Author: Jiang Yu'er, this article is from bogu jian jin reading class, paid for publication
Some people questioned Zhuge Liang, writing out that the master's table and sentence mentioned the former emperor, whether there was no lord in his eyes; the expression seemed to be deeply affectionate, but in fact it was everywhere saying that Liu Chan's transgressions were not the work of human subjects; li Yan was abolished, breaking the balance of the official field; "everything is big and small, and it is decided to be bright"; in fact, it is a monopoly of power and dictatorship. Frequent conquests, before the division died, laboring and wounding money only to fulfill their loyal name.
After hundreds of years of interpretation, the touching expression in history has become a show made by Zhuge Liang to the world.
People who think so must not have read the teacher's table. Don't believe me? Let's take a look at them one by one.
The first emperor did not start a business and the middle road collapsed, today under the three points, Yizhou is tired, this sincere is in danger of survival in the autumn.
Zhuge Liang said very clearly, Liu Bei beat the world, got half of his life lost, left a mess for him, and now the world is three points, Yizhou is tired. That is to say, the world is a state of three points, but there is no big problem, because Zhuge Liang came out to solve external problems.
But the question is what to do inside Yizhou after Zhuge Liang is gone? This worried him! Why? Yizhou is in a very bad state, why is it bad?
This must start with Liu Bei's entry into Yizhou. Liu Bei's Yizhou was snatched from Liu Zhang, and Liu Zhang's Yizhou was taken from the natives of Yizhou during the chaos of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Therefore, at present, there are three forces in Yizhou: the local group in Yizhou, Liu Zhang's Dongzhou group, Liu Bei's Jingzhou group, and a small three-point situation. Liu Bei was not stable in Yizhou.
We can imagine a company being corrupted by the former chairman, and another chairman taking over, that must be a lot of problems, the people who were left behind before were not convinced and could not all be cleared, all kinds of forces were entangled, the cleansing would be chaotic, and the company had to step over.
In this case, you go to take over, not a peaceful handover, you are robbed, others will certainly not be convinced, will definitely want to grab back ah, so you have to compete with the two forces here,
If you are not careful, you will be killed
。
Such a serious situation, Liu Bei still can't handle it well, what can Liu Chan do as a child?
When Zhuge Liang advised Liu Chan, he said:
"It is sincere to open the holy listening, with the legacy of the first emperor of the light, and to promote the spirit of the heroes." It is not advisable to be vain and self-effacing, to quote unrighteousness, and to plug the path of loyalty. In the palace, everything is one; it is not advisable to disagree with Zang no... It is not advisable to be selfish, so that the internal and external laws are also different. ”
"Pro-Xianchen, far from the little man, this first Han so Xinglong also; pro-little man, far xianchen, after that Han so fell into decadence also."
Why does Zhuge Liang say this? If we look closely, we will find that these are all problem solving. Why fix the problem? Explain that the problem exists, that is, Liu Chan usually has problems in handling things, or it is still a serious problem, so serious that Zhuge Liang is not at ease to leave.
You have to nag Liu Chan over and over again to correct the problem.
So what are the serious problems with Liu Chan?
The first is to be vain and self-effacing, to quote injustice, and to plug the path of faithful advice.
Liu Chan, an emperor, said all day that he couldn't do it, he couldn't take care of things, and the impact was not good. In a country, first of all, the emperor should take the lead, and the spirit of a magnificent warrior, and only those who are courtiers can muster up their energy.
Imagine a company, the leaders are not motivated, the leaders are always withdrawn and say that they can't do it, how can the people below do it?
Liu Chan is not only arrogant and thin, he is also selfish, internal and external. How? That is, he should have been one in this palace.
The palace is naturally the palace affairs managed by Liu Chan, and perhaps these little eunuchs are only Liu Chan's head, and they look obedient and well-behaved, and they are also pampered. And these people in the palace are Zhuge Liang's management, maybe the emperor doesn't look so good. With a bit of my people and your people's feelings, I naturally prefer people to my people. If your people commit crimes, they are looking for death, and my people have committed crimes, so they will cover up the past. It seems like nothing, everyone has a selfishness. But in fact, the people who do practical things are all Fuzhong people, plus Yizhou is such a state of tiger and wolf looking around, that is survival in danger, your emperor is still treating people unfairly, who wants to do things with you?
