There were many strategists emerging during the Three Kingdoms period, but there were few who shined, and the most often mentioned were Zhuge Liang, Sima Yi and the like, of which Zhuge Liang could simply be called the representative of the Strategists of the Three Kingdoms, and among the strategists, the highest status climbed.
But in recent years, there has been a saying circulating on the Internet - Guo Jia does not die, Wolong does not come out!
Guo Jia and Zhuge Liang are indeed two very special among the many strategists of the Three Kingdoms, and Zhuge Liang means to Liu Bei as Guo Jia to Cao Cao, and even Chairman Mao has compared the two.
So how did Chairman Mao evaluate the two? Is Guo Jia really more powerful than Zhuge Liang?
Chairman Mao
Guo Jiaqi people - discerning the Lord
To find out who Guo Jia and Zhuge Liang were the First Counselors of the Three Kingdoms, first analyze the lives of the two.
The historical Zhuge Liang, whose deeds are widely circulated, and Guo Jia's premature death, resulting in his deeds being buried with time, so the author focuses on the analysis of Guo Jia's life, and then briefly reviews Zhuge Liang's deeds to make an assessment.
Guo Jia was born in 170 AD in Yingchuan (present-day Henan) and was known for his ambitions as a young man.
In 190 AD, Guo Jia, who was only twenty years old, had already seen that the Han Dynasty was about to be in chaos, when the masses would rise up, and he had to make preparations earlier, so he privately made a lot of heroes, but he was extremely low-key in the world, waiting for the opportunity with the attitude of "seeing the world with a discerning eye".
This is very consistent with Zhuge Liang's mentality when he lived in seclusion in Nanyang, and sure enough, smart people have something in common.
In the first year of Jian'an, that is, in 196 AD, Guo Jia finally found an opportunity to join Yuan Shao's command.
Yuan Shao was a tyrant who rose up at the beginning of the early Eastern Han Dynasty, and his rise was faster than Liu Bei and Cao Cao, so at that time Guo Jia would think that it was a good choice to surrender to him, but it was not long before he left, for the simple reason, in Guo Jia's words: "Although Yuan Gong imitated the ancients Li Xian corporal, he only imitated it and did not know how to appoint talents." Although he thinks a lot, he does not have the gist, he has a strategy but lacks decisiveness, and it is difficult to establish hegemony by working with him! ”
Not long after, Cao Cao's adviser Xi Zhi died, this person was Cao Cao's right and left arm, and his death caused Cao Cao a lot of blows, at this time, Xun Yu, who knew Guo Jia and was a fellow countryman, recommended Guo Jia to Cao Cao.
After Cao Cao saw Guo Jia, he had a long conversation with him, on the current situation, Guo Jia put his talents and learnings in his heart to the fullest, and his analysis of current events was deeply recognized by Cao Cao, and after the two talked, Cao Cao announced: "In the future, I can help me establish a hegemony, but Guo Jia!" ”
Guo Jia was also very grateful, and also said on the spot: "I have finally found the true Lord!" ”
Guo Jia's reason for choosing Cao Cao was very simple, in fact, from what he said when he left Yuan Shao, you can know what kind of lord Guo Jia wants to find.
Guo Jia said that Yuan Shao only imitated the ancient corporal Li Xian, but in fact did not know how to appoint talents, although he had a lot of thoughts, he could not make points, and he had strategy and no decision.
Therefore, Guo Jia's criteria for choosing the master are actually: discerning talents, arranging people with different talents to the right position, having courage and strategy, and having a strategy in the belly.
And the historical Cao Cao was evaluated as "the able minister of ruling the world, the tyrant of the chaotic world", which is the ideal lord in Guo Jia's heart! Therefore, Cao Cao's wise eyes recognized the talents and appointed Guo Jia; and Guo Jiahui saw the Lord, so that he had the opportunity to shine from then on.
Guo Jiaqiren - talent and strategy, the wonder of the world
After Guo Jia met Cao Cao, it was really the fish that returned to the river and began to show his inner wonders.
