dynasty perished. In December, Wen Tianxiang was captured. At the time of writing this poem, Wen Tianxiang had been imprisoned for more than three years. During these three years or so, Wen Tianxiang repeatedly refused Kublai Khan's persuasion to surrender, and even Zhao Xian, the Emperor Gong of the Southern Song Dynasty, personally came to persuade him to surrender, and Wen Tianxiang did not mention the word surrender.
Perhaps with a premonition that his time is short, this poem is not as heroic and generous as other poems, the whole poem is diluted and peaceful, expressing only the simple wish of the great hero to gather with his family to drink Tusu wine for the New Year, and even reveals a trace of loneliness and pathos between the lines, because even such a simple and simple wish can never be realized.
But this is the true human nature, people are not grass and trees, who can be ruthless. Even the iron-blooded boy who "lives since ancient times who has not died, and who leaves Dan's heart to take care of sweat and green", there is also a tender side and a "fragile" side.
In the poem, the poet said sadly: Life is exhausted with the years, and the body is forgotten.
But have we forgotten? No, no matter how time changes, no matter how the years change, we will never forget that Wen Tianxiang is a symbol of the national spirit and the integrity of the Chinese nation.
Lu You - the most joyful Chinese New Year's Eve
"Snow At Night"
Song Lu you
The north wind blows snow four more early, Jiarui Heavenly Sect and the year is removed.
Half a lamp of Tu Su Yu was not lifted, and the small grass in front of the lamp wrote a peach symbol.
Chinese New Year's Eve night if it is snowy, it is really excellent, such a beautiful scenery let Lu You encounter, so he wrote this song "Night Snow".
Lu You (陸游), courtesy name Wuguan (字務觀), was a native of Shanyin, Yuezhou (present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang), grandson of Lu You, the right hand of Shangshu, and a Southern Song Dynasty writer, historian, and patriotic poet.
Lu You has worked tirelessly all his life, and now there are more than 9,000 surviving poems, which is the poet with the most surviving poems, Lu You's poems have both Li Bai's majestic exuberance and Du Fu's melancholy and sadness, whether it is an impassioned patriotic poem or a small poem describing pastoral scenery and daily life, there are remarkable places.
This small poem belongs to the latter, and the whole poem shows the poet's love for life and love for snow.
The poet said: On the fourth day, the north wind blew a heavy snow, which was given by God on the night of Chinese New Year's Eve, heralding a good harvest in the coming year. Before the glass with half a cup of Tu Su wine on the table could be raised to celebrate the New Year, the poet wrote the peach charm of welcoming spring in cursive font with the light.
For example, Wang Anshi's "Yuan Day" "In the sound of firecrackers, the spring breeze sends warmth into Tu Su." Thousands of households always exchange new peaches for old charms. "Drinking Tu Su wine and changing it to a new peach charm is a way to celebrate the New Year."
Cui Tu - the loneliest Chinese New Year's Eve
"The Book of the Night in the Bashan Road"
Don Cui Tu
Passing the three bus roads, the body is in danger.
Chaotic mountains and snowy nights, lonely candles and strangers.
Gradually, he became distant from the flesh and bones, and turned to the servant relatives.
That kan is drifting, and tomorrow is new.
Cui Tu, Zi Li Shan, Shan Yin Lu, You Shan Flute, late Tang Dynasty poet, lifelong wandering, so his poems are mostly based on the theme of the life of the wandering, and its mood is desolate.
This is One of Cui Tu's most famous poems, especially his jaw link "Chaotic mountains and snowy nights, lonely candles and strangers" is a famous sentence throughout the ages.
"迢移" refers to the distant appearance, and "Three Ba" refers to Ba County, Padang, and Brazil, in present-day northeastern Sichuan. The author speculates that it should be the author's hometown in the Bazhong area of Sichuan. "Bondage" refers to the life of wandering in the midst of hardships and dangers. The poet said: Chinese New Year's Eve night, I trekked on the rough and distant Samba Road, and lived in a dangerous place thousands of miles away.
"Chaotic mountains and snowy nights, lonely candles" of the "candle" has a saying that "alone", secretly think that "alone" is not as good as "candles", lonely strangers can certainly see the poet's loneliness and loneliness, but if it is "lonely candles", you want to even "candle fire" is lonely, and people care? And the "lone candle" is opposite to the lone guest, the state of matter and human feelings, reflect each other, and its inner loneliness is self-evident. This sentence is the same as Ma Dai's "Bashang Autumn Residence" "Leaves fall from other village trees, cold lights alone", which can be described as the same work, equally gripping, and heartbreaking to read. Combined with the previous sentence "Chaotic Mountain Residual Snow Night", such a night is really lonely and desolate.
