(Continued from the previous issue)
Then the text of the last issue we will introduce in detail other types of items in the Hongshan culture, originally did not want to write more text, learn the practice of the public account, keep sending pictures on it, and then think that it is still a combination of pictures and texts with a more practical perception, and will also have direct inspiration for collectors, the pictures used in this article come from the types of collections of domestic museums, you can see the difference in the state of the jade shells unearthed in different periods and different locations, if you are subscribed to my "Jade Knowledge Lecture", the video content and graphics are combined , may have a deeper impression.
1. Other animal-shaped jade artifacts unearthed in the Hongshan culture
Other animal jade carvings in the Hongshan culture include jade turtles with turtle shells carved on the back and turtles with light elements on the back.
Some of the tortoiseshell ornaments on the back were excavated at the temple site and should have been used in divination;
Some are excavated in pairs in the hands of the tomb owner, representing wealth, and the visible functions are different, not to be confused.
The animal-type jade of the Hongshan culture also includes jade cicadas and jade fish.
All Chauvin animal jade has a bull nose perforation or through hole, which can be sewn on clothing.
These jades are all in vitro, the production method is limited by the process conditions, the workmanship is concise, and the overall shape is simple and conveys the spirit, becoming an irreplaceable divine product.
The method of pondering generally focuses on the polishing of large areas, only in the eyes and mouth of animals with lines to make fine carving, the shape of the instrument is mostly flat, whether it is single-sided or double-sided carving has a thickness change.
A red mountain jade turtle that opened the door ten years ago privately traded at a price of more than 100,000 yuan, so those jade turtles purchased on the ground stall for a few hundred yuan, do not take it to tell the story, this "leak" is not nothing, the key is to see who will "pick up", if you rush to believe, it will be picked up by others as "leaks".
Second, the horseshoe-shaped vessel excavated in the Hongshan culture
Horseshoe-shaped ware in the Hongshan culture jade is widely circulated, and quite representative, video lectures we have also introduced, although this jade is also known as jade hoop shape, jade barrel shape, jade bundle hair, jade crown, etc., but this is our modern people according to its retained physical shape from the name, the specific function to be examined.
The overall shape of the horseshoe-shaped jade is oval, hollow, barrel-shaped, thin-walled, bottomless, slightly thicker at one end than the other, with a thick port grinding in a slope shape, and two small holes often visible at the bottom of the wall at the other end.
The horseshoe-shaped vessel is smoother, and there are straight or curved abrasions on the inner wall, which can be seen as the work of the wire drawing worker, and it can also be inferred that the large time and day cost required to make such jade can also be speculated.
It is difficult to speculate about the function of the horseshoe device, some think it is used to tie hair, some think it is used as an arm ornament, etc., because it has been introduced in the video, this discussion is not within the scope of text discussion.
Third, the double and multi-linked jade pieces unearthed in the Hongshan culture
The common one in Hongshan culture is the double jade piece, because it is shaped like an Arabic numeral "8", which is very popular in the market for a while, and the double and multi-link jade pieces are artifacts composed of two or more single-hole jade pieces, with multiple small rings connecting the jade pieces, or arranged vertically, or horizontally.
Among them, the multi-linked jade pieces arranged vertically, the jade pieces at the lower end are larger, and the jade pieces at the upper end are smaller, like a large "8" character.
The shape of this type of jade piece is mostly flat, there are more folk stocks, the materials are different, the edges of the surface of the utensils are sloped, and the opening sheets are thinner.
Each piece of the double jade is made of a whole piece of jade, slightly divided at the segment of each ring, and the division is concave from both sides to the inside by oblique grinding, the notch is wedge-shaped, the hole is drilled by two sides, and the drill hole is larger, one of which is drilled deeper and is trumpet-shaped.
And this kind of utensils have a characteristic is relatively thin, I have touched some fragments, the feel is extremely delicate, not the modern polish can come out of the feel, the need for physical experience.
