Author: Zhao Xinfang
Last year, the author published a clumsy article about Yang Guifei's death and the loss of Ma Songyi in "Writing Hu", expressing doubts about the "Records of Emperor Xuanzong" that only the leader of the Ma Song Mutiny had no mastermind, believing that Tang Suzong Li Heng was the mastermind who killed his mother Yang Guifei. With further examination of historical materials, it was found that many historical sources had different accounts of whether Yang Guifei died in Ma Songyi. Here, it is necessary to talk to the reader about this.
(1) The background of the Occurrence of the Ma Song Incident
To tell the truth, Li Longji, the Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, who was in charge at the beginning of the dynasty, was capable and brought the entire Tang Dynasty into the historically known Kaiyuan prosperous era. However, after entering middle age, Li Longji became proud of his achievements, misused adulterous courtiers, coveted women, lived a luxurious life, deteriorated in the government and government, and social turmoil, which eventually triggered the "Anshi Rebellion."
When the royal fleeing army came to Ma Song, because the local officials had fled and cut off the food supply, the forbidden army was already dissatisfied with Yang Guozhong and Yang Guifei, and they were hungry again, which caused a mutiny. At that time, Li Longji was already in his seventies, old and faint and frightened, unable to deal with the incident, only to resign himself to it, but to be able to retreat completely.
In the Tang Dynasty, the fratricidal incidents occurred many times, and the old and the young all had more eyes for each other, and Li Longji was not completely at ease with the crown prince Li Heng, and when the royal refugee army arrived in Hanzhong, he ordered the princes to lead the world's emissaries separately, the purpose was to disperse the power of the prince, and the first to bear the brunt of it was definitely the military power. This caused the dissatisfaction of Li Heng, who was extremely deep in the city government, and the author estimated that it was his quiet bribery of the general of the Forbidden Army, Chen Xuanli, who mutinied.
(2) Is Yang Guifei dead in the end?
After the mutiny, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang had to issue an edict that "the fortune warriors should give the noble concubines to hang themselves."
According to the Old Book of Tang. According to Yang Guifei, the forbidden army general Chen Xuanli and others who killed Yang Guozhong's father and son were not discouraged, believing that "the thief was still there", and asked Tang Xuanzong to kill Yang Guifei again to avoid any trouble. Tang Xuanzong, who had no choice but to tearfully bid farewell to Yang Guifei, and then Yang Guifei "died in the Buddhist chamber".
The "Supplement to the History of the Tang Dynasty" records that Gao Lishi killed Yang Guifei under the pear tree in the Buddhist hall.
Chen Hong's "Long Hate Song Biography" records that Tang Xuanzong knew that in the case of a mutiny by soldiers, Yang Guifei would not be able to escape death, but he could not bear to see her die, so he let people lead her away from him, and then "actually died under the ruler group." ”
But there is another theory of Yang Guifei's death, which is mainly scattered in some Tang poems. The most famous is Du Fu's "The Head of the Mourning River". The poem was written in the second year of Zhide (757 AD), when An Lushan was still occupying Chang'an. The poem reads: "Where is the bright eyes and haoling age now, and the blood-stained wandering soul cannot return." It is implied that Yang Guifei was not hanged to death in Ma Songyi, because hanging would not see blood. There are also several theories such as saying that she died by swallowing gold, which will not be listed here.
Unexpectedly, a year later (another said two years later), Tang Xuanzong sent eunuchs to rebury Yang Guifei, and as a result, the people who went there reported that there was no body in the tomb, only a sachet carried before he died. At this point, the rumor that Yang Guifei was not dead spread everywhere. This rumor has been circulating for more than a thousand years and is still a mystery today. People speculated that Yang Guifei did not hang herself, but was killed by her maid, but she herself absconded to another place in disguise and survived.
Where did you flee? There are many speculations, mainly two places:
First: At that time, Yang Guifei was escorted south by Chen Xuanli's cronies, and sailed out to sea in the area of present-day Shanghai to reach Kuzu in Hisaya Town, Japan, where she died.
According to the "Hometown of Yang Guifei" in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, there is a tomb of Yang Guifei, and in the 1960s, a Japanese girl showed her family tree to a television audience, saying that she was a descendant of Yang Guifei. At the beginning of the new century, many famous Japanese movie stars who are familiar to Chinese, Yamaguchi Momoe, went so far as to openly claim that she was a descendant of Yang Guifei.
This is not the Japanese making themselves sentimental! As early as the 1920s, mr. Yu Pingbo, a famous Chinese red scholar, pointed out in articles such as "Long Hate Song" and "Long Hate Song Biography" that Yang Guifei may not have died in Ma Songpo, but went to Japan to settle down.
Second: Taipeng Mountain in Sichuan Province, with its unique landform and steep mountainous terrain, was already one of the sacred sites of Taoism as early as the early Jin Dynasty, and was flourishing after the Sui and Tang dynasties.
Legend has it that the peaks of Taipeng Mountain became lotus-shaped, so later generations took the lotus flower and called it "Taipeng Mountain", and the fairy mist on Taipeng Mountain was known as "Penglai Immortal Trace". Among the locals, there is a legend that has been passed down for generations, after the Ma Song Incident, Yang Guifei dressed up in disguise, crossed the Qinling Mountains and crossed the Bazhong, walked through many counties and counties, and finally came to Taipeng Mountain for refuge, and was sympathized and protected by the Taoists.
