Chiang Kai-shek had two sons, Chiang Ching-kuo and Chiang Wai-kuo, none of whom were the biological children of Chiang Kai-shek's "legitimate wife," Soong Mei-ling. Longitude and latitude, longitude and latitude heaven and earth,
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Organized. Nominally, Chiang Ching-kuo and Chiang Wai-kuo are half-brothers, but this is not the case. Accurate information and Chiang Wei-kuo's foreign remarks show that Chiang Wai-kuo was not chiang kai-shek's own child, and naturally he was not Chiang Kai-shek's illegitimate son.
In his spare time in his later years, Jiang Weiguo's autobiography "A Thousand Mountains Alone - Jiang Weiguo's Life Journey" clearly stated that his biological father was Dai Jitao, and his birth mother was a Japanese nurse Shigematsu Kaneko. However, Kuomintang elder Dai Jitao denied it, saying that Chiang Weiguo was Chiang Kai-shek's biological son. The claim that Chiang Wei-kuo is not Chiang Kai-shek's biological son occupies the mainstream of society.
There are great differences in the personalities of Chiang Ching-kuo and Jiang Weiguo, Jiang Ching-kuo's simple style, and Jiang Weiguo's lively personality. Chiang Kai-shek commented on his two sons in this way:
"Jing'er can be taught, wei'er is cute."
Whether he was his own son or not was not important to Chiang Kai-shek, because he cared for his two sons as much as he did, and he was not biased.
Chiang Ching-kuo was the only child of Chiang Kai-shek and his original partner, Mao Fuxiu. Chiang Kai-shek was very displeased with Mao Fuxiu, but he did not involve his own son. Chiang Kai-shek had high hopes for Chiang Ching-kuo. Teaching Chiang Ching-kuo almost by hand, especially in the field of reading, Chiang Kai-shek personally formulated a daily curriculum, hired teachers, and no matter how busy public affairs were, he would often write letters to his son to study hard and not to slacken off.
In 1920, Chiang Ching-kuo was admitted to Wanzhu Primary School, a well-known primary school in Shanghai, with excellent results. When Chiang Kai-shek heard the news, he was deeply pleased and immediately wrote a letter of praise, telling him not to be proud, to continue to work hard, to learn chinese characters, and to read the Four Books and other traditional cultural classics. The higher the position, the heavier the authority, and more and more chiang kai-shek's affairs, but he never forgot to write a letter to guide his son to study, telling him what he should learn and how to learn this thing.
"Today's learning is Chinese, English, and arithmetic as the most important, as long as you are proficient in these three, you will gradually grow up."
In October 1925, when the 15-year-old Chiang Ching-kuo was given the opportunity to study in the Soviet Union, Chiang Kai-shek agreed to allow him to go abroad to learn new advanced cultural knowledge and to come into contact with the different customs and customs of European and American countries. In the Soviet Union, Chiang Studied at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow. In December of the same year, Chiang Ching-kuo joined the Communist Youth League of China. At the beginning of 1926, Chiang Ching-kuo reported to his father, Chiang Kai-shek, on his study and living conditions by writing a letter.
Chiang Kai-shek replied:
"You've made a lot of progress, and your thoughts and semantics are all right. Although I did not join the Communist Party, but was a pure member of the Kuomintang, I thought that the revolution was the cause of my life. I am a revolutionary comrade to you, called father and son. ”
In his subsequent letters, Chiang Kai-shek encouraged his son more than once to take communism as his cause and carry it forward.
It was 1926, but the following year, on April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek led a counter-revolutionary coup d'état, revealing a completely different meaning from the content of Chiang Ching-kuo's letters. It's unbelievable.
Because of the letter from his father Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang Ching-kuo was more active in the school, and once gave a speech in the school auditorium under the title of "The Purpose and Final Success of China's Northern Expedition", which was unanimously praised by all the teachers and students of the school, and the applause from the audience was thunderous. The secretary of the University's United Communist Party Branch even said to others:
"Chiang Ching-kuo is a trained Marxist."
Chiang Ching-kuo was a prominent figure at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, as was his father, Chiang Kai-shek, in China.
But something tragic happened. Because of Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary and counter-revolutionary coup, Chiang Ching-kuo's good days came to an end. After learning of his father's actions in the "April 12 counter-revolutionary coup", Chiang Ching-kuo showed great indignation and radicalism, took the lead in encouraging students to march and demonstrate in front of the Building of the Communist International in Moscow, and also published an article in the newspaper condemning his father Chiang Kai-shek:
"Chiang Kai-shek was my father, a revolutionary friend of mine, but now an enemy of mine. A few days ago, his actions could no longer prove that he was a revolutionary, and he became a counter-revolutionary. He said all the good things about the revolution, but when he took control of the military, he betrayed the revolution. ”
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which had wanted to take measures to forcibly arrest and imprison Chiang Ching-kuo, chose to give up after seeing his series of anti-Chiang kai-shek actions. The Soviet Communists recognized Chiang Ching-kuo, and his classmates at the same school called him "beloved." Chiang Ching-kuo's remarks and deeds in the Soviet Union made Chiang Kai-shek, who had been educated by traditional Confucian culture since childhood, very dissatisfied, and his heart was quite unhappy, but he felt that perhaps this was the practice of his son Mingzhe to protect himself, so he understood some.
