Wang Yaowu
preface
In 1948, Wang Yaowu, a senior Kuomintang general and god of war, was captured alive by our army in Shouguang. During the interrogation, Wang Yaowu's remarks made people suddenly feel that he was one of the few sober people in the Kuomintang. He said:
“
The Kuomintang is always backward, the Communist Party is always progressive, the Communist Party is one foot, the Kuomintang is one inch, I see your side rectifying the wind, I also call the lower side rectification, the result is that it does not matter, because they (referring to their subordinates) just say and do not do, in addition, the four major elements of politics, economy, culture, and military are not as good as you.
So the Kuomintang can't
。
Su Yu, an old rival, also spoke highly of him, saying that he was an understanding person in the national army.
True patriotic soldiers
Wang Yaowu has been actively studying since his arrest, and he is also extremely cautious in his daily life. During his imprisonment, during a small talk, he was asked which person he most admired in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", and Wang Yaowu subconsciously replied "Guan Yu".
But he soon realized that something was wrong, and the next day he specifically found the people present on the spot and clarified that the person he admired most was not Guan Yu. The reason for this is that Guan Yu was once "in Cao Ying's heart in Han". Wang Yaowu was afraid of being used and causing unnecessary trouble.
In addition, he also actively cooperated with outstanding performance. Because he understands that the Communist Party is "orthodox" and has truly achieved "serving the country and the people." This is very different from many Kuomintang personnel in the Gongdelin War Criminals Management Center.
When Wang Yaowu was young
At that time, the Kuomintang war criminals imprisoned by Gong Delin No. 1 had deep reactionary ideas, believing that the Kuomintang was "orthodox," resolutely refusing to admit defeat, not bowing down, and even holding out hope for Chiang Kai-shek's comeback. In order to make the Kuomintang clearly aware of reality, Wang Yaowu openly called out to the Kuomintang on the radio and urged them to surrender.
Mr. Wang said he was very grateful to the Communist Party for its lenient policy, which gave them a chance and persuaded other Kuomintang personnel to surrender. After Chiang Kai-shek heard this broadcast, he smashed the radio with a teacup on the spot and scolded: "Wang Yaowu is a soft bone!" There is no military integrity at all! It's outrageous. ”
However, judging from Wang Yaowu's various performances since he joined the army, he is not what Chiang Kai-shek said. Instead, he was a tough guy with great patriotic feelings. On the contrary, Chiang Kai-shek, in the face of the Japanese who wantonly brutalized the Chinese people, lost his backbone. This can be seen only from the two men's completely different performances in the Second Northern Expedition launched by Chiang Kai-shek in 1928.
Gongdelin Management Office
In 1928, Chiang Kai-shek, who had returned to power as commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army, shouted the slogan of continuing the Northern Expedition in order to unify the whole country as soon as possible and consolidate his position in the Kuomintang. In order to expand their forces, Feng Yuxiang, Yan Xishan, and Li Zongren agreed with Chiang Kai-shek to launch a war against the Fengzhi warlords. Wang Yaowu's unit also participated in the war.
On April 7 of the same year, under the order of Chiang Kai-shek, four group armies were launched at the same time. However, just after they successively captured Tancheng, Lincheng, Laiwu, Tai'an, Jinan and other places, the Japanese government came to intervene. In order to prevent the Development of Anglo-American power to the north, Japan decided on April 17 to send troops to Shandong to interfere in the Northern Expedition initiated by Chiang Kai-shek.
On May 3, the Japanese government openly attacked Jinan. Massacres were carried out against the people of Jinan and even the Northern Expeditionary Army stationed in Jinan! For a time, the city of Jinan was filled with blood. However, in the face of foreign enemies, Chiang Kai-shek chose to blindly give in and compromise, and under the threat of Japan, he also issued an order not to resist. As a result, 10,000 Chinese were killed.
Chiang Kai-shek
Even Cai Gongshi, the director of the Foreign Affairs Department sent by Chiang Kai-shek to negotiate with Japan, was brutally cut off by the Japanese and sacrificed his nose and ears. Such a brutal and brutal practice of the Japanese people aroused the indignation of the people of the whole country for a time, and other countries in the world also strongly condemned the atrocities committed by the Japanese side.
However, after seeing his soldiers and high-ranking officials being brutally attacked by the Japanese army, Chiang Kai-shek remained unmoved and ordered his troops to withdraw from Jinan and continue north around Dezhou.
