After the end of the 14-year War of Resistance Against Japan, the people at home prayed for a peaceful life, and the Kuomintang insisted on waging a civil war against the will of the people. When the War of Liberation lasted until June 1946, Chiang Kai-shek changed his tactics and decided to launch a full-scale offensive against the Liberated Areas of North China, Northeast China, and Northwest China.
At that time, the PLA's weapons and equipment were far less advanced than those of the Kuomintang, so they could not confront the Kuomintang and had to choose other ways to outsmart them. Therefore, when the Kuomintang army was attacking the People's Liberation Army and the People's Liberation Army was in crisis, the chairman decided to let Liu Deng's army advance into Dabie Mountain next to attract the attention of the Kuomintang and distract the Kuomintang troops in order to turn the tide of the war.
At that time, Liu Deng's army jumped into the Dabie Mountains and involved a large number of troops. At that critical moment, there were 120,000 people before Liu Deng's army jumped into Dabie Mountain, and when they left Dabie Mountain, how many people were left?
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Advance into Dabie Mountain
On the eve of the outbreak of a full-scale civil war, the chairman and the Central Military Commission discussed and decided to formulate a policy for external operations, and it was decided that an army would go to Dabie Mountain, which was relatively neglected by the enemy.
At that time, the East China Field Army was responsible for defending against the Kuomintang army in Shandong, and could not complete the task for a while, so it could not choose the East China Field Army to advance into the Dabie Mountains. At that time, Liu Deng's army had fewer frontal enemy troops, and it was more likely that he would withdraw to Dabie Mountain.
In addition, in the spring of 1947, Chiang Kai-shek believed that the Yellow River defense line that had been established had successfully hindered the PEOPLE's liberation army from moving south, so he transferred Wang Jingjiu's army, which had dealt with Liu Deng's army, to the Battlefield of Shandong.
In this situation, the hostile forces of Liu Deng's army weakened, and it was more likely to advance into the Dabie Mountains. Therefore, on August 7, 1947, Liu Deng's army accepted instructions from the Central Military Commission and went to Dabie Mountain.
At that time, the total strength of Liu Deng's army was 120,000 people, of which the main forces included the first column, the second column, the third column and the sixth column, and the strength of the 120,000 troops was: the first column was 33,357 people, the second column was 31,000 people, the third column was 26,468 people, and the sixth column was 26,322 people. In addition, there is a field army directly subordinate to 6370 people.
Multiple dilemmas
After Liu Deng's army advanced into Dabie Mountain, there were many unfavorable factors at that time, which also seriously affected the trend of the entire army. For example, one of the important unfavorable factors is the seriousness of the enemy situation.
In order to deal with Liu Deng's army, Chiang Kai-shek specially set up the Jiujiang Headquarters of the National Defense Force commanded by Bai Chongxi, with a total strength of up to 300,000 troops, far exceeding the main force of Liu Deng's army, so the Kuomintang army was in danger many times in the process of clearing and suppressing Dabie Mountain.
In addition, because of the white terror created by the Kuomintang authorities in the Dabie Mountain area before, the local people did not dare to help the Communist Party in order to protect the lives of their families.
Some people are even hidden in the mountains, which makes it impossible for the Communist Party to obtain food resources from these people. At that time, Liu Deng's army had no rear support, so without the support of these local people, Liu Deng's army lived very hard during that period, and many soldiers often did not have enough to eat.
Moreover, in the absence of troops to support our army, Dabie Mountain was relatively close to other Kuomintang troops, so it was more convenient for the Kuomintang to dispatch reinforcements than Liu Deng's army.
Liu Deng's army also made some wrong decisions at that time, such as after Liu Deng's army came to the Dabie Mountain area, because of his impatient land reform and the division of floating wealth in the White Area, he did not lay a good mass foundation, so the results were not good.
In addition, those local tycoons who were divided up their property also incited the masses to say bad things about the Communist Party behind their backs because they were dissatisfied with the practices of Liu Deng's army, which also made the local people distrust Liu Deng's army, and even caused some complaints from the local people.
In view of various unfavorable factors, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping decided to divide the entire army into two parts and changed the main goal to opening up base areas.
