During the period of the Red Army, there was such a senior Kuomintang general who was upright all his life and full of ambition to serve the country and the people, and resolutely declared an uprising to join the Red Army when the Red Army was in the difficult stage of the third anti-encirclement and suppression campaign. His arrival greatly enhanced the strength of the Red Army. On the Long March, the legion he led has always been the heaviest task and the biggest casualty task, not only to block the pursuing soldiers who are several times larger than themselves, but also to retreat with their whole body. Even so, he had no complaints, and under his command, the troops repeatedly repelled and delayed the pursuit of the Kuomintang troops, effectively ensuring the safety of the main force of the Red Army and the central organs, and the legion he led was thus awarded the honorary title of "Iron Stream Rear Guard", and he was the commander of the Fifth Red Army
Dong Zhentang
。
Dong Zhentang (1895~1937)
Since the ancient Yan Zhao Duo zhuangshi, Dong Zhentang
It is the most typical representative of this trait. Born in Xilijiazhuang Village, Xinhe County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province in the late Qing Dynasty, he learned martial arts with his father since childhood, and his physical fitness was excellent, and he learned a good martial art. In 1914, the 19-year-old Dong Zhentang graduated from high school and was admitted to Jixian Middle School. In 1917, when Dong Zhentang was 22 years old, he chose to throw pens from Rong to Beijing to apply for the preparatory department of the Baoding Officer School, and was later admitted to the Qinghe Army Preparatory School. In the autumn of 1920, Dong Zhentang was admitted to the Ninth Artillery Department of the Baoding Military Academy. In the spring of 1922, Dong Zhentang graduated with honors and joined the military, known for his strict military discipline
Feng Yuxiang
The Northwest Army participated in many battles such as the Second Zhifeng War, the Northern Expedition War, and the Central Plains War. Because of his bravery and good fighting skills and outstanding military achievements, Dong Zhentang was repeatedly promoted and successively appointed as the commander of the 36th Division, the 5th Division, and the 13th Division of the Second Group Army of the National Revolutionary Army.
Feng Yuxiang, the leader of the Northwest Army
When fighting, he was very brave, often taking the lead in the charge, the soldiers were infected by his spirit, and they were often not afraid of life and death on the battlefield, and fought bravely to kill the enemy, so his troops were very effective. As an old soldier, most of the senior officers in the warlord army at that time lived in a rotten life and did everything, but Dong Zhentang, who was the commander of the division, was different from them. Although his monthly salary at that time was 200 oceans, he was still very simple, and he was always generous to subordinate officers and ordinary soldiers when they encountered difficulties. He was in such a high position, but he still cared for sympathy for lower-ranking soldiers, which was rare in the old army and was exemplary.
Northwest Army Knife Brigade
However, in the face of endless warlord melee, full of the ambition to serve the country and the people, with the motto of lying down and tasting courage and vowing to die to save the country
But he fell into endless wandering and painful thoughts. But it was during this period that he was made a member of the Communist Party, head of the General Political Department of the National Coalition Army
Liu Bojian
The influence gradually came into contact with some revolutionary ideas.
Liu Bojian (1895·1935)
In 1930, Jiang, Feng, and Yan broke out in the Central Plains War, and the Northwest Army was defeated, and Feng Yuxiang was forced to flee the wilderness. In the spring of the following year, Chiang Kai-shek reorganized the 12th, 13th, 14th, and 15th Divisions of the Former Northwest Army into the 26th Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army.
Sun Lianzhong
As the commander-in-chief, Zhao Bosheng served as the chief of staff, under the jurisdiction of the 25th and 27th divisions,
He was appointed brigade commander of the 73rd Brigade of the 25th Division.
Zhao Bosheng, chief of staff of the 26th Route Army
In February 1931, Chiang Kai-shek gathered his forces and carried out the second "encirclement and suppression" of the Central Revolutionary Soviet Zone, and the 26th Army was forced to enter Jiangxi to encircle and suppress the Red Army. After the 26th Army arrived in Jiangxi, the situation deteriorated, and not only was the war frustrated, but also the homesickness and war weariness among the officers and men was strong. In July, Chiang Kai-shek launched the third "encirclement and suppression" of the Central Soviet Region, and under strict orders,
When he came into contact with the people in the base areas, he saw that the people in the base areas sincerely supported the Communist Party and the Red Army, and felt that the Communist Party's propositions and practices were very much in line with the simple ideal of saving the country and saving the people in his heart. The Kuomintang army failed three times in succession, and Chiang Kai-shek ordered the 26th Army to besiege the isolated city of Ningdu. Since the officers and men of the 26th Army were mostly northerners, due to the lack of water and soil, the spread of the plague, and the extremely poor supply and medical conditions, within a few months, thousands of people in the 26th Army fell ill and died.
