[Is Yang Guifei really red-faced and a cursed water?] At least half of them were wronged, the real noble concubine was the artist] Yang Guifei (719-756), known as Yuhuan, also known as Taizhen, was the favorite concubine of Emperor Xuanzong of TangGu, a historical figure known to women and children. For many years, people's evaluations of her have been very inconsistent, both derogatory and sympathetic, and the derogatory seems to be more mainstream.
The New Book of Tang and the Jizan of Xuanzong have a very representative traditional view of Yang Guifei. It says, "Whoops, the woe of a woman is terrible for others!" After Emperor Gaozong suffered another female calamity for decades, Tang Zuo (the regime) never resumed. Emperor Zhongzong was spared (killed), and Wei Shi (Empress Zhongzong) was exterminated. Emperor Xuanzong personally quelled the chaos, which could be judged, but defeated by the woman. The Anshi Rebellion caused the Tang Dynasty to decline from strong to weak, and the historian clearly pointed out that a "woman" (Yang Guifei) should be responsible. There are also many ancient and even modern scholars who have similar views. Late Tang Dynasty poet Li Shangwen's poem "Ma Song":
"Ji Ma Yan came sharply, burying himself red pink into ash." If the king can overthrow the country, why should the jade pass over the horse ridge? ”
To say that ma song's change, red pink into gray, is to blame himself: if Xuanzong knew the truth that female color (Yang Guifei) could overthrow the country, it would not cause Ma Wei's difficulties. The Ming Dynasty has a poem that says: "Lishan raises fire because of praise, and Shu Dao is dusty for the truth", and even more pointed out that Yang Guifei is a scourge that confuses people and harms the homeland. The late famous historian Fan Wenlan's "Compendium of the General History of China" recounts the incident of the Ma Song Mutiny, saying that he killed Yang Guozhong and Yang Guifei and uprooted "two evil roots, even if it is to appease the public anger" and also accused Yang Guifei of being a "bane", and the people's anger was great.
In fact, the central idea of these statements is the "theory of the subjugation of the country by female sex", which is a cliché that has been passed down through the ages.
Lu Xun once pointed out in the article "Women Don't Necessarily Lie Much": "Regarding Concubine Yang, the literati after the An Lushan Rebellion all lied big, and Xuanzong was at large, but it is said that many bad things are done by women for themselves and men, which is really too long-term."
Lu Xun's view is very correct. In modern times, there are also some poets and lyricists who sympathize with Yang Guifei's unfortunate experience and believe that the occurrence of the Anshi Rebellion is not yang Guifei's fault. For example, one of the four poems of the Qing Dynasty poet Yuan Ming's "Re-titled Ma Songyi" is cloudy: "Don't need to complain about the autumn sound of the bell song, why should the Immortal Mountain go up the sea?" As long as Yao Chong's appearance is still there, the princess and princess will live forever. The poet believes that the anshi rebellion, the change of Ma Song, was caused by the appointment of the chancellor inhuman, political corruption, and coma: if Xuanzong could appoint a sage like Yao Chong as the chancellor, the change of Ma Song would not have happened. Although the above fair argument is from a small number of people, it is very useful in dispelling the fog of the "theory of the subjugation of the country by female sex".
Many historical legends believe that because the yang guifei and Yang Guozhong families were arrogant and absurd, and the country was harmed and the people were harmed, they provoked the Ma Song mutiny. Is this the case?
The drama of Ma Song's Change, directed and personally directed by Chen Xuanli, the commander of the Forbidden Army, is a premeditated, planned, and backstage zheng change for state power. He was followed by The Crown Prince Li Heng.
Books such as the Old Yongshu and the Tang Dynasty Yao Runeng's Deeds of An Lushan believe that the Ma Ghost Yi incident was spontaneous and caused by "soldiers are not allowed to eat" and "hunger and anger". The Zizhi Tongjian also says that "to Ma Weiyi, the generals are tired and angry," so "the sergeant surrounds the station, the "Xuanzong" orders the team to be closed, and the sergeant should not be "cloudy." Such an account is unconvincing. The reasons are: First, this incident has a political purpose, that is, to eliminate the Yang family brothers and sisters and eliminate the Yang family forces. It must be known that killing the Yang brothers and sisters will not relieve hunger and fatigue; and after killing, the soldiers immediately obey the command and continue to advance, which is obviously not because of hunger and fatigue. Second, the journey from Chang'an to Ma Songyi is only more than a hundred miles; the time required is only one day, even if there is no food, the situation is not very serious, so why launch a mutiny that cannot relieve hunger and fatigue. Third, the evacuation of Chang'an by Emperor Xuanzong and others was not carried out in a very hasty situation. According to the Zizhi Tongjian, in the morning, afternoon, and evening of the first day, Emperor Xuanzong "ordered the great general Chen Xuanli of the Dragon Martial Army to reorganize the six armies, give him a generous amount of money, and select more than 900 horses from idle stables.". When fleeing, they did not even know to bring money and grain (money could also be bought and exchanged for grain) ? Fourth, there were only more than 3,000 forbidden troops who were subordinate at that time, and there was no way to solve the grain in this small contingent within three or two days? Therefore, the argument that hunger and fatigue provoked a mutiny is difficult to establish.