In the face of the Japanese attack, the two regiments that remained in Jinan rose up to resist, and Wang Yaowu deliberately guarded Jinan, staying behind to cooperate with Li Yannian's regiment to defend Jinan, and with their efforts, they were able to suppress the crazy Japanese army. In the end, because Chiang Kai-shek ordered a retreat, Wang Yaowu's army had to withdraw from Jinan.
Obviously, Wang Yaowu was very sober. Although there are internal contradictions, in the face of foreign enemies, he firmly chooses to unite with the outside world, protect the people in panic, and protect the national territory from falling into the hands of outsiders, and Japan's pressure has not made him retreat by half a point. Therefore, Wang Yaowu is a soldier with real patriotic feelings, and Chiang Kai-shek's saying that he is a soft bone is simply untenable.
The Japanese invasion of China
In addition, in the War of Resistance Against Japan, Wang Yaowu and the Communist Party united to resist Japan together. He was brave and good at fighting, good at leading troops, and his command ability was outstanding.
General Su Yu once commented on him: "He is one of the more capable of commanding among the senior Generals of the Kuomintang."
He is not only good at position warfare and night warfare, but also good at counter-encirclement warfare and annihilation warfare. The style of doing things is fierce, killing and decisive, not only can fight hard battles, but also dare to challenge difficult tasks. Was rated as
In the 8-year War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression of the Kuomintang, he was one of the most capable generals.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he successively participated in the Battle of Songhu, the Battle of Nanjing, the Battle of Lanfeng, the First Battle of Changsha, the Battle of Zhejiang, the Battle of Changde, the Battle of Xuefeng, and the Battle of Shanggao.
In the Battle of Shanggao in 1941, the Japanese army attempted to launch a sweep, capture The Shanggaodi, and destroy the Chinese army between the Ganjiang and Fuhe rivers, wang Yaowu led the Seventy-fourth Army to fight the Japanese army head-on. In order to defeat the Japanese army, Wang Yaowu took the initiative to attack at night, and the two sides fought fiercely for 3 consecutive days, suffering heavy casualties.
Su Yu
After that, the Japanese army dispatched hundreds of aircraft to repeatedly bomb the main positions of Wang Yaowu's Seventy-fourth Army. The ground was instantly scorched, with countless bullet holes, the warriors fell one by one, and the blood on the ground flowed like a river, but Wang Yaowu did not have the slightest timidity.
In the face of the rain of bullets and bullets, he commanded the reserve to launch a total of 7 charges, and in the case of bullets running out, Wang Yaowu regarded death as a homecoming and continued to lead his troops to carry out 7 hand-to-hand combat with the Japanese army. Although blood was pouring down the ground, the position remained motionless. They successfully completed their mission and bought time for friendly forces to encircle the Japanese.
Just after the Chinese army formed an encirclement of the Japanese army, the Japanese side suddenly released poison gas bombs, and in the face of this unprepared blow, many front-line officers and men of the Kuomintang were poisoned and fell to the ground. However, under the leadership of Wang Yaowu, his troops went forward and pursued the Japanese army until the Chinese army surrounded the Japanese army and annihilated it.
This battle was called by He Yingqin, chief of staff of the Central Military Commission.
One of the most exciting battles of the War of Resistance
”。 It was also a battle in which the Chinese side won a comprehensive victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan. And to achieve such results, Wang Yaowugong can be described as indispensable.
Battle of Kamikoku
Moreover, judging from the beginning of this article, Wang Yaowu has long been not optimistic about the Kuomintang. This can also be seen in the fact that during the Battle of Jinan, he stole two American tractors from his backyard.
After his arrest in 1948, the People's Liberation Army searched for two tractors from his backyard, and Wang Yaowu explained that he had planned to finish the battle in Jinan and return to his hometown of Tai'an to farm, so he bought tractors in advance. Therefore, after the defeat of the Battle of Jinan at that time, Wang Yaowu tried every means to escape, and even created a farce in which the People's Liberation Army captured 7 "Wang Yaowu" alive.
The secret of capturing 7 "Wang Yaowu" alive
In September 1948, under Xu Shiyou's fierce attack on Jinan, the defenders led by Wang Yaowu were almost completely annihilated in 8 days and 8 nights. During the period when the People's Liberation Army was struggling to find Wang Yaowu, 7 "Wang Yaowu" were captured alive, but after confirmation, it was found that none of them was Wang Yaowu himself. What's going on here?
It turned out that in order not to be captured alive by the People's Liberation Army, Wang Yaowu found more than a dozen subordinates who were similar to his posture and appearance in advance before the fall of Jinan City, and arranged them in various places. Then, when these people were arrested, they all called themselves "Wang Yaowu" to confuse the People's Liberation Army and create time for him to escape in disguise.