Moreover, Liu Chan was also close to the villain Yuan Xianchen.
The biggest villain in the Shu Han period was the eunuch Huang Hao, and it can be said that Liu Chan in the later period favored Huang Hao and led to the demise of Shu Han. When Zhuge Liang was there, he advised the emperor to be a distant villain. It can be seen that Liu Chan may kiss the villain if he is not careful. Such a monarch, which co-worker can be convinced? If no one was in charge of Liu Chan, he would listen to whoever did something dangerous with a word and a half. This Zhuge Liang was fighting in the front, and he came to a backyard fire, was it not a salary drawn from the bottom of the pot.
From the above analysis, we know that the Shu Han regime founded by Liu Bei was a very dangerous regime, because the foundation was unstable and the land was entrenched by snakes. And Liu Chan does not yet have the ability and vision that a man should have, even good and evil, fairness can not do. Zhuge Liang was very uneasy! So what to do? Only by taking the opportunity to arrange some useful people around the emperor and arrange the affairs of Yizhou properly, could he go to the front line with confidence.
Therefore, he did not talk about the war route or explain the battle plan, and he asked Liu Chan to kiss the Xianchen Yuanxiaoren. He didn't even want him to make any big decisions, so you would burn incense and worship the Buddha away from the villain.
Zhuge Liang first arranged things in the palace, and recommended to Liu Chan those who had been left for Liu Chan when Liu Bei died, such as Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, and Dong Yun, who were attendants. Because
Liu Bei's vision of people is very poisonous, and the people he chooses are basically no big problem.
He asked Liu Chan to listen to these people more. Things in the palace should be discussed with these people in great detail. Only then will he be relieved.
Of course, Liu Bei did not think too far when selecting people at that time. At this time, Zhuge Liang had to think farther, and he had to prepare for the worst. So
He also recommended a fuzhong person to Liu Chan, that is, Xiang Pet. When he was gone, he arranged for Xiang Pet to take care of the affairs in the camp. He also took two private goods behind him and recommended two people who had joined the army, Chen Zhen and Jiang Huan, who had joined the army. Arranging Jiang Huan basically arranged for himself in advance, so as to prevent himself from whining for his life one day, and someone could stabilize the overall situation. It turned out that Zhuge Liang was right, and both of them did indeed bow down for Shu Han later.
Zhuge Liang's debutante list of the "former emperor" appears twelve times, and the word "Your Majesty" appears only seven times.
This is not normal, now this lord is Liu Chan, but why do you a courtier mention the first emperor every word? It is said that once the son of heaven and a courtier, although you Zhuge Liang is the elder of the two dynasties, but the first emperor has become a past tense, you Zhuge Liang should take me Liu Chanma as the head of the horse.
However, it was impossible that in Zhuge Liang's place, even in Shu Han, Liu Bei, the former emperor, could not have been in the past tense.
Why? There are two reasons for this
First, mention the emperor, because he remembers the grace of the emperor in his heart
Zhuge Liang has already made it clear in the table of renunciation:
"The first emperor started a business and the middle road collapsed, today under the three points, Yizhou is tired, this sincere is in danger of survival in the autumn also."
"However, the ministers of the guards despise the inside, and the loyal people forget to be outside, and they want to repay His Majesty for the neglect of the former emperor."
"The former emperor knew that the subjects were cautious, so he sent his subjects to the collapse of the emperor to do great things. Since he was ordained, he has lamented at night, fearing that the entrustment will not be effective, so as to hurt the wisdom of the former emperor... Therefore, this subject reported to the former emperor and was loyal to His Majesty's office. "
You see: The first emperor fought the Jiangshan halfway through and put his life into it, so this Jiangshan was unstable. At this time, Liu Bei handed over Liu Chan, an orphan, along with a pile of messes in Shuzhong, to Zhuge Liang. What's more, Liu Chan was still an ignorant child at that time.
Zhuge Liang, who is so capable, why should he carry this mess?
Why do those guards and loyal people who are still working hard disdain the inside and forget about the outside?
There is only one reason:
"Pursuing the emperor's neglect, his majesty wants to repay him!"
The ancients did their best to repay the grace of knowing the encounter, sacrificing their lives and forgetting death, and Zhuge Liang was like this?