Each couplet is approximately round, and the edges tend to appear shorter straight lines, which is more characteristic among Hongshan jades.
Fourth, the jade hook cloud shaped pendant in the Red Mountain culture
The jade cloud-shaped pendant is one of the important instruments in the Hongshan culture jade, and it is also the most attractive one;
The shape of the vessel is flattened rectangular, and there are also three-dimensional or puddles, and the specific function is unknown.
The hook cloud is a curved hook hollowed out in the center of the appliance, and the four corners are symmetrically curled outward, and a shallow groove consistent with the contour of the instrument is figured out on the front or both sides.
Jade is also diverse, should also be with the different generations and gradually developed, especially the production of jade is more difficult, according to our modern understanding, in such a thin jade to produce such a complex ornament, its function must have a special meaning.
Since its discovery, this object has attracted much attention from the academic community, and there has been a lot of discussion around it, and the speculation about its modeling creation concept can be roughly summarized as deriving from animals (including dragons, phoenixes, eagles, birds, antlers and pig fangs, gluttony, etc.) or several views such as clouds, qi, roses, and spiral gods.
Fifth, the jade bi in the Red Mountain culture
In terms of shape, the number and type of jade bi of Hongshan culture have different advantages, which can be divided from the following three angles, and such information can be obtained:
The first is divided according to shape: there are three types: round, approximately square and toothed.
Among them, the circle is more standardized, while the square has a similar difference between square and rectangle, and there is a similar shape to the later "YuXuanjie", and some monographs attribute it to "Tooth Bi".
The second is according to the decoration: the jade bi seen is basically all light and grainless plain bi.
The jade bi of the Liangzhu culture has very few ornaments, and at present, there is no such precedent in the Hongshan culture jade bi.
The third is divided according to the diameter of the hole: there are two kinds of large holes and small holes, the large hole jade bi is similar to the jade ring, and the small hole jade bi is the same as the general concept of the jade bi.
Sixth, the jade god and witch shape in the Red Mountain culture
There is a special theme in the Hongshan culture, although there are fewer real excavated objects, but there are collections in the Palace Museum and foreign museums, and similar themes were auctioned at the Beijing Hanhai Auction in 1996;
With the discovery of archaeological excavations in the female temples, altars and jishijia clusters in the Niuheliang area, and the excavation of a large number of idols, jades and special-shaped pottery, the academic community has made bold speculations about the religious activities of the Hongshan cultural era, believing that this is an era of god-based, and whenever a disaster is encountered and man's own strength cannot be solved, he prays for the blessing of the gods. Witches and witches are special classes in the tribe that are in charge of sacrifices and communicate between people and gods, and are often the top leaders of the tribe at the same time.
In the ancient books, there is a description of the status of witches, gods, and their theocracy, and it is recorded in the history book "Chinese," one of the oldest national calendars on the mainland: "The ancient people and the gods are not mixed, the spirit of the people is not to carry the two, but they can be solemn and righteous, their intelligence is superior to righteousness, their holy energy is far away, its light can illuminate it, its intelligence can hear it thoroughly, if it is, the ming god descends, in the male day, in the female day witch." It is to make the place where the gods are subdued, and to serve them. ”
This ancient text is about the situation in the ancient times, which is likely to be consistent with the Hongshan era, and the text is to the effect that wu and wu are messengers of man and god, tribal leaders, and the quality of these people is higher than that of ordinary people, requiring saints, wisdom, wisdom, and ming. Only such a person can invite the "gods" to the human world.
Mr. Yang Boda has a clear view in his discussion of prehistoric jade, most of the prehistoric jade is "the jade artifact of the witch god". 'Wu is the designer, jade bearer, and possessor of jade artifacts, which are used to flatter, worship, worship, and enjoy gods, and to convey divine wills and ward off evil and blessings. ”
Many of the Jade People of Hongshan Culture that people see are portrayals of witch sacrifices.