Battle of Jinan
After he was captured in Jinan, he fled to a fortification on the outskirts of Jinan for the night. The next day, he went to Zhoucun, hired a big car, and then went to Yidu, where he was eventually arrested in Tuntian.
On September 28, 1948, Wang Yaowu and four other men and two women drove two rubber-wheeled carriages to Tuntian Village, Shouguang County. As they passed a wooden bridge in the northwest corner of Tuntian Village, they were stopped by sentry inspectors of the Political Guard of the Shouguang County Public Security Bureau.
During the interrogation, they claimed to be Xu Chao, Li Shuang, Wan Yuanxuan, Qiao Yulong, and Qiao Kun (i.e., Wang Yaowu), all from Jinan. Among them, Wang Yaowu lay in the carriage loaded with patients.
Although Qiao Yulong, who was sitting in front of the car, claimed to be a dim sum shop, he wanted to go to Qingdao, Shandong Province, to do business and see his uncle Qiao Kun at the same time. But their rubber-wheeled carriages aroused the suspicion of the interrogators. Because this kind of carriage is not common in the countryside.
Although they said they were going to do business, there was no cargo on the car. And they don't have a Jinan accent either. Coupled with the most intuitive way of talking, it is not like the average businessman at all. In order to find out their details, the interrogators escorted them back to the Public Security Bureau for examination.
During the interrogation, they gave different answers about where they would converge, and as the interrogation progressed, they became more nervous, which made the censors realize that their identity was by no means simple.
Report on the capture of Wang Yaowu alive
At first, Wang Yaowu had been covering his face with a hand towel on the carriage. Claiming to be very sick and unable to get out of the car. But when the censors removed the hand towel from his face, they found that the skin on his forehead was white, as if he had worn a military hat.
In order to find out his identity as soon as possible, the censors asked him to get out of the car, so Qiao Yulong carried him down. But before long, Wang Yaowu said he wanted to defecate. Just at this moment, Qiao Yulong took out a wad of foreign hand paper from his pocket and exposed them again. Because the average businessman would never do that.
Upon learning of this news, the head of the interrogation unit of the Shouguang County Public Security Bureau decided to interrogate him personally, and Wang Yaowu was sent to the confinement room.
Shortly after entering the confinement room, Wang Yaowu finally gave up resistance and said, "It has reached this step, so I will tell you the truth." I am Wang Yaowu, and those few people are my guards. I'm going to talk to your county commissioner. ”
During a conversation with the county magistrate, Wang Yaowu openly explained the reasons for the fall of Jinan. He believes that there are two reasons for the fall of Jinan. On the one hand, because Wu Huawen surrendered, and Wu Huawen surrendered, mainly because He Zhibin was educated during his captivity by the People's Liberation Army, So Wu Huawen was drawn together by him to surrender.
Wu Huawen
On the other hand, mainly because the morale of the Kuomintang in Jinan was low, the soldiers could not even solve the basic problem of food and clothing. Although the superior officer did not say it, he was also very dissatisfied.
Subsequently, Wang Yaowu sighed: "Your leniency policy is really too powerful, and I am afraid of your leniency policy."
Wang Yaowu did not exaggerate at all. When he later entered the Gongdelin Management Office, at first he still had a lot of concerns in his heart, and Chairman Mao asked him to give him a message:
"Your merits are meritorious deeds, your deeds in the past, your anti-Japanese merits, our Communist Party will always remember, as long as you are at ease with the transformation, you will soon return to the people."
Such a humane and tolerant policy completely dispelled Wang Yaowu's concerns and made him more active, which also made him the first batch of amnesty personnel.
While affirming the Communist Party, Wang Yaowu also pointed out the problems of the Kuomintang. He had made early plans to return to the countryside to cultivate the land, also because he had already seen through the difficulty of the Kuomintang becoming a great instrument. He commented on the difference between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party:
"The Kuomintang is always backward, the Communist Party is always progressive, the Communist Party is advancing by one foot, the Kuomintang is advancing by one inch, I have seen your side rectify the wind, and I have also called the lower side to rectify the wind, and the result is that they do not care, because they (referring to their subordinates) just say and do not do, and the four major elements of politics, economy, culture, and military are not as good as you, so the Kuomintang cannot do it."
Wang Yaowu after his arrest
It can be seen that although he has participated in internal warfare, Wang Yaowu is unusually sober. However, his sobriety, before Jinan was breached, made his subordinates unbelievable.