Zhuge Liang later complained about suffering in his renunciation table:
"The subject is clothed, and he cultivates in Nanyang, and his whole life is in the chaotic world, and he does not seek to reach the princes." The former emperor did not despise his subjects, and he was self-deprecating, and the three ministers were in the grass, and the counselors were grateful for the affairs of the world, so they allowed the former emperor to drive away. Later, when he was overthrown, he was appointed to the defeated army, and was ordered to be in danger, and he came for twenty years.
The former emperor knew that the subjects were cautious, so he sent his subjects to the collapse of the emperor with great things. Since he was ordained, he has lamented at night, fearing that the entrustment will not be effective, so as to hurt the ming of the former emperor; therefore, in May, he crossed the lu and went deep into the barren. Now the south has been determined, the armor has been sufficient, when the award led the three armies, the north fixed the Central Plains, shu exhausted the blunt, eliminated the traitors, revived the Han room, and returned to the old capital. Therefore, this subject reported to the former emperor and was loyal to His Majesty's office. ”
His meaning was very clear, he was only following Liu Bei in order to repay Liu Bei's kindness, and he was trembling and afraid that he would not be able to do enough. Zhuge Liang was like this, and so were those who followed Liu Bei, and all they thought in their hearts was Liu Bei's kindness.
Imagine that Liu Chan was not Liu Bei's son, would Zhao Yun rather take his life and escort him for thousands of miles?
Therefore, it is very simple, it is precisely because of Liu Bei's kindness that they must support Liu Chan, the young lord, and do their best to protect this piece of the country laid down by Liu Bei, these people are all people with feelings.
This is also why Zhuge Liang should diligently tell Liu Chan to reward and punish clearly, and trust these old ministers in order not to let these loyal courtiers chill their hearts.
At the same time, Yu'er felt that Zhuge Liang had another meaning, that is, repeatedly mentioning the grace of the former emperor, but also to remind the courtiers of Shuzhong not to forget the grace of the first emperor and work well.
Second, emperor Tixian was to put pressure on Liu Chan to listen to his advice
We can see from the ambiguous state of the emperor several times in the table of the master, we can see that Zhuge Liang mentioned the emperor, but in fact he borrowed the name of the emperor to give advice to Liu Chan.
For example, when he advised Liu Chan to "be a pro-virtuous subject, far from a villain", he said:
"It is advisable to open a holy listen, with the light of the emperor's legacy"
"General Xiang Favor, Sexual Behavior Shu Jun, Xiao Chang Military, applicable to the past, the former emperor called it Neng, is to be favored by the public as the governor"
"Pro-Xianchen, far lesser, this first Han so Xinglong also; pro-villain, far-reaching Xianchen, after that Han so fell into decadence also." When emperor Xian was there, whenever he discussed this matter with his subjects, he did not hesitate to sigh and hate Huan Lingye. ”
These few things, if we think about them carefully, we will find some of Zhuge Liang's careful thoughts.
For example, in the first sentence, "Emperor Guang's legacy", what is this legacy? Open Holy Listen. But we know that the former emperor did not open much of a saint. He didn't listen to Zhuge Liang's words very much, and he always insisted on going his own way, and he would die in the White Emperor City. At this time, Zhuge Liang exaggerated the former emperor to advise Liu Chan, so that Liu Chan could listen to the words of loyalty and not follow in the footsteps of his old son.
The general Xiang Pet here is also Zhuge Liang's play of the writing machine. Because Liu Bei only praised Xiang Pet's ability, and did not want to promote him to reuse him or anything, it was the people below who chose Xiang Pet as the overseer according to his words. At this time, Zhuge Liang wanted to recommend Xiang Favor to Liu Chan and used The Former Emperor to push it.
Then finally he said, "The former emperor discussed this matter when he was there," which is not recorded in the history books, and it is impossible for the former emperor to discuss the matter of successive Han with Zhuge Liang, because Liu Bei is not a person who respects the successive Han at all, and he wants to be an emperor. Therefore, this small story is most likely made up by Zhuge Liang. The purpose was to recommend what he considered to be a sage to Liu Chan.
In the name of the former emperor, let him kiss the xianchen and believe in the xianchen. The heart of a fist is to make Liu Chan know more about people.
From here, we can guess that Liu Chan usually can't listen to the advice of the contrarian, otherwise why would Zhuge Liang raise the emperor in everything? From liu Chan's reuse of eunuchs behind him, he knew that Zhuge Liang's words did not listen much.
