Guan Yu was a famous general at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, who beheaded Yan Liang and Xue Wen ugly, and relieved the siege of Baima; when Liu Bei captured Yizhou, he guarded Jingxiang, sent troops to Fancheng to break the prohibition, and flooded the Seventh Army to capture the Wei general Pound.
Guan Yu, who threatened Huaxia, forced Cao Cao to consider moving the capital to avoid his attack.
However, such a famous general who runs across the world, in just a few months, from invincible to his head is different, and he can't help but sigh.
The reason for this is that historians are always talking about it. Some people say that Guan Yu's defeat and death are all because of his arrogance and arrogance, and he does not pay any attention to Eastern Wu; others say that Guan Yu's defeat and death are all because Ofu Meng is a villain, sneaking up from behind.
These analyses seem to be conclusive, but they are only one-sided words that cannot withstand scrutiny.
In the work of exploring the reasons for Guan Yu's defeat, Chairman Mao, as the supreme leader of the republic, also participated in it, and he expressed surprisingly: The main reason for Guan Yu's defeat was Zhuge Liang!
Defeat passed
In the land of China after the Battle of Chibi, several relatively powerful military groups were formed. They are Zhongyuan Cao Wei Group, Jiangdong Sun Quan Group, Xichuan Liu Zhang Group, Hanzhong Zhanglu Group, Xiliang Ma Teng Group, and Liu Bei Group.
Among these groups, except for Liu Bei, who had no decent base area, the others were all princes who were divided into one side. As a result, both Liu Bei and Kong Ming realized the importance of seizing territory.
But at this time, Liu Bei's poor family was rich, and the troops in his hands were still left by Liu Qi. Without a strong "gun shaft", it is easy to grab the territory in the chaotic world of tigers and wolves.
But Liu Bei had Liu Bei's method, that is, "borrowing." He told Sun Quan that his territory was too small to be conducive to development, and it was not conducive to Sun Liu's alliance against Cao Cao, and asked for the right to rule Nan County.
Later, with the strong mediation of Lu Su, Sun Quan promised to lend it to Liu Bei. After winning nan county, Liu Bei was out of control. He first captured the four southern counties, and then marched into Xichuan and Hanzhong, so that his power spanned Jingzhou and Yizhou.
As a result, Longzhong's strategic plan was about to be completed: one army attacked Chang'an from Hanzhong, and one army attacked Luoyang from Xiangfan.
But in reality it didn't go so well. In 219, when Cao Liu's two main forces were fighting in Hanzhong, Guan Yu, who was guarding Jingzhou, saw an opportunity and led a large army to kill Fancheng.
However, before Guan Yu's army besieged Fancheng, Cao Cao urgently ordered Yu Ban and Pound De to lead 30,000 troops to rush to the rescue, and the two sides formed a confrontation.
Unexpectedly, at this time, the jingxiang land suddenly rained heavily, and the river around Fancheng began to soar. Guan Yu took advantage of the situation to block the water outlets of each road and concentrated the river water into the forbidden and pound stations. After the river rushed into the camp, Guan Yu's water army took advantage of the situation to attack and broke through Yu Ban and Pound in one fell swoop.
After the flooding of the Seventh Army, Guan Yu could be described as full of spirit, not only Cao Wei and other local officials fell on the wind, but also frightened Cao Cao to move the capital to avoid disaster.
But when a person is most proud, it is often when the danger begins. The Cao Army, who had returned to his senses, hurriedly sent the general Xu Huang to lead the troops to fight. This time, Guan Yu was defeated.
Guan Yu, who had returned from a major defeat, saw that Xiangfan could not attack for a long time, so he had the intention of withdrawing his troops. However, just as Guan Yu was preparing to withdraw, the rear came to report that Nan County was actually lost, and the retreat route of Guan Yu's tens of thousands of soldiers was completely cut off.
With a strong enemy in the north in front and elite soldiers in the south behind, Guan Yu was in a dilemma for a while, and it was only a matter of time before he was defeated. However, Guan Yu was not an incompetent person after all, and he did not abandon Wei or Wu by himself, but led the remaining troops to fight fiercely with the Wu army until he retreated to Maicheng.
