In the fifth year of Jianxing (227 AD), Zhuge Liang led an army to garrison Hanzhong in the north and prepared to conquer Cao Wei. Because the later lord Liu Chan was weak, Zhuge Liang deeply cherished his internal worries before leaving the Northern Expedition, and before leaving, he wrote this statement to give the later lord a warning and exhortation, hoping that the later lord would realize that he must be close to the wise and far younger in order to cultivate politics and complete the great cause of "rejuvenating the Han Dynasty". At the same time, it also expressed Zhuge Liang's sincere feelings for repaying the kindness of the previous lord and his loyalty to the later lord and his determination to "settle the Central Plains in the North".
Zhuge Liang talked about the grand plan of governing the country in the first part of the whole text in order to eliminate the worries of the teacher. When Zhuge Liang was born this time, Liu Chan was only 20 years old, and he was faint and incompetent, did not know how to govern political affairs, and if he was seduced by bad people, it would inevitably lead to domestic political instability and have a major impact on the front. Because of this, In this section, Zhuge Liang not only repeatedly explained to Liu Chan the principles of opening a holy hearing, strict reward and punishment, and pro-xian yuanyou, but also recommended talents to manage "affairs in the palace" and "affairs in the camp". After eliminating this worries, Zhuge Liang was able to concentrate on cutting Wei. The second part is an explanation of the decision to become a teacher. This kind of explanation is different from the discussion, not repeatedly stating the pros and cons of the teacher, but stating the author's wishes. To this end, Zhuge Liang recounted his life, from "ploughing" to "Sui Xu Xian Emperor to drive away", and from Liu Bei lin to send the big event to his determination, during which he mentioned "XianDi" five times, and tried to express his feelings of "gratitude" and "lamentation"; finally concentrated on one point, and regarded the departure of Wei wei as "the duty of repaying the former emperor and being loyal to His Majesty". This shows that the decision of the master can both impress the monarch and help persuade people who disagree.
Because Zhuge Liang deeply felt the grace of the former emperor and entrusted him with the responsibility of major state affairs, the whole text of this article was run through his feelings of "repaying the former emperor" and "loyal to His Majesty". In the text, he is full of deep affection for the former emperor (mentioned 13 times), full of love for the Lord (7 times to mention His Majesty), and his repeated young advice to Liu Bomb, earnest, earnest, and long-hearted. The principle of loyalty and righteousness, the ardent feelings, overflowing everywhere, touching and profound, fully demonstrated his loyalty and righteousness to The Father and Son of the Liu Clan as an elderly minister.
Looking at the whole text, the opening paragraph discusses the situation to warn him (Liu Chan) of his heart, followed by the advice of the wise to correct his rule, and then to describe his life to move his feelings, and the end points out the main purpose of Xinghan to encourage his aspirations. In the text, he mentioned the emperor 13 times and his majesty 7 times, which increased the feeling of mourning and earnestness. The whole article knows the reason, moves with affection, reason to the strongest, and the reason blends, so that the article has a strong appeal, so that it has become the "supreme text" of the ages, and has always been respected and recited by loyalty and righteousness.