He was good at analyzing the situation and grasping the psychology of the enemy, especially the judgment of various situations within the enemy army was quite sharp and to the point, helping Cao Cao to win many incredible victories.
In the second year of Jian'an, Cao Cao hesitated to break with Yuan Shao, and Guo Jia analyzed cao Cao and stated that Cao Cao had ten reasons for winning, while Yuan Shao had ten reasons for failure, which is the famous "ten victories and ten defeats theory". His analysis completely conquered Cao Cao and laid the groundwork for the subsequent victory in the Battle of Guandu.
In the third year of Jian'an, Liu Bei came to cao cao, cao cao hesitated to kill Liu Bei, Guo Jia analyzed to Cao Cao, showing a point of view: killing Liu Bei, the harm outweighs the benefits.
At that time, Cao Cao had not yet unified the north, and he needed to attract strategists and military generals to come to him, and he had to show that he was "a courtesy corporal, and a thirst for talents." Therefore, Guo Jia believes that Liu Bei cannot be killed yet, but Liu Bei has ambitions and must not be prevented.
Cao Cao agreed with this, but unfortunately Cao Cao vainly tried to impress Liu Bei to follow him, and was too careless with Liu Bei to let the tiger return to the mountain, and he himself regretted not listening to Guo Jia's advice.
Liu Bei (stills)
In September of the third year of Jian'an, Cao Cao attacked Xuzhou and besieged Lü Bu in Xiapi, Lü Bu became a shrunken-headed turtle, and Cao Cao besieged the city for half a year without fighting, and even had the idea of giving up.
Guo Jia also offered a strange plot, believing that since the side that attacked the city was exhausted, the side defending the city must also be on the verge of collapse. Cao Cao heeded the advice and launched a final onslaught, and sure enough, he captured Xia Pi and killed Lü Bu.
In the fifth year of Jian'an, Cao Cao and Yuan Shao launched a battle for hegemony, and at Guandu there was a stalemate, at which point the military's morale was gradually shaken, and many strategists suggested that Cao Cao give up and continue to hold the stalemate that might allow Sun Ce in Jiangdong to sneak into his rear.
However, at every critical moment, Guo Jia was always able to stand up and let Cao Cao Mao Set off, and Guo Jiali dismissed the public opinion: "Sun Ce is a rash person who does not know how to take precautions, if he dares to come to the Central Plains, he will definitely be assassinated and killed." ”
Not long after Sun Ce was killed by the Assassins, Cao Cao praised Guo Jia for his clever calculations, and in the subsequent Guandu War, Guo Jia often used the "ten victories and ten defeats theory" to motivate Cao Cao and help Cao Cao defeat Yuan Shao.
In the seventh year of Jian'an, Cao Cao pursued the remnants of Yuan Shao, and Guo Jia offered advice to let Cao Cao pretend to retreat, and the remnants of Yuan Shao would rebel because of the struggle for power. Cao Cao obeyed the retreat, the Yuan brothers were indeed deceived, and immediately infighting led to great confusion in the army, Cao Cao sent troops back halfway, killed a Hui carbine, and effortlessly wiped out the enemy army.
At this point, Cao Cao had almost cleared most of the obstacles to the unification of the north, and it was only a matter of time before the unification of the north.
From the beginning of the surrender to Cao Cao's command, Guo Jia can be described as a frequent plot, if there is no help from him, Cao Cao's pace of unifying the north will surely be delayed, Guo Jia is most famous for the "ten victories and ten defeats theory", and later generations believe that this theory almost includes the essence of the major martial arts at that time.
Because Guo Jia's magic tricks can always receive miraculous effects, he is called a divine magic calculation, and after him, there is another person who is also called a divine magic calculation - Zhuge Liang.
When guo jia really does not die, does Wolong not come out?
Guo Jiatian was a wizard and was deeply appreciated by Cao Cao, and Cao Cao had a very close relationship with him, treating him like a "close friend and friend", and the two often sat together in the car and sat at the same table.
In Cao Cao's army, military discipline has always been strict, but Guo Jia is obviously not bound by this, he is self-contained, eclectic, and more often in front of Cao Cao, he is like a friend than a courtier, and Cao Cao also likes him very much.