On September 18 of that year, Japan brazenly launched the September 18 Incident, and the whole country set off a movement to resist Japan and save the dead, and the officers and men of the 26th Army were even more excited, demanding that they go north to resist Japan and defend their hometown, and jointly wrote a letter to Sun Lianzhong, commander-in-chief of the 26th Route Army. Sun Lianzhong also wanted to get out of the predicament by this, so he sent a telegram to Chiang Kai-shek to ask for instructions, and at the same time ordered the whole army to go north. However, what people did not expect was that the 26th Route Army was only 60 miles north when it was blocked by the heavy troops of the Central Army, and had to return to Ningdu. After that, Sun Lianzhong left his troops to Shanghai to treat dental disease, and the daily affairs were handled by the chief of staff of the 26th Route Army
Zhao Bosheng
preside. Under these circumstances, the special branch of the COMMUNIST Party of China that worked secretly in the 26th Route Army stepped up its military movement activities because of the situation, and successively developed nearly 20 party members, including Chief of Staff Zhao Bosheng.
Dong Zhentang and
Brigade Commander of the 74th Brigade
Ji Zhentong
and the Head of the Regiment
Huang Zhongyue
Others were already dissatisfied with the Kuomintang's exclusion of dissidents, and everyone unanimously agreed to hold an armed uprising to defect to the Red Army.
From left: Ji Zhentong, Dong Zhentang, Zhao Bosheng, Huang Zhongyue
On December 14, 1931, 17,000 officers and men of the 26th Route Army were present
Dong Zhentang, Zhao Bosheng, Ji Zhentong
Under the joint command, it was held that shocked both Chinese and foreign countries
Ningdu revolted
, defected to the Soviet District. The troops of the uprising were reorganized into the Fifth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army,
as commander-in-chief of the corps,
Xiao Jinguang
As a political commissar of the Legion,
As Deputy Commander-in-Chief,
As chief of staff, Liu Bojian served as the director of the Political Department, and the troops were divided into the 13th, 14th, and 15th armies, and the commanders were Dong Zhentang, Zhao Bosheng, and Huang Zhongyue. The Ningdu Uprising, which suddenly nearly doubled the strength of the Red Army, played an important role in crushing the third and fourth encirclement and suppression of the Kuomintang in the future.
In the spring of 1932, the Red Third Army attacked ganzhou city for a long time, with heavy casualties, and the enemy's 11th Division was about to come to the rescue. At Chairman Mao's suggestion, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission ordered the Fifth Red Army to go to the front line in Ganzhou to rescue the Red Third Army, which was suffering from the enemy on its back, to prevent the enemy from rushing out of the city and to block the reinforcements outside the city. This was the first battle fought since the formation of the Fifth Red Army, and it was ordered to be in danger.
Immediately led the troops to set off, a bloody battle, rescued the Red Three Legions in danger, and became famous in the first battle. In April, Dong Zhentang was there
He Changgong
He was honorably introduced to the Communist Party of China. At this time, Chairman Mao commanded the Red First and Fifth Armies of the Eastern Route Army to launch the Zhangzhou Campaign, and Dong Zhentang led his troops to participate. On the 10th, the Eastern Route Army captured Longyan City, and on the 19th, the main force of the enemy's 49th Division was on the outskirts of Zhangzhou, and the next day it liberated Zhangzhou. After the Battle of Zhangzhou, in May, Dong Zhentang was promoted to the commander of the Fifth Red Army. At this time, the Central Red Army was in great momentum, and the Warlords of Guangdong were there
Chen Jitang and Yu Hanmou
Gather the strength of 20 regiments and attack the southern part of Jiangxi. In July, Dong Zhentang led the Red Fifth Army to engage the enemy near Shuikou wei. After the battle began, he personally led four or five thousand Officers and Men of the Red Army armed with large knives to the front line, and at the sound of an order, the officers and men of the Fifth Red Army swung their large swords and divided into four roads to kill the enemy together. Dong Zhentang led his troops to pursue with victory, and the enemy was full of corpses, with more than 3,000 casualties, and the prestige of the Red Fifth Army was played. After that, the large knife of Dong Zhentang of the Red Fifth Army made the enemy army fearful.
thereafter
He successively participated in the battles of Yihuang, Dong'an, Huangpi and Dongpi. In battle, he used flexible guerrilla tactics to strike hard at the enemy and win one victory after another, while he also studied war in war and improved his military level. Under his command, the Red Fifth Army became a unit that was good at fighting clever battles, hard battles, and vicious battles, which was especially reflected in the later Long March.
In October 1934, due to the erroneous leadership of Wang Ming's "Left" adventurism, the fifth anti-encirclement and suppression campaign failed, and the Central Red Army had to implement a strategic shift and start the Long March.