It was Chen Xuanli who was determined to eliminate Yang Guozhong and put him into action, which is already very clear in the Old Book of Tang and The Chronicle of Xuanzong: "The second horse song, the Zhuwei Dun army did not advance, and the Longwu general Chen Xuanli played: 'Reverse Hu (An Lushan) refers to Que, in the name of Xue Guozhong, but the chinese and foreign groups are all sympathetic. Now that the country is in a difficult state and is shaken by public opinion, His Majesty should be sympathetic to the masses, for the sake of the society's great plan, the loyal disciples of the country can be put to the law (killed). The "Deeds of An Lushan" also says: "Chen Xuanli, the Marquis of Duyu, led more than thirty generals to lead the battle (with weapons): 'The father and son of guozhong are cursed, and the taizhen (noble concubines) are not suitable for offerings" This is simply forced by force. The deeds of Chen Xuanli attached to the Old Book of Tang and the Biography of Wang Maozhong further state that Chen Xuanli accused Yang Guozhong, but without success, he was actually beheaded by Ma Song. "Fleeing to Ma Song, Xuanzong relied on Chen Xuanli for protection, this is a rare good opportunity, naturally to attack."
Chen Xuanli was just a military general who commanded the Forbidden Army, and he also knew that killing Yang Guozhong would not be able to replace his position as Right Prime Minister, and he would also have to take great risks, so why did he have such great courage and courage? This was because he had already had a close collusion with the eunuch Colliers and had defected to Colliers, who had effectively taken control of the Forbidden Army. Chen Xuanli's killing of Yang Guozhong, in addition to the strong support of Gao Lishi, also obtained the prior consent of the crown prince Li Heng (later Emperor Suzong of Tang). This is also very clearly stated in the "Old Book of Tang and the Biography of Yang Guifei": "When Tongguan was lost, from luck to Ma Song, the forbidden army general Chen Xuanli secretly qi prince, and The father and son of Guozhong were loyal."
Some people say that the reason why An Lushan was greatly favored, and as the emissary of the three towns, he held the largest military strength, and finally launched a rebellion, mainly because he received Yang Guifei's offer and protection. This is also a discrepancy with the facts. An Lushan's access to such power was decided by Emperor Xuanzong himself. Emperor Xuanzong believed the rumors of the traitorous minister Li Linfu and did not have much trust in the Han generals, but thought that it was more reliable to use Hu people as the generals of the border towns.
Because the Hu people have no knowledge and culture, no henchmen and tribes, and they are entrusted with heavy responsibilities, they will only be grateful for the map, and will not rebel
。 An Lushan was a Hu person, and coupled with his cunning and kindness, he bribed Xuanzong's cronies with heavy bribes, which was very pleasing to Xuanzong and Yang Guifei, so he was not promoted and favored. The Anshi Rebellion was caused by Emperor Xuanzong's indulgence in sound and color in his later years, his laziness in managing the government, his monopoly on favoring traitors, and causing chaos in the court, which eventually led to the decline of the Tang Dynasty's ruling power and the expansion of the military and political strength in individual places; it is not objective to blame Yang Guifei for this scourge.
Yang Guifei has some specialties. The Old Book of Tang and the Biography of Yang Guifei says: "Tai Zhen is rich in posture, good at singing and dancing, and has a rhythm of sound." According to the "Biography of Yang Taizhen" and other barnyard histories, Yang Guifei was good at playing the pipa, "the kings, the lords of the county, and the sisters of the concubines were all concubines (with concubines as their teachers) and were disciples of the pipa." He also said: "Concubines are good at striking chimes (musical instruments made of stone or jade or metal), and many new sounds, although the tricks (artists) of Taichang Pear Garden (the official office set up by the imperial court to supervise music and dance) cannot be reached." "Yang Guifei is also good at playing the jade flute." Her best dances are "Neon Dress Feather Dance" and "Hu Xuan Dance". She was very conceited about her dance skills, and once praised Xuanzong that her "Neon Dress Feather Dance" could overwhelm all the dances of ancient times.
Both the Quan Tang Poems and the Five Tang Dynasties contain a cloud of words from the Ana Qu written by Yang Guifei: "Luo sleeves are fragrant and fragrant, and the red ferns are in the autumn smoke." The wind on the light cloud ridge is shaking, and the tender willow pond is first blowing water. This is a gift to her handmaiden Zhang Yunrong, praising this maid's light and beautiful style and dance. It is written lightly and beautifully, the image is vivid, and it is quite insightful.
In this way, is Yang Guifei completely without fault? That's not always the case. She was a court lady who was "three thousand favors in one", lived a corrupt life of extreme arrogance and absurdity, and had an ambiguous relationship with An Lushan. This relationship has been recorded in barnyard histories such as "Yang Taizhen's Outer Biography", "An Lushan Deeds", and "Kaiyuan Tianbao Relics".
It can be seen that Yang Guifei is a court lady who is intelligent and talented but has made mistakes in her life style, and is also an accomplished singer, dancer, musician, and lyricist. In today's language, she is an intermediary: she should not be seen as a "curse of water", or a negative person.
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