On the night of the snow and wind, Guan Yu bid farewell to the other soldiers under his command, and led more than ten of his soldiers to break through from Maicheng and wanted to flee to Xichuan.
Not wanting to escape, he was ambushed by the Wu general Pan Zhang ma zhong, and Guan Yu was captured along with Zi Guan Pingren. He was later killed by Sun Quan and sent to Luoyang.
Is not "Longzhong pair"
It is indeed regrettable that a generation of famous players will end up in a different place. Therefore, it is particularly important to get useful reflection from Guan Yu.
As we all know, the Chairman had a strong interest in Chinese history for a long time. During the Hunan First Normal School period and the Peking University librarian period, he was very fond of reading Chinese ancient books and history books, especially the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" with unique insights.
When he read the plot of Guan Yu's downfall, he left two annotations and opinions.
The first point of view was astonishing, he said: "From the beginning, the mistake was in Longzhong, but thousands of miles away, the army was divided into two places, and later divided into three places, can An be undefeated?" This point of view can be said to be to the point, pointing to the point, because he said the root of Liu Bei's group.
In Kong Ming's strategic plan for Liu Bei, known as the "Longzhong Pair", he roughly imagined the pattern of the world as Cao Wei occupying the Central Plains and controlling the Yellow River Valley.
Sun Wu occupied Jiangdong and controlled the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, while the Liu Han clique crossed Jingzhou and Yizhou, occupying the Chengdu Plain and the Liangguang region.
Then it was divided into two routes according to the allocation of troops, one was the general who went out of Jingzhou to attack Wancheng and Luoyang, and Liu Beiqin led a troop out of Hanzhong and attacked Chang'an. In this way, one west and one south, the two roads go hand in hand, like an iron tongs clamping the core of Cao Wei.
This plan seems to be perfect, but it is also very feasible. But on closer examination, we can find a fatal problem, that is, the strength of the troops. The prerequisite for carrying out Kong Minglongzhong's plan was to have sufficient troops, which Liu Bei's clique at that time obviously did not have.
Sun Tzu said, "Ten will encircle it, and five will attack it." "Don't say that Liu Bei's troop strength at that time was not five times that of Cao Wei, or even necessarily as many as Cao Wei' at that time." In this way, Liu Bei's clique, which was not sufficient in terms of troops, was divided into two places.
Not only was it impossible to concentrate superior forces against the enemy, but it caused tactical adventurism and emptiness in the rear, which was also the main reason why the chairman believed that Guan Yu was defeated: the division strategy in the Longzhong countermeasures.
There are other reasons
Another was his evaluation of Guan Yu: "Guan Yun did not understand the united front in general, this person is not very clever, and he does not pay attention to the policy of the allies in engaging in closed-door doctrine. ”
This was to criticize Guan Yu for not having a good relationship with Sun Wu behind him when he went north to Xiangfan, so that the backyard caught fire.
In fact, Guan Yu's personality is indeed a little too proud, and he does not take Dongwu a little seriously. Once, Sun Quan took the initiative to send someone to show guan yu that he wanted to court his son, and the object was Guan Yu's daughter.
It can be said that political marriage has existed for a long time, which can play a very good role in the unity and harmony of the two groups, and Guan Yu and Sun Quan can also become the sons and daughters of the family.
Originally, it was a good thing for Sun Liu and Sun Guan's family, but it was destroyed by Guan Yu. Not only did he not agree to Sun Quan's son coming to court, but he also insulted the emissary in public: "Can a tiger girl marry a dog?!" ”
This sentence can be said to be a little too much, because Sun Quan is also a prince of the hall and has been greatly insulted by a general.
After this incident, Sun Quan naturally remembered the hatred in his heart, and always wanted to repay this arrow revenge. It just so happened that Lu Su died of illness, and Lü Meng, who succeeded him, was also an active main battle faction, and the two junchen immediately hit it off and prepared to join forces to kill Guan Yu.
Later, it was indeed as the two of them wished.
In short, Guan Yu became a ghost under the sword because he implemented the erroneous division strategy in Kong Ming's countermeasures, coupled with important reasons such as his lack of unity and lack of a united front.