It can be seen that Guo Jia conquered Cao Cao with his own wisdom in order to enjoy this privilege, and Cao Cao, in accordance with his strategy, pacified the north in the twelfth year of Jian'an and initially established hegemony.
It is conceivable that if Guo Jia did not die, and Cao Cao took him south to conquer Liu Bei and attack Eastern Wu, would Cao Cao still experience a crushing defeat at the Battle of Chibi?
At that time, Zhuge Liang plus Zhou Yu, how wonderful is the confrontation with Guo Jia's wisdom and strategy?
Unfortunately, history did not have if, in the same year that Cao Cao pacified the north, Guo Jia fell ill and died, at the age of Chinese New Year's Eve eight.
After his death, a young man accompanied Liu Bei out of the mountains, set a plan for the three divisions of the world, united Eastern Wu against Cao Cao, and helped Liu Bei establish the Shu state from scratch, this person was the famous Zhuge Liang.
Zhuge Liang (stills)
History is such a coincidence, Guo Jia died, Wolong out of the mountain, and the sharp edge, almost no one in the world is comparable, is to say that "Guo Jia does not die, Wolong does not come out", Zhuge Liang knew that Guo Jia was a fierce enemy, so he stayed dormant until Guo Jia died of illness, only to come out of the mountain.
After Guo Jia's death, Cao Cao's confrontation with Liu Bei was indeed not as smooth as before, and he was able to capture Liu Bei at the time of Xinye, but Zhuge Liang burned Xinye, frustrated Cao Cao, and helped Liu Bei escape smoothly.
Zhuge Liang then joined forces with Sun Quan... A series of measures allowed Cao Cao to begin a journey of fiasco, and it seems that after Guo Jia's death, there was no one around Cao Cao who could compete with Zhuge Liang.
So, is it really "Guo Jia does not die, Wolong does not come out"?
The author boldly thinks that it is not.
Zhuge Liang and Guo Jia have many similarities, and even their protagonists have very similar attitudes towards each other.
We all know that Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang are not ordinary monarchs, just as Cao Cao treated Guo Jia, Liu Bei treated Zhuge Liang with great importance, even more. The two sit at the same table, and sometimes even talk about ideals until late at night, "lying on the same bed".
However, the situation of Zhuge Liang and Guo Jia was different, among the strategists of the Shu Kingdom, Zhuge Liang was the absolute backbone, Liu Bei's most important advisers were not one, and Pang Tong's status in Liu Bei's heart was not as good as Zhuge Liang, let alone others.
And Guo Jia? He was indeed deeply influenced by Cao Cao, but among Cao Cao's advisers, he was not the backbone, he was a person who was allowed by Cao Cao to "maverick".
To put it bluntly, Guo Jia's position in Cao Ying was far inferior to Zhuge Liang's position in Liu Bei's team.
And Zhuge Liang's high status is because he "sells" himself expensive.
Guo Jia took the initiative to defect to Cao Ying, but Zhuge Liang was personally invited by Liu Bei, one was given in white, the other was "sold", the status was naturally different, and Zhuge Liang could "sell" himself so expensive because Longzhong was right.
At the time of Longzhong confrontation, Zhuge Liang analyzed the situation, proposed three points in the world, and set a long-term strategy for Liu Bei at the moment and in the future, so that Liu Bei was suddenly enlightened, so that he could "sell" himself at a high price.
The situation in the world is changing, Zhuge Liang can never conceive of a three-point plan in a short period of time, he must have come to a conclusion after a long period of observation, which shows that he has actually been waiting for the opportunity to come out of the mountain, but he has not been able to find a "buyer".
Therefore, whether Guo Jia is alive or dead has nothing to do with Wolong coming out of the mountain.
Wolong already had the heart to go out of the mountains, otherwise it would not have been able to determine a strategy for dividing the world after long-term research, and the sooner such a thing as strategy was implemented, the better, because the plan could not catch up with the changes.