If there were no accidents, Chiang Ching-kuo would still have had a good life in the Soviet Union, but his luck was not very good, and he followed the wrong leader. Lev Trotsky was one of the important leaders of the CPSU, and as soon as Lenin died, he was suppressed by Stalin and others. Chiang Ching-kuo considered Lev Trotsky to be a "brave revolutionary" and felt that his doctrine was the most progressive, and Chiang Ching-kuo regarded him as an idol.
Chiang Ching-kuo indulged in the study of Lev Trotsky's radical revolutionary theory and joined the secret Trotskyist organization. Stalin once gave a lecture at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow and openly criticized Trotskyist ideas as wrong. But Chiang Ching-kuo was unmoved, carried out anti-Stalin activities overt and covert, and was determined to fight with Lev Trotsky to the end.
In December 1927, when Lev Trotsky was expelled from the Party, Chiang Ching-kuo realized that he had made an irreparable mistake and voluntarily quit the Trotskyists. However, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union has already marked him
"Political insecurity, indecision, and the need for long-term special political surveillance"
Label. Chiang Ching-kuo was assigned to the frontier as a lowest-ranking private in Siberia.
In the autumn of 1928, Chiang Ching-kuo, who had been politically surveilled, returned to Moscow and escorted the Leningrad Red Army Military and Political University with his excellent performance at the university and the evaluation of "one of the five best cadets". Chiang Ching-kuo studied seriously and diligently, and served as a company commander, battalion commander, and regiment commander during his school years. At the same time, Chiang Ching-kuo repeatedly submitted a request to the Soviet government to return to China, but all of them were rejected. The Soviet government, believing that Chiang Ching-kuo had the intention of returning to China to aid in the abuse, deprived him of the right to communicate with his family.
Beginning in 1927, Chiang Kai-shek frantically eliminated Soviet influence and relations in China, and the Nationalist government severed diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. Chiang Kai-shek knew that the more he did this, the more his son Chiang Ching-kuo would not be able to return to China. He wanted his son to return home, but he refused to pay any price. Sino-Soviet relations went from rupture to deterioration, making Chiang Ching-kuo's return to China more and more distant.
Chiang Ching-kuo's hope of returning to China is slimmer, and Chiang Kai-shek, as a father, is even more sad, but he hardly shows his inner vulnerability and sadness, and he comforts himself:
"Take the party as the home, and the Huangpu students as the son."
More than once, he said in public: "The people are all my sons, so why should a son be born on his own?" Chiang Kai-shek can't hide it no matter how he can, and he can still see his sadness as a father.
Soong had suggested that Chiang Kai-shek temporarily recognize the Treaty of Boli in exchange for Chiang Ching-kuo's return to China. But Chiang Kai-shek strongly refused, considering that the impact of signing the treaty was very bad, even if it was not fulfilled. Chiang Kai-shek let out harsh words:
"To agree to the Treaty of Boley is to destroy the country, and I would rather sacrifice everything than admit it!"
I have to say that this attitude, this kind of boldness, is very convincing.
This does not mean that Chiang Kai-shek's feelings for his son have become weak and distant, on the contrary, his feelings for his son have become more mellow like an old wine. In chiang kai-shek's diary in 1931, Chiang Kai-shek wrote a lot about his thoughts about Chiang Ching-kuo:
"The young man has not heard of the gentleman's road, his self-cultivation is not effective, he is not obedient to his relatives, he is not merciful to his son, and he still regrets it." Night dreaming drowsy, crying to the mother twice. After waking up, I am more remorseful and filial piety. The country is chaotic and lonely, but there is only pain. ”
But when there was an opportunity to exchange it for his son Chiang Ching-kuo, Chiang Kai-shek chose not to. On June 15, 1931, Niu Lan and his wife, members of the Eastern Bureau of the Communist International in Shanghai, were arrested by the Shanghai Patrol House. Niu Lan and his wife are responsible for the Communist Party of China's Southern Bureau, the CPC Yangtze River Bureau, the CPC's Northern Bureau, and the Communist Party organizations of overseas countries. In order to rescue Niu Lan and his wife, the CPC security department and the General Staff Of the Soviet Red Army all took action, and song Qingling was invited as an intermediary to exchange Chiang Ching-kuo for Niu Lan and his wife.