At the beginning of the Long March,
The Red Fifth Army was ordered to serve as a rearguard to cover the movement of the whole army. At this time, the former Chief of the General Staff
Liu Bocheng
He was demoted to chief of staff of the Fifth Red Army and became Dong Zhentang's partner. In order to cover the retarded Central Column and the Central Military Commission column all crossed the Xiang River safely, he and Liu Bocheng, chief of staff, fought on the front line and led the Red Fifth Army to fight fiercely for two days and two nights in the area of The Crossing and The Land Wei, blocking the pursuit of the 100,000 Kuomintang troops, successfully covering the central organs to cross the Xiang River, and protecting the safety of the Party Central Committee. In this battle, the Red Fifth Army suffered heavy losses, from more than 12,000 people to more than 6,000 people, of which the 34th Division was almost completely destroyed, the political commissar
Cheng Cuilin
Sacrifice, Division Commander
Chen Shuxiang
He committed suicide by hanging his intestines after being captured.
In April 1935, the Central Red Army came to the banks of the Jinsha River, when the task of the Fifth Red Army was to block the enemy for three days along the ShibanHe River and cover the main force to cross the Jinsha River. However, due to the failure to build the pontoon bridge and the lack of enough ferries, the Red Fifth Army changed from three days and three nights to nine days and nine nights. duration
Without slacking off for a moment, he commanded the officers and men of the Red Army to repel dozens of consecutive enemy attacks before completing the cover task, and the Red Fifth Army also paid heavy losses for this.
In June 1935, after the Red Army and the Red Fourth Front met in Maogong division in Sichuan, the Red Army entered the meadow. In August, after a meeting of the Party Central Committee, Mao Ergai decided to mix the First and Fourth Fronts into two armies, the left and right armies, and to go north together, and the Fifth Red Army was divided into the Left Route Army led by Zhang Guotao, Zhu De, and Liu Bocheng. During this period, Zhang Guotao not only confiscated the radio stations of the Fifth Red Army and Chairman Mao of the Party Central Committee, but also set up an overhead
, transferred the former political commissar
Li Zhuoran
, sent his cronies
Huang Chao
He took over as political commissar.
In January 1936, Zhang Guotao merged the Red Fifth Army with the Thirty-third Army of the Red Fourth Front and renamed it the Red Fifth Army.
He was appointed as the commander of the army, and Huang Chao was appointed as the political commissar. On July 1, 1936, the Fifth Red Army was in the Aba area with the Red Army
He Long, Shock
The Red Second Front led by the red army will meet the division and go north together. The commanders and fighters of the Fifth Red Army endured hardships, crossed the snowy mountains and meadows three times, passed through the baoza, and came out of Lazikou, and on October 8, 1936, they met the Red Army in Huining, Gansu Province. However, Dong Zhentang's Red Fifth Army did not unload kurama because of this, and they were about to embark on a long death journey. This time, it is a farewell!
In October 1936, a total of 21,800 people from the First Unit of the Red Fourth Front (Fifth Army, Ninth Army, and 30th Army) were instructed by the Central Revolutionary Military Commission to cross the Yellow River in the west to carry out the Ningxia Campaign Plan. In mid-November, according to the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, the troops crossing the river were called the Western Route Army.
The Red Fifth Army still served as a rearguard this time, but at this time the Red Fifth Army only had more than 4,600 people, more than 1,300 guns, and an average of only 5 rounds of bullets per gun, which was the worst weaponry among the three armies crossing the river. In December, the Western Route Army occupied Yongchang and Shandanhou. On the evening of the 27th, the Fifth Red Army was ordered by the General Headquarters of the Western Route Army to withdraw from Shandan and march westward. After the Red Fifth Army withdrew from Shandan, it embarked on the road of the Western Expedition, and this time the Red Fifth Army changed from the former "steel rearguard" to the forward of the whole army.
December 29,
Led the Fifth Red Army to capture the county seat of Linze. On the 31st, the Fifth Army, the General Supply Department and the Women's Anti-Japanese Pioneer Regiment entered Linze County. After entering the city, Dong Zhentang immediately ordered the troops to seize the time to rest, and then found the military political commissar Huang Chao, after consultation, Huang Chao decided to lead the army's direct subordinate brigade plus the thirty-seventh regiment and forty-third regiment to garrison Linze, and Dong Zhentang led the thirty-ninth regiment, the forty-fifth regiment, the special agent regiment, the cavalry regiment, and the headquarters women's vanguard regiment, totaling more than 2,800 people, to attack Gaotai County.
On the night of December 31, Commander
, Director of the Political Department
Yang Keming
He led the Thirty-ninth Regiment, the Forty-fifth Regiment, two companies of the Cavalry Regiment of the Army, four companies of the Special Agent Regiment, and three battalions and one unit of the Women's Anti-Japanese Pioneer Regiment to march into Gaotai. After more than an hour of fighting, the officers and men of the Fifth Red Army took the county seat of Gaotai County, the enemy security forces and militia regiments all surrendered their weapons and surrendered, and the Red Fifth Army captured a number of warhorses, weapons and ammunition.
