The day before yesterday's article mentioned the characteristics and types of Han Dynasty jade bi, the following friends to bring their own collection exchanges, for the theme and shape of jade bi, previously also introduced in the article a number, today for one of the jade bi shape system, to make a detailed explanation.
First, the analysis and interpretation of the causes of historical and cultural background
We all know that the Han Empire's Jiangshan was built on the basis of the Qin Empire's iron fist rule, almost shattered and recast, as a cultural group marked by agricultural civilization, and finally brought ruin to another ethnic group living in Eurasia, marked by nomadic civilization, the rise and strength of Han culture has always affected the foundation of today's Central Plains culture, the formation and influence of this culture has its special era background and historical reasons.
After Han Gaozu established the Han Empire, in terms of cultural promotion and management standards, he continued many of the management systems of Qin Shi Huang's car on the same track and the same text, and in the manufacturing process of jade, Qin ruled for a short time, and the country had just stabilized from the seven kingdoms of hegemony, and in the field of artistic creation and innovation, there would not be too many characteristic artifacts, which could be explained and understood.
From this point of view, the early jade craftsmen of the Qin and Han dynasties should basically belong to the high-end technical talents of various countries in the Warring States period, and their skills and skillful processing methods basically continue the craft characteristics of the Warring States period.
Second, the debate over jade processing methods is worthless
Therefore, we actually seriously think about it, whether it is the jade excavated from the tomb of the King of Nanyue, or the jade found in the tomb of the Marquis of Haixia, many of them have very obvious imprints of the Spring and Autumn Warring States period, and the jade button in the mouth of the Marquis of Haixia is the most convincing, (introduced in the previous article) If it is to be understood from this perspective, in the "Chinese Jade Atlas" that we can currently consult and serve as the basis for the generation, I personally think that the labeling of many Han Dynasty jades is inaccurate, or in a sense, It should be a jade artifact left over from the Spring and Autumn Warring States period.
Because the ancients made jade itself is a very cumbersome and long "project", the use of the word "engineering" is to show that the time cost of making jade is huge, and it is definitely not a processing time that we modern people can understand.
In 1976, Beijing once filmed a documentary, the whole process of recording the Beijing Jade Factory craftsmen using traditional jade-making methods to decipher jade, stereotyping, digging, fine carving, grinding, polishing and other cumbersome processes, the huge piece of jade stone finally carved out a delicate dragon incense burner process, the overall processing time of nearly a year, this is still in the hands of very mature craftsmen, in order to show their superb craftsmanship and truly record the traditional jade craftsmanship process.
Through this video we also truly see the ancients interpret the "stone of his mountain, you can attack jade" theoretical provenance, jade hard can not be carved, those mythical jade like mud so-called "Kunwu knife" should be more of an ancient carving tool rather than a jade-making tool, this is a basic knowledge point, all jade is through the jade harder than the jade quartz sand, the use of the method of grinding and grinding processing, is not "carved" out.
The "carving" means of modern technology is actually completed by abrasives, but the powertrain and source are replaced; otherwise, according to the wisdom of modern people, if you find a knife that can be directly carved and formed on jade, you should also declare a world invention patent.
Third, the background and historical reasons for the emergence of the Han Dynasty Yubi
Yubi has always appeared in our early introduction, the traditional sense of "Bi", that is, according to the theory of cosmic black holes, both inside and outside are round, there are holes in the type of instrument, the early discovery of Yubi is at most in the Liangzhu culture site, mainly to show wealth or represent its special identity.
Later, Longshan culture and Qi family culture also appeared in large quantities, Sanxingdui cultural sites even appeared in a collared jade bi, also known as "protruding lip jade bi", but in the site of the Hongshan culture, the discovery of jade bi is extremely rare, and the early civilization form of the jade bi, almost all in the form of su bi, after the Shang Zhou, began to process patterns on the jade bi, in addition to our common dragon and phoenix shape, cloud patterns and various ornaments also began to alternate.