At first, Chiang Kai-shek had the hope of his son's return to China, but then he thought that the Soviet government attached so much importance to niulan and his wife, indicating that they were very important. His own son, self-interest; The Cowlan couple, public interest. Moreover, Chiang Kai-shek also thought of Soong Ching-ling as a lobbyist to tell himself about these things, indicating that Soong Ching-ling had close relations with the CPC and the CPSU.
Chiang Kai-shek finally decided to reject Soong Ching-ling's proposal, knowing that his refusal was likely to bring him to the death penalty, but he did so anyway. During this period, Chiang Kai-shek more than once expressed in his diary that his ambitions were lofty, vulgar ambitions, and so on.
Chiang Ching-kuo, who has never been able to return to China, must continue to "study abroad." On March 28, 1930, the CPSU approved Chiang Ching-kuo's persistence in exposing the counter-revolutionary atrocities of his father, Chiang Kai-shek, in view of his persistent efforts to expose the counter-revolutionary atrocities of his father, the CPSU. In July 1930, Chiang Ching-kuo, who graduated from university, was sent to the factory for an internship. As the days got better and better and more hopeful, Chiang Ching-kuo himself made mistakes again.
In October 1931, Chiang Ching-kuo publicly criticized Wang Ming, the CCP's representative to the Comintern, and was sent to a farm outside Moscow for renovation. In 1932, Wang Ming's false accusations and Chiang Kai-shek's refusal to change the attitude of Niulan and his wife allowed Chiang Ching-kuo to go to the siberian gold mines to do hard work. The miner's life lasted for almost a year, after which he went to work as a technician in a machinery factory. 1932 was Chiang Ching-kuo's most difficult year of studying in the Soviet Union.
In September 1934, the situation in Asia changed, and Chiang Kai-shek sent Gu Weijun and three others to the Soviet Union for negotiations. Before leaving, Chiang Kai-shek made a special confession as a father and tried to get Chiang Ching-kuo to return to China. In December 1934, the director of the Ural Branch of the Soviet Ministry of Internal Affairs approached Chiang Ching-kuo and asked him if he wanted to return to China. Of course, Chiang Ching-kuo wanted to return to China, but he was worried that revealing his true thoughts would not only prevent him from returning to China, but also make himself live a more miserable life as a miner.
Chiang Kai-shek, who was eagerly awaiting at home, was very depressed when he heard the news that his son did not want to return to China, and he was worried about his son's life and death, and he also felt angry and hateful that his son was "redwashed." Chiang Kai-shek wrote in his diary:
"The kingdom has been reddened, and even when I return to china, I don't know how to get along. Now that there is no return, and the sorrow of the remaining rebellious son is the loss of the horse, and God will have his will. ”
In 1935, Chiang Ching-kuo returned to Moscow and was given the opportunity to write a letter home. Chiang Ching-kuo still did not dare to reveal his intention to return to China, but said implicitly:
"I don't want to eat the small dishes of my hometown for a day."
Knowing the son Mo Ruo's father, Chiang Kai-shek understood the meaning of his son and felt very relieved. Later, Chiang Ching-kuo's eagerness to return to China was shaken out by a letter to Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang Ching-kuo's alternate party membership was disqualified, supervision intensified, and the Soviet high command came to an even higher level
"Let us not forget that Chiang Ching-kuo will always be Chiang Kai-shek's son."
Conclusion.
Seeing that there was no hope of returning to China, Chiang Ching-kuo married a female worker in the same factory in March 1935 and gave birth to a baby Jiang Xiaowen in December. The Xi'an incident became a peaceful settlement, the ten-year civil war was basically over, and Chiang Ching-kuo's return to China was no longer a problem. On March 25, 1937, Chiang Ching-kuo left Moscow on the No. 2 Siberian Express. When Chiang Kai-shek received the news that Chiang Ching-kuo was about to return to China, he was excited in his heart and wrote in the middle of the day
"Ten years of hard fighting, Fang Deguo and home are gradually brighter"
。
However, when he knew exactly when Chiang Ching-kuo would return home, Chiang Kai-shek began to panic, and his heart was full of sorrow, and he did not know how to meet, communicate, and get along with this son who had been "redwashed." Moreover, Chiang Kai-shek scolded his son Chiang Ching-kuo in the newspapers more than once:
"The godson is careless, self-destructive, but it is painful and sad."
On April 18, 1937, Chiang Ching-kuo arrived in Hangzhou, and Chiang Kai-shek was a little difficult to decide whether he should meet with his son. The next day, Chiang Kai-shek made up his mind to meet Chiang Ching-kuo's family. But it was not until he actually met Chiang Ching-kuo that Chiang Kai-shek stopped being distressed and relaxed. In "Reflections of the Month", it is written:
"It is not unusual for the children to return home from Russia, to be separated for twelve years, and to reunite flesh and bones, but to comfort the spirits of the ancestors."
On the question of whether Chiang Ching-kuo ever believed in Marxism, the benevolent see the wise and the wise.