Han Fei was a famous representative figure of the Legalists at the end of the Warring States period, also known as Han Feizi and Han Zi, and his representative was "Han Feizi". Han Feizi left many famous fables for later generations, such as "Zhizi Doubting Neighbors" (Song Guoren), "Shou Zhu Waiting for Rabbits" (Song Guoren), "Contradicting Themselves" (Chu Guoren), "IndiscriminateLy Filling Numbers" (Qi Guoren), "Secret illness and avoiding medical treatment" (Cai Guoren), "Song People Drinking Wine" (Song Guoren), "Old Horse Zhitu" (Qi Guoren), "Happy to Lose the Sun" (King of Shang), etc. In these famous fables, there are four involving the Song people, so some people say that Han Feizi and the Song people can't get along, and specialize in black Song people.
Han Feizi was born in 280 BC and died in 233 BC, killed by Li Si, the chancellor of the Qin state. And the Song Kingdom was destroyed by the State of Qi in 286 BC before Han Feizi was born, and there is no inevitable connection between the Song Kingdom and Han Feizi, why are there many fables in Han Feizi's writings that smear the Song people? (Portrait of Han Feizi, Xinzheng, Henan)
"Han Feizi" "smears" the allegorical case of the Song people.
There are several fables in Han Feizi's writings that deal with the Song people, and none of them are praises, but all of them are smears, for example:
1. Rejoice in the loss of the day.
Drink from the long night, rejoice in the loss of the sun, ask him about it, and do not know it. It is to make people ask the miko. Miko is called his disciple: for the Lord of the world, a country has lost the sun, and the world is in danger. A country does not know and I know only, and I am in danger. I don't know if I'm drunk. (Han Feizi. Outer Reserves Say On")
Translation: The King of Shang drank for a long time at night, forgot the time, and asked all the people around him did not know. So the King of Qiu sent someone to inquire about Miko. Miko said to his men, "The King of Sui is the head of a country and the whole country cannot remember the time, and the world of the Shang Dynasty is in danger." People in the Shang Dynasty don't know the time, but only I remember it myself, and I am also in danger", so he said that he was drunk and did not know what time it was.
This fable seems to have nothing to do with the Song people, but in fact it is closely related to the Song people, who are the descendants of the Shang Dynasty in the Zhou Dynasty, and the feudal state of the Shang Dynasty's brother Wei Ziqi, which is used to worship the ancestors of the Shang Dynasty. To say here is that the King of Shang is actually a mockery of the loss of the Shang Dynasty.
2. Wait for the rabbit.
The Song people had cultivators. There are plants in the field, and rabbits touch the plants, fold their necks and die. Because of the release of the strain, I hope to regain the rabbit. The rabbit can not be recovered, and as Song Guo laughs. (Han Feizi. Five Beetles"
Translation: There was a peasant of the Song Dynasty in the Warring States, and there was a tree in his field. A rabbit hit a tree while running, and the rabbit's neck broke and died. So this Song man left his farm tools and stayed by the tree all day, hoping that another rabbit would crash and die, and he would pick up a bargain again. The rabbit was never given again, and this Song man became the joke of the Song Kingdom. (Waiting for the rabbit figure)
3. Song people drink wine.
The Song people have a pickle, the promotion is very flat, the guest is very cautious, the wine is very beautiful, the suspension is very high, but the storage is not sold, and the wine is sour. Strangely, he asked Yang Qian, the elder of Lu, whom he knew, "Ru dog fierce evil?" "Dog fierce, then why doesn't the wine sell?" "People are afraid." Or to make the widow carry the wèng with money and go to the pickle, and the dog and the dog, so the wine is sour and not sold. (Han Feizi. The outer reserve said upper right")
Translation: There is a Song guo who sells wine, every time he sells wine, he gives enough wine, treats guests very warmly and respectfully, the wine he sells is also very delicious, the sign of the store is also very high, but his wine sells very little, and the wine becomes sour. The Song people then looked for a reason and asked the elder yang qian in the neighborhood, and Yang Qian said, "Is your dog very fierce?" He replied, "What does the fierceness of a dog have to do with the inability to sell alcohol?" Yang Qian said: "People who buy wine are afraid, sometimes people who buy wine will let children take money to buy wine, and your dog is dancing at the door of the store, and children dare not go to your house to buy wine, so your wine can't be sold, it becomes sour." (The Song people sell alcohol, and there are their own vicious dogs guarding the door of the store, and few people come to buy wine!) ）
4. Zhizi is suspicious of his neighbor.
Song has rich people, and the rain wall is broken. His son said, "If you do not build, there will be thieves." "The father of his neighbor is also cloudy. Twilight and fruit died of great wealth, and his family was very wise to his son, and he was suspicious of the father of his neighbor. (Han Feizi. It's hard to say"
Translation: There was a rich man in the Song Dynasty who brought down the courtyard wall of his house one day under heavy rain. His son said, "If you don't build it quickly, you will be robbed by thieves." The father of a rich neighbor of Song Guo also said the same. At night, the rich man's belongings were stolen, and he thought his son was very clever, while suspecting that the neighbor's father had stolen his belongings.
These fables of Han Feizi have profound allegories, rather than staying on the surface. For example, to wait for the rabbit is to warn the ruler not to use the past governance strategy to govern the current people; the Song people drinking wine refers to the fact that the ministers of some countries have played the role of "evil dogs", although the country has a good strategy and method of recruiting talents, these evil dogs naturally hinder the process of recruiting talents; Zhizi suspects the neighbor is to ask the ruler to objectively evaluate a person, not because of the distance of personal relations and have different evaluations.
Why is there so much fable about the names of the Song people in "Han Feizi"?
In fact, there are five places involving Song people in "Han Feizi", and there are 8 places involving Zheng Guoren, compared with Zheng Guoren, Song Guoren ranks second.
In fact, Han Feizi is not a special black Song and Zheng people, the Song Kingdom has appeared famous scholars Confucius (ancestral home is Song people), Mozi (ancestral Song people), Zhuangzi (Song people), and the Song Kingdom with Shangqiu as the center, rapid agricultural development, fertile wilderness, Song Kingdom enjoyed 775 years, the existence is relatively long, there is not much criticism of the place.
The reason why Han Feizi in his book "Han Feizi" deals more about the Zheng kingdom and the Song kingdom is mainly that Han Feizi himself is the new Zheng people, which is the seat of the original Zheng state (destroyed in 375 BC), he grew up here, and the most contact is the Zheng state (destroyed in 286 BC) people, followed by the Song people in the vicinity of the Zheng state. Han Feizi's growing environment allowed him to contact the most natural people who originally belonged to the Zheng Kingdom in his hometown, and then the people in the neighboring country song country, so it is conceivable why his writings have the most records about the Zheng people, followed by the Song people, which is caused by geographical relations. (Map of Zheng Guo and Song Guo, the two countries are close neighbors)
Moreover, the Zheng and Song states had already perished before Han Feizi was born, and the Zheng and Song people mentioned in his writings had long since become the territory of other princely states, and the national groups and public opinions in the sense of the state no longer existed, and Han Feizi recorded that they did not have any political risks and would not be politically persecuted by people in specific countries.
Han Feizi was a well-known scholar of jurists, and his writings naturally had to meet the needs of his time, and the people of some of the stronger princely states at the end of the Warring States period could not be casually ridiculed and satirized, which would hinder his future. For example, the Qin people did not dare to write at will!