In this way, some people still question Zhuge Liang's intentions, but they really don't understand Zhuge Liang or what the situation of the Three Kingdoms and Shu Kingdom is.
So based on the above analysis, let's see if these points questioning Zhuge Liang are true.
The basic basis for questioning Zhuge is based on the following points:
First, taking the opportunity to install his own people around the emperor is to control the emperor and monopolize power.
At this point, we have analyzed earlier, why Zhuge Liang recommended talents to the emperor. Definitely not for the sake of monopoly, this is not nonsense.
Second, abolish Li Yan and exclude dissidents. So, Li Yan should not be abolished?
Who is Li Yan?
His identity is more complicated. He was first Liu Biao's man, and then went to Yizhou to defect to Liu Zhang, and after Liu Zhang's defeat, he surrendered to Liu Bei and worked under Liu Bei. That is to say, he mixed well in the Jingzhou Group and the Dongzhou Group, and was a person with eight faces, but he was definitely not a loyal person.
When Liu Bei entrusted Zhuge Liang alone, Li Yan was also present, and he arranged for Li Yan to be Zhuge Liang's deputy, and Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang in front of Li Yan at that time, "If he is not talented, jun can take his own favor."
That is to say, after Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang had absolute power, and his power was so great that he could be abolished. Although there is the meaning of beating Zhuge Liang, it is more to tell Li Yan: "Don't make a name for yourself, the Jingzhou clique represented by Zhuge Liang has absolute rule over Yizhou, and others can only assist and cannot challenge." ”
But what did Li Yan do?
Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition arranged for him to send military food, but because of the heavy rain that delayed the opportunity, he falsely preached the holy will and asked Zhuge Liang to retire. He ran back to Shuzhong in advance and told Liu Chan that Zhuge Liang had only temporarily retreated to lure the enemy. Later, Zhuge Liang withdrew with his troops, and he accused Zhuge Liang of being unfavorable in the Northern Expedition. Of course, in the end, Li Yan's little trick was debunked.
Zhuge Liang said in a letter to Jiang Huan and Dong Yun:
"Before filial piety came to Wu, I said that there were scales in the belly of the square, and the township party thought it was unapproachable. I think that the scaled armor is not the ear of the offender, and does not try to repeat the things of Su and Zhang out of inconspicuous. ”
That is to say, Chen Zhen (Xiao Qi) originally said that Li Yan (Zheng Fang) was a clever villain, and Zhuge Liang felt that it would be better for such a person not to provoke him, but what he did not expect was that he was as hateful as Su Qin Zhang Yi.
Su Qin Zhang Yi must be very familiar to everyone, that is for their own private efforts to manipulate Qin and the Six Kingdoms in their own hands, to use the world as a pawn.
In order to evade the responsibility of delaying military food, Li Yan played tricks between Zhuge Liang and Liu Chan, which was not the general style of Su Qin and Zhang Yi?
Doesn't such a person leave behind a plague on the country and the people to trip himself up?
If this is called excluding dissidents, then why did Zhuge Liang help Liu Chan govern Shu Han?
Third, Zhuge Liang only had the Former Emperor in his heart, not Liu Chan.
This is true, why? As I said very clearly, Liu Chan did not have a little self-confidence at this time. Otherwise, why is there such a saying that Ah Dou who can't be supported?
Liu Chan is not unable to support him, he is soft in the ear. When Zhuge Liang was there, he could help him, and when Zhuge Liang was away, he was basically in a state of depletion. It is true that after Zhuge Liang's death, the Shu state still existed for decades. But basically thanks to the foundation laid by Zhuge Liang in the early stage. Some people say that he finally read the credit of Zhang Fei GuanYu and reused their descendants. But this is precisely the performance of looking at kinship and not looking at ability. By the time Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang's courtiers had died one by one, the Shu state was basically supported by the terrain.
When Deng Ai smuggled yinping and went straight to Chengdu, the situation of the fall of the Shu state was unstoppable.
Therefore, such a Liu Chan, can it be said that he can achieve things without Zhuge Liang?
Zhuge Liang is really wronged! It's not Zhuge Liang's mother-in-law, it's his mother-in-law! Otherwise, Yizhou was tired and troubled, and he couldn't send troops to the Northern Expedition with peace of mind!
finish
After this year's lesson, I am going to be hollowed out, and you have succeeded