Therefore, the poet sighed: because he was getting farther and farther away from his relatives, he gradually became closer to the bookboy and the servants. This is reasonable, because when at home, the presence of relatives and flesh and blood often ignores the presence of servants. Now that he is wandering away, his family is separated, and only the servants accompany him, he feels that the servants are amiable, and at the same time brings a little comfort to such a lonely Chinese New Year's Eve night. However, this also reflects the pain of wandering in detention from the side.
Finally, the poet sighed helplessly: "That can be drifting, tomorrow is the new year." The poet said that it was unbearable to spend Chinese New Year's Eve night in the wanderings, and he could not help but feel sad at the thought of one more year of age tomorrow.
Xin Wenfang of the Yuan Dynasty commented on Cui Tu in the "Biography of Tang Caizi": "Gong poetry, deep study of the cave, the end can be moved by people, writing scenery is nostalgic, and often preaching the heart. "This is evident from this.
In the Qing Dynasty, He Pei commented on this poem in the "Poetry of the Wine Garden": Reading it is like cool rain and miserable wind, this so-called true poem.
Chen Shidao - the most sad Chinese New Year's Eve
"Except for the Night to the Wine Gift"
Song Chen Shidao
Late in the year, the passengers in front of the lamp are not empty.
In the midst of half a life of sorrow, a dream has no place.
Short hair whitening, Yan waning wine borrowed red.
I sang and danced, and the scrawled down slightly the same.
Unlike the previous four poets who have lived alone Chinese New Year's Eve, it can be known from the title that this poem was composed by the poet and his friend Qin Shaozhang while drinking.
So, who is Qin Shaozhang? Shaozhang: The name Qin Qian (秦觏), also spelled Shaozhang, was the younger brother of the famous northern Song Dynasty poet Qin Guan. He is a friend of the poet.
Chen Shidao (陈師道), a native of Pengcheng, Xuzhou (present-day Xuzhou, Jiangsu), one of the "Six Gentlemen of Sumen", and a representative figure of the Jiangxi poetry school (Fang Hui put forward the "one ancestor and three sects" of the Jiangxi poetry school in the "Yingkui Law", Chen Shidao is one of the "three sects").
Chen Shidao's poems were influenced by Huang Tingjian, and he strove to "have no word and no origin", but his learning was not as good as Huang Tingjian's, so he often fell into a dilemma, and had the feeling of demolishing the east wall to make up for the west wall. Huang Tingjian called it "finding Chen Wuji behind closed doors."
But as Qian Zhongshu said, Chen Shidao also has some good poems in his pen, such as this five-word poem "Giving Less Chapters to Wine except at Night".
Chen Shidao was poor all his life, even too poor to support his family, and his wife and children went to Sichuan with his father-in-law Guo Kuo, leaving him alone and alone. But even if he was alone, he often cut off the cooking, and ate the last meal without eating. Therefore, on this Chinese New Year's Eve night, when the poet and his friends were drunk and hot, the poet could not help but think of his own tragic experience, so he wrote this poem.
The first part of this poem writes that he feels lonely in addition to the night, and he happens to have a guest to accompany him, and he feels very happy. The jaw and neck joints recall that they have been poor for half their lives, and they have not aged and have declined. The tail link and the first link echo, because the main and guest are slightly the same, the same disease, so one person chants poetry, one person sings and dances.
"Short hair whitening, yan fading wine borrows red." It is a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages, and Ji Xiaolan commented: "The divine power is complete, and it is possible to sing." ”
The poet here says," "Short hair whitening," but he doesn't necessarily have gray hair on his head. He also said that "Yan Wanjiu borrowed red", and his face was not necessarily so old. For the poet was only thirty-four years old.
However, the ancients said, "Thirty and standing." The poet spends half his life in poverty and sorrow: although the poet is talented, he has nowhere to show it; although he has ambitions, he cannot achieve them, and his inner sorrow can be imagined.
Five Chinese New Year's Eve poems, five different life encounters, five different senses of truth, which sentence can touch your heart the most?
Well, that's it for this issue, and we'll see you next time.
Wen | Ding XII
Figure | network
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