On December 14, 1947, Liu Bocheng led a detachment directly under the organ to the vicinity of Beixiangdian in Guangshan County, Henan Province, and it was foggy that day, and they saw several soldiers in front of them, dressed as soldiers left behind in the Kuomintang army, but because the fog was too large, the soldiers on the opposite side did not recognize our army, so they were arrested by the direct subordinate team of the organ led by Liu Bocheng.
Liu Bocheng learned after interrogation that the few Kuomintang soldiers scattered here were actually Hu Lian's reorganized 11th Division, which surprised Liu Bocheng very much, because the original Kuomintang army strength had already exceeded the entire strength of Liu Deng's army, and now the Kuomintang has added the reorganized 11th Division, which is undoubtedly to force them to death.
Faced with this situation with little advantage, Liu Bocheng did not choose to take a small part of the troops to resist, but decided to keep the troops fleeing. So the local organs and direct subordinate units were urgently notified, marched forward for more than ten kilometers and the 1st Column 20 brigade rounds, and escaped the great disaster without the integrated 11th Division noticing.
However, the crisis situation in which Liu Deng's army was located did not change at all, and then Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping also decided to ask the central authorities for guidance, and the central authorities attached great importance to this, and finally the central government decided to let Liu Deng's army temporarily bid farewell to Dabie Mountain and go to Henan and Anhui.
At the same time, he also instructed Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping to formulate a strategy to dismantle a large number of units of the enemy into small groups of troops, and then break them each one. In the end, Liu Deng's army, under the efforts of the army, constantly broke through the brigades of many enemy troops, and finally accumulated small victories into big victories.
The damage was severe
Liu Deng's army held out in and around the Dabie Mountain area until the spring of 1948, when the national war situation also changed, when Liu Deng's army left Dabie Mountain on instructions from the Central Military Commission.
Because in the area of Dabie Mountain, Liu Deng's army had experienced many wars, so the attrition was very serious, among which in the Battle of Dingtao in southwest Lu, although Liu Deng's army annihilated more than 5,000 enemies, it suffered 3,500 casualties at the same time.
In addition to the attrition caused by the fighting, there are also some attritions caused by the death of people who are seriously ill due to unsuitable local environments, lack advanced medical equipment, and sufficient medicinal materials to treat.
There were also a small number of soldiers who starved to death because for a time they did not receive an adequate supply of food. In addition, there were a few fighters with weak revolutionary consciousness who deserted on the way. It was these factors that caused Liu Deng's army of more than 120,000 people to lose more than half of its personnel when it left Dabie Mountain, leaving only 58,600 people.
brief summary:
Liu Deng's army entered more than 120,000 people before, and after coming out of Dabie Mountain, there were only more than 50,000 people left, and the number of personnel lost was no less than the number lost during the Long March, which showed the difficulty of its process.
However, Liu Deng's army's advance into Dabie Mountain also played an important role in the situation in the whole country; it disrupted the enemy's plans, and even more attracted a large number of Kuomintang troops to go to Dabie Mountain to encircle and suppress Liu Deng's army, effectively alleviating the pressure on the PLA on other battlefields in China, especially on the battlefield in East China, and enabling our party to liberate these areas more quickly.
In addition, during liu deng's army advancing into the Dabie Mountains, under difficult and difficult conditions, he successfully created two revolutionary base areas, because the two places were extremely close to the Kuomintang, Nanjing and Wuhan, which also played a threatening role to the Kuomintang.
Liu Deng's army's advance into the Dabie Mountains also became an important turning point in the Liberation War, a strategy that had never been implemented since the Liberation War, so it enriched the plaster's combat experience and also enriched the chairman's military thinking.
The bitter life experienced by Liu Deng's army during its march into the Dabie Mountains is undoubtedly something that we cannot understand today, and the only thing we can do is not to forget the deeds of the martyrs who threw their heads on the battlefield, spilled their blood, and struggled to build a new China.
Of course, these martyrs refer not only to the heroic sacrifices made by Liu Deng's army during its march into the Dabie Mountains, but also to all the people's heroes who really sacrificed themselves for the establishment of a new China in which the people are the masters of their own affairs!
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