On the campus of Northeast Dianli University, there is a very strange building --- stone building.
This stone building is all made of large granite materials, solemn and solemn, the top of the building and the daughter wall part, equipped with stone masonry arch pattern, the upper part of the doorpost according to the Chinese architectural style installed stone carving mantis kiss, looks very mysterious.
So, who built this stone building?
Liang Sicheng
The designer is Liang Sicheng, one of China's most famous architects.
Liang Sicheng's father was Liang Qichao, a reformer in the late Qing Dynasty, who went abroad to escape persecution by the Qing government, so Liang Sicheng was born in Tokyo, Japan. In 1912, after the Xinhai Revolution, Liang Sicheng returned from Japan with his parents and studied at The Chongde Primary School and Huiwen Middle School (1912-1914) in Beijing. In 1915, he entered peking Tsinghua School (the predecessor of Tsinghua University), and graduated from tsinghua school in 1923. In 1924, he and Lin Huiyin went to the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia to study architecture, and in 1927, he received bachelor's and master's degrees, and went to Harvard University to study the history of architecture and study ancient Chinese architecture.
Liang Sicheng is highly regarded by society, saying that he is an architectural historian, architectural educator and architect, and is known as the father of modern Chinese architecture.
So, why did Liang Sicheng design a stone building in Jilin City?
The stone building was built in 1929 and completed in 1931.
At that time, Liang Sicheng was living in the northeast.
In 1928, Liang Sicheng heard that his father was seriously ill and was conducting an architectural expedition in Europe, and he and his wife Lin Huiyin returned to China from Siberia by train. Picking up the station in Shenyang was Liang Sicheng's Tsinghua alumnus, who was the dean of northeastern university's school of engineering, so he invited Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin to northeastern university to establish an architecture department. Liang agreed to the invitation of his old classmate and stayed in Shenyang. Liang Sicheng is the head of the Department of Architecture, and Lin is a professor of architecture, teaching fine arts and western architectural history. At that time, in addition to teaching classes, Liang and Lin also designed houses for some rich families, which was very famous.
In 1929, a local magnate in the northeast found Liang Sicheng.
Zhang Zuoxiang
This man was Zhang Zuoxiang, Zhang Zuolin's brother-in-law, who ruled Jilin Province.
At that time, there was only one newly created "Northeastern University" in Shenyang. Fresh high school graduates in Jilin can only go to "Dongda" if they want to go to school, but due to the limited number of places and other reasons, most of the children with well-off families are far away from Beijing, Tianjin and other places in Guannei to study. Therefore, people of insight in the localities petitioned the Jilin provincial authorities, Zhang Zuoxiang, then deputy commander of the Northeast Border Defense Army, and chairman of the provincial government, to establish a university of Jilin Province's own.
Zhang Zuoxiang was also a man of insight who decided to establish Jilin Provincial University, which was located at No. 169 Changchun Road, Chuanying District, Jilin City. Since he founded the university, Zhang Zuoxiang thought that he must make the university very famous, so he found Liang Sicheng, who was teaching in Shenyang at the time, to help design the school.
To be valued by the powerful people in the northeast, Liang Sicheng is of course very willing, so he served as the overall designer of the school. Under the meticulous design of Liang Sicheng, this stone city stands out.
Stone City
The design team designed a total of 28 buildings, including three stone offices, teaching buildings and a student dormitory, as well as laboratories, car garages, mailrooms, service groups, and 20 family dormitories.
When Liang Sicheng designed the stone building, he broke the general convention of this type of architectural design, that is, the main building is symmetrical, the east and west buildings are symmetrical, and the solemn and harmonious practice is achieved, and the three stone buildings are designed according to the meaning of the sea, land and air forces, the characteristics of pictographic aircraft, warships and fortresses, and the combination of Chinese architecture and Western architecture is adopted, so that all buildings have achieved special colors.
In addition to the east and west sides of the first floor, there is also a door on the north and south sides of the building, symbolizing the passage to the front and back decks of the warship, and in the northeast corner of the building stands a 36-meter-high smoke pipe, symbolizing the smoke pipe of the warship, and except at both ends of the corridor on the second and third floors (that is, the upper part of the south and north gates of the first floor) In order to take care of the lighting of the corridor, there are smaller lighting windows, and the rest of the north and south gables are all closed and no longer open windows. The west stone building only opens the door on the east and west sides, and there is no door on the north and south sides, and large lighting windows are set up on the north and south gables according to the unified standard of the whole building, and at the same time, the north and south ends of the corridor on the first, second and third floors are also opened according to the same standard, symbolizing the fortress. The design of the middle main building makes the entrance hall part protrude forward, symbolizing the head of the aircraft, the office rooms on both sides symbolize the wings, the middle auditorium and the library extend vertically backwards, imitating the fuselage, and in the tail part of the aircraft, Liang Sicheng only draws an outline on the drawings, and notes that the expansion part of the library library is left for later construction.
This building is very distinctive, but after the September 18 Incident, the Japanese invaded the northeast, the university was closed, and the Jilin Provincial University became history.
interior
In May 1955, after the founding of New China, Changchun Electric Machinery Senior Vocational School moved to Jilin City and came to Shilou Office. Since then, the school has changed its name several times and become today's Northeast Electric Power Institute, and the stone building has become part of the school.
During the Cultural Revolution, the stone building also underwent the "baptism of battle".
The rebels thought that the snouts on the upper floor were suspected of counter-revolution, so they painted it with cement, and the water-spraying fish pond was demolished, and a statue of Chairman Mao was built. The academy became a stronghold of martial arts, and there were two factions of Red Guards, one was 813 and the other was Jinggangshan, where martial arts were fought. Jinggangshan Red Guards shelled the stone building at Beishan Mountain.
Today, the northeast corner of the main building can still see the traces of shelling, and the small white dots in many places are the result of the shelling at that time. However, the stone building is indeed very strong, but the maintenance iron ladder on the east side of the stone building smoke pipe was destroyed by the shell, and a section rolled up and hung high in the air. Now the pipe is useless, but in order to keep the building intact, the academy has not been demolished.
During that period, the college's comrades in charge of maintenance work went to Beijing to consult the original designer, Liang Sicheng, vice minister of the construction engineering department who was locked up in the "cowshed" at the time, because of the damage to the waterproof layer of three stone buildings and the serious leakage of water on the first floor.
Although he said that he could not help because of the strange situation because of the age, he still said with great emotion that he had touched the drawings with his own signature brought by the academy, and he still said with great emotion that among the many architectural designs in which he had participated, he still had a preference for this initial work with youthful arrogance and childishness, but unfortunately, the drawings that had been kept in the academy's archives were no longer there. 【Author:Daily Kanji】