The release of Communist prisoners surprised his subordinates
In September 1948, Wu Huawen, commander of the reorganized 96th Army of the Kuomintang Army, led 20,000 people to withdraw from the battlefield after the Platon Army won over it, and the People's Liberation Army rushed forward and occupied the position west of the commercial port on the 20th. Wang Yaowen's defensive deployment was thus disrupted, and the Kuomintang's confidence was greatly shaken.
In order to reverse the situation, Wang Yaowu requested a breakthrough, but was severely reprimanded by Chiang Kai-shek. In desperation, he could only obey the order and hold Jinan. At the same time, Wang Yaowu quickly adjusted the deployment plan. But by this time he had anticipated the ending and felt it was time to make some arrangements.
On the same day, Wang Yaowu evacuated the people on the one hand and tried to avoid causing innocent casualties. On the other hand, Wang Yaowu ordered the release of all prisoners, including the captured Communists and the People's Liberation Army. Hearing this order, the subordinates were very surprised.
Although the situation is not good, but after all, the city has not been destroyed, why should these people be released in advance? Moreover, they also released their enemies, is this to wait for them to fight back?
The former site of the temporary headquarters of the Nationalist defenders in the Battle of Jinan
Wang Yaowu not only released the People's Liberation Army, but also instructed his subordinates to send them out of the city safely, and issued each officer with a gold dollar coupon of 5 yuan and a soldier of 3 yuan to let them go back. Moreover, no one is allowed to be harmed, otherwise it will be dealt with by military law. In order to ensure that the order was executed, he specially sent the head of the spy team to personally deal with it.
Compared with those who defeated and killed their opponents, Wang Yaowu can be said to be a very conscientious person and a real soldier. Throughout his combat career, his purpose has always been to defend his family and the country, and he also loved the people in peacetime. This is also an important reason why he was able to receive a pardon from Chairman Mao.
The Communist Party has always distinguished between merit and fault, but Chairman Mao will not take refuge in those who, even if they have made great contributions, have seriously harmed the interests of the people and the country. Although Liu Qingshan, a corrupt official, fought heroically in both the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, he made many meritorious contributions.
But he and Zhang Zishan operated illegally, sending 4.9 billion yuan to profiteers to sell steel, resulting in a loss of 1.4 billion yuan in people's assets. In addition, he embezzled as much as 184 million yuan (old currency). Seriously harm the interests of the country and the people. Therefore, after the matter was clearly investigated, Chairman Mao directly approved the death penalty.
Wang Yaowu not only thought very thoroughly about the Communist Party. The same is true of Chiang Kai-shek.
Liu Qingshan
Chiang Kai-shek once gave Wang Yaowu and others a sword with the words "If you don't succeed, you will become a ren."
Therefore, Liu Bingkun, the commander of the 74th Division of Jinan Reorganization, committed suicide with a sword after the fall of Jinan. But Wang Yaowu did not, as Chiang Kai-shek expected, to cut himself off after the defeat. In this regard, he once explained: "Even suicide cannot become a benevolent person." Because the civil war was different from the War of Resistance Against Japan. Suicide does not do any good, but falls into infamy.
In addition, when he was about to lose jinan, he once instructed his family: "If I have an accident, do not go to Taiwan, you can go to Hong Kong." It can be seen that Wang Yaowu has thoroughly seen Chiang Kai-shek. Since Chiang Kai-shek was able to disregard the lives and deaths of his people and watch the enemy brutalize the people without the slightest resistance, how could he be expected to make good arrangements for his family?
Wang Yaowu's sobriety also gave him a better ending. After being pardoned in December 1959, he was assigned to serve as a commissioner for culture and history of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and the state gave him a good salary. In 1964, he was invited to become a member of the National Committee of the Communist Party of China.
Wang Yaowu in his later years
After all the dust settled, Wang Yaowu was again troubled. His wife, Zheng Yilan, wanted to live with her son who was far away in Costa Rica, and Wang Yaowu did not want to go to his homeland, because she was worried that her husband was not in good health and was alone, she proposed a divorce.
Wang Yaowu was deeply sad because of this, but the state was very concerned about him. Premier Zhou Enlai was interested in helping him solve his personal problems, and under his care, Wang Yaowu was introduced in 1966 to marry Wu Bolun, a middle school teacher in Beijing. In 1968, Wang Yaowen died of illness in Beijing.
In view of his significant contribution to the War of Resistance Against Japan, in 1980, the Party Central Committee held a memorial service for him, and his ashes were also placed in the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing. For a meritorious person like Wang Yaowu, the country and the people will never forget.