Yang Guifei believed in Taoism, the name of the Law was too true, and had a close relationship with Taoism in her early years. Besides, Taipeng Mountain is located on the way to deliver lychees to Yang Guifei, and she is familiar with and yearning for this mountain. Someone once saw a tomb with a simple structure that has grown moss at the bottom of this mountain, and the tombstone is only engraved with the words "Tomb of the Yang Family", according to the villagers, this tomb was quietly buried here after Yang Guifei died. The tomb has a peculiar connection to the twin nipple peaks opposite, and together they are called "fairy graves" by the villagers.
After Yang Guifei's death, the village under the mountain was called "Yang Family Village", and no yang family lived here before.
(3) Why do you say that Yang Guifei is not dead?
Bai Juyi's "Long Hate Song" is the most famous masterpiece in history that describes the love between Yang Guifei and Tang Xuanzong. Please analyze the verses in it: "In the dirt under the slope of Ma Song, there is no jade face empty death place", "The poor and the blue fall on the yellow spring, and the two are not seen in the middle of the two places", "I overheard that there are immortal mountains on the sea, and the mountains are in the void", "One of the fairy is about a fairy, and one of the characters is too true"... The poem says that Ma Songyi did not see Yang Guifei's body, and a Taoist priest from the Tang Xuan Sect found Yang Guifei on PenglaiXian Mountain. It was really Yang Guifei's legal name when she became a monk. The moving verses of the great white poet, Zhen Ge'er, make people full of imagination.
Where is the Penglai Immortal Mountain in the "Long Hate Song"? There are two understandings: First, in Japanese literature, Penglai Mountain is often regarded as Japan itself. However, in Chinese historical materials, there is no record of "Penglai Mountain is Japan". The second is that Penglai Mountain is a sacred mountain in the sea that is called in Chinese Taoism.
From the analysis of the sea traffic conditions at that time, It was impossible for Yang Guifei to reach Japan by a single boat carrying several people. In the unlikely event of a successful landing, the history of Japan should also be recorded. In the history of China and Japan, it is recorded that the Chinese who came to Japan by sea in that era were only a few who were able to find the truth and pick up the truth, and it took nine deaths to succeed. When Japan sent Tang envoys and overseas students to China, each time it was a fleet of hundreds of people, and its ability to resist wind and waves was much stronger.
Think differently. At the beginning of this year, in a clumsy article published on "Writing Hu", I said: The Tang Dynasty was a glorious era of ancient China, and it was also an era in which Japan was most influenced by China. In terms of the influence of literature and art, Bai Juyi is a well-deserved champion, and big names such as Li Bai and Du Fu are also dwarfed.
The Heian Dynasty in Japan from 794 to 1192 was the era of The heyday of Chinese poetry, and Bai Juyi's poetry was rapidly circulated. For example, the "Thousand Generations of Good Sentences" edited by the Ping'an Dynasty scribe Dajiang Weishi contains a total of 1110 poems, and Bai Juyi's poems have 535 poems, accounting for almost half. Fujiwara's compilation of the "Collection of Harmony Han Lang Yong" contains a total of 588 poems, and Bai Juyi's poems amount to 139. The Tale of Genji, published at the same time, cites 185 Chinese literary classics, including 106 white poems. There are 39 Chinese literary classics cited in "Pillow Grass", of which 13 are in the "Bai's Anthology"... It can be seen that Bai Juyi's poetry had a huge influence at that time!
In the history of Japanese literature, there is a special term called Tang Shi Neng (meaning for China), and there are more than a dozen scripts created based on Tang Shi Neng, including one about Yang Guifei. Bai Juyi literature, including the "Long Hate Song", was widely circulated in Japan, and Yang Guifei was already a household name in 11th-century Japan, and the claim that Yang Guifei fled to Japan was also "imported" to China at that time. In the flow of time, coupled with the grooming and dressing of the literati of past generations, the literary works full of romanticism seem to have become a history with plates and eyes. This is the author's opinion of Yang Guifei's going to Japan.
After the Anshi Rebellion, people hated Yang Guifei, but with the passage of time, people felt a little forgiveness and sadness about her death, because after all, she was not the culprit of the rebellion, and it was painful for a peerless beauty to say that she was gone. Yan Chuan could not find her body, so he had many associations, including crossing the sea to Japan, or meeting Yang Guifei on penglai Mountain in China and Taoist priests sent by Tang Xuanzong. Didn't the advent of these plots interpret the idea of Bai Juyi's "Long Hate Song"?
(4) Fill in the blanks
At that time, it was rumored that Yang Guifei's body could not be found, and the author saw that it was a ghost made by Li Heng of Tang Suzong. The reason was that he hated his dad and this little mom.
According to historical records, after Yang Guifei's death, Li Heng refused to include her in the list of harem concubines. Because of this inclusion, it was necessary to enjoy the de facto empress dowager's mourning and honor, and was given the title of empress dowager (Tang Xuanzong did not establish another empress after Yang Guifei was favored).
Li Heng, who was in charge of the government, signaled his subordinates to do so, and made a confused case, so that his father could not say it after being softly beaten.
【About the author】Zhao Xinfang, pen name Zhao Shi, is a member of the Chongqing Nan'an District Writers Association.
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