Therefore, it is inferred from this that Zhuge Liang already had the heart to go out of the mountain, and the statement that "Guo Jia does not die, and the Dragon does not come out" is not accurate.
Who is Guo Jia and Zhuge Liang the First Counselor of the Three Kingdoms? Chairman Mao made an assessment
Our great Chairman Mao actually liked to read about the Three Kingdoms very much, and he had a high opinion of Guo Jia, believing that there were no prophets and foresights in the world, and that Guo Jia had repeatedly made strange plans because he was good at judging and thinking, and at the same time he had room for it.
Chairman Mao praised Guo Jia for his "resourcefulness," Cao Cao's unification of the north, and Guo Jia's "high meritocracy," and highly praised Guo Jia's "ten victories and ten defeats theory," saying that Guo Jia's theory "involves almost all aspects of Chinese martial arts thinking" and "rarely succeeds in ancient and modern times."
It can be seen that Chairman Mao had a high evaluation of Guo Jia, believing that Cao Cao was able to pacify the north, guo Jia was indispensable, and guo Jia's description of Guo Jia was "resourceful", which fully affirmed Guo Jia's ability in the identity of a strategist.
"A resourceful strategist," this is Chairman Mao's assessment of Guo Jia.
So how did Chairman Mao evaluate Zhuge Liang? This is quite intriguing, in general, there are depreciations and praises.
Chairman Mao greatly admired Zhuge Liang's character, took his celebrities for granted through the ages, and called on party cadres to learn from Zhuge Liang's spirit of bowing down and doing his best, and to come together with the masses of the people, just like Zhuge Liang's "diligent administration and love for the people."
Zhuge Liang in his later years (stills)
In addition, Chairman Mao was very sure of Zhuge Liang's ability to govern the country, and when he read the passage on Zhuge Liang's seven captures of Meng, Chairman Mao greatly admired it, believing that Zhuge Liang had foresight and that convincing Meng Yu could solve the long-term worries in the rear of the Shu state once and for all.
But Chairman Mao also believed that Zhuge Liang was lacking.
First, improper employment.
The two deadliest examples of Zhuge Liang's improper employment are that Guan Yu guarded Jingzhou and Ma Mo guarded the street pavilion. Guan Yu carelessly lost Jingzhou, leading to a series of subsequent changes and dealing a heavy blow to the Shu state. Ma Mo guarded the street pavilion and let Sima Yi find an opportunity, which led to the failure of the First Northern Expedition.
Second, the first Northern Expedition, Liang Yi self-pro.
During the First Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang did not personally go to the battlefield, but commanded from a distance, so it was easy to have problems.
After all, "he will not be subject to foreign military orders", if he personally goes to the scene to command, Even if Ma Mo wants to disobey the command, he will ask his opinion before changing his route to the mountain, and he can stop it.
In the first Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang was indeed careless, and after the Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang must have personally come to the battlefield.
Third, Longzhong's strategy is not perfect.
Chairman Mao did not agree with Zhuge Liang's strategy set by The Time in Longzhong, believing that Jingzhou and Yizhou were far apart, and that after dividing the troops to occupy these two places, it was bound to cause the dispersion of troops, Liu Bei's military strength was originally weaker than That of Cao Cao, and it was easier to have problems after dispersing troops.
Despite this, Chairman Mao still highly admired Zhuge Liang's ability to govern the country, but he also pointed out his shortcomings to the point. His evaluation of Zhuge Liang is relatively objective and dialectical, and there is a taste of using Marxist-Leninist dialectical ideas to criticize.
Careful friends will surely find that Chairman Mao's evaluation of Zhuge Liang was from the perspective of a "state commander-in-chief," and guo Jia's evaluation was from the perspective of a "strategist."
It can be seen that in Chairman Mao's mind, Zhuge Liang was a multi-faceted talent, who knew a lot of things, could fight wars and govern the country; while Guo Jia was a very pure strategist and a specialized talent.
That is to say, in terms of strange schemes and tricks, Guo Jia is better than Zhuge Liang; but in terms of governing the country and other aspects, Guo Jia is no better than Zhuge Liang in any way.