Out of the hollow jade wall, the first time to see the Warring States, prevailing in the two Han.
The emergence of this kind of jade bi has its own unique cultural background, and the appearance of this type of instrument and ornament is what we call "showmanship", which is also a spiritual pursuit of extreme luxury, which is based on strong material wealth.
Based on this consideration, we will also understand the elaborate ornamental design of the Qianlong period, which is complex in craftsmanship, which is neither very practical nor in line with the simple and elegant aesthetic feelings of Han culture.
And hollowing on the jade bi out of the silhouette, itself is a luxury, and then adding the hollowed out ornament of the Jiyu wall, must be a psychological hint of peiyu and showing that they have a strong wealth strength, why this type of instrument can not appear until the Eastern Han Dynasty, on the one hand, is the embodiment of the strong accumulation of social wealth in the Han Dynasty, on the other hand, it is also the embodiment of the ancient concept of the unity of heaven and man.
Fourth, the basic characteristics of the Han Dynasty's carved jade bi
In the past, we found that people in the Han Dynasty period liked to see their long-awaited wishes, such as "Yi Descendants", "Longevity", "Changle", "Yishou" and other inscriptions commonly found on Han Dynasty bronze or pottery, and even on copper mirrors, there were often words with inscriptions of "Yi descendants" or "Changyi descendants" to indicate auspiciousness.
However, the hollow script Jiyubi carved on the jade bi is very rare, on the one hand, jade belonged to the royal exclusive supply material in the Han Dynasty, and ordinary local tycoons and gentry did not dare to trespass; on the other hand, the difficulty of making jade was far greater than that of other utensils, and the number of such artifacts unearthed in China was also well documented.
According to this reason, not long ago, the price of more than 20 million yuan of the scraps auctioned in Hong Kong was worth the money.
This jade bi was excavated from the Guangling National Tomb in the south of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the hollow double-sided sculpture throughout the body is its unique feature, coupled with the S-shaped curved structure, so that the dynamics of the double ant are exposed to show its flexible natural beauty.
Unique and ingenious design, vivid and beautiful shape, rich and delicate ornamentation, incomparably fine workmanship, has a strong atmosphere and characteristics of the times.
Fifth, out of the outline of the carving "Yi descendants" jade bi appreciation points
The jade bi of the "Yi Descendants" seen in the picture is a flat and round body, which is carved by a pair of cockroaches, a phoenix bird and the three-character "Yi Descendants" on both sides.
The overall structure is symmetrical and rigorous, and the pattern design layout is reasonable.
The upper end of the outline part, with a through-carving technique to look back at the phoenix with a horizontal body on the word "Yi", the crown, tail and out of the silhouette are connected, the body shape is curved, and the posture is beautiful.
Between the left and right sides of the inner and outer contours of the fleshy part, a pair of male and female tigers are carved through, with a curved body, a long tail curled up, and an S-shaped head and tail, which is like an upward climb.
The two stings are carved with the words "son" and "grandson" between the heads and tails, and the three characters of "Yisun descendants" are on the same central axis, and are engraved in standard seal books.
In the center of the stroke between the squares, a thin yin line is outlined to make the font appear more beautiful and has a decorative effect.
The jade bi is exquisitely carved and delicate, mainly using a combination of hollow carving, fine yin line carving and bas-relief carving.
Double ant shape, lively and healthy, fine viewing, smooth and exquisite and indescribable.
From this Bi, it can be seen that the basic characteristics of the Eastern Han Dynasty Ji dialect are that the inner and outer edges of the Jade Bi are obviously floating and thick string-like. The outline is clearly demarcated from the wall, and the edges are spaced by convex strings.
The detailed features are expressed by fine yin carved lines, and the outlining part is dense and thick, consisting of mites, hammers, phoenixes, clouds, etc., embedded with auspicious words.
The text is a standard seal book, which is vigorous and smooth, and there are fine yin lines on the strokes.
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