After that, due to the Xi'an Incident, Chiang Kai-shek returned to Nanjing, immediately detained Zhang Xueliang, who was accompanying him, and mobilized forty divisions to prepare for an attack on Xi'an, and the situation became tense again. At this time, the central authorities called to order the Western Route Army not to advance westward for the time being, to wait and see the current situation, and to respond to shaanxi and Gansu's intentions at any time when it was necessary for the Western Route Army to return to the east. In this way, the stay of the Western Route Army caused great panic to the Majia Army, and they would never allow the Red Army to establish a base on its own territory, so a bloody battle came.
On January 12, 1937, Ma Yuanhai mobilized more than 20,000 troops and militia regiments to attack Gaotai City with the cooperation of artillery.
Command the Red Fifth Army to fight alone to resist the enemy's attack, but due to the fierce offensive of the enemy, it can only gradually retreat into the city and rely on the city wall to attack the enemy. Fierce fighting lasted for four days, and the Red Fifth Army annihilated more than 600 enemy troops. However, due to the serious damage to the fortifications of the castle, our army suffered heavy casualties and the situation was extremely urgent. With no reinforcements and no ammunition, Dong Zhentang decided to lead his troops to break through. At this time, Huang Chao, the political commissar stationed in Linze County, sent a letter saying that Gaotai was the only way to advance westward, and the headquarters ordered the Fifth Red Army to die on Gaotai and coexist with Gaotai.
Shocked after reading the letter, as a commander who had been fighting for a long time, he clearly knew that if the troops did not break through now, there would be no chance in the future. But this decision of the headquarters was undoubtedly to bury all the Red Fifth Army here, and At this time, Dong Zhentang, who was a seven-foot boy, could not help but burst into tears. After a moment of silence, Dong Zhentang turned back and said categorically to the soldier who delivered the letter: "Please go back and tell Political Commissar Huang Chao that obeying orders is the duty of a soldier, and I Dong Zhentang swear to coexist and die with Gaotai!" ”
After the soldier who delivered the letter left,
A meeting of cadres at and above the regimental level was held in the Catholic Church, at which he announced the cancellation of the breakout plan, and the Fifth Red Army coexisted with Gaotai and died, and the people were in the city and the city was dead. Although everyone knew that this decision might face the total annihilation of the army, as a Communist Party member and a commander and fighter of the Red Army, they all chose to obey and followed the commander Dong Zhentang to shed the last drop of blood for the death of Gaotai.
In the early morning of the twentieth day of January, the enemy attacked the city from all sides with all its strength. The defenders of the city fought bloodily, using the last grenades, stones, and tiles to fight the enemy to the death. A few of the bad elements in the militia that had been incorporated took the opportunity to open the city gates, and the enemy rushed into the city.
With the remaining twenty or thirty people to the East City Gate to block the enemy, he held a double gun, led the soldiers around him to fight with the enemy on the east gate wall, unfortunately hit by a bullet, heroic sacrifice, only 42 years old.
After the bad news of the heroic sacrifice reached Yan'an, the Party Central Committee and the red army officers were deeply saddened. At Dong Zhentang's memorial service, Chairman Mao said affectionately: "Lu Yao knows the horsepower and has seen the hearts of the people for a long time, and he is a resolute revolutionary comrade." ”
Imagine if
Without participating in the Western Expedition, with his military talents, he would certainly be able to shine on the battlefield of the War of Resistance Against Japan and the War of Liberation. During the Red Army period, he was definitely a person who made great contributions to the Party Central Committee, and with the subsequent merits, he would certainly be awarded the rank of marshal in 1955.
Other Leaders of the Red Fifth Army Ending:
Ji Zhentong (commander-in-chief of the Fifth Red Army), mistakenly killed in 1934;
Zhao Bosheng (Chief of Staff of the Fifth Red Army and Commander of the 14th Army), killed in battle in 1933;
Huang Zhongyue (commander of the 15th Army of the Fifth Red Army), mistakenly killed in 1934;
Conferred in 1955 on the rank of Admiral, 1 person:
Li Da, Deputy Chief of the General Staff and Central Advisory Committee.
Awarded lieutenant general in 1955, 5:
Wang Bingzhang, First Deputy Commander of the Air Force and Minister of the Seven Aircraft;
Sun Yi, Advisor to the General Staff;
Sun Jixian, deputy commander of the Jinan Military Region;
Li Xuesan, Deputy Political Commissar of the General Rear;
Han Zhenji, Vice Minister of General Logistics;
In 1955, it was awarded to major generals, Wang Qian and 28 others.