When it comes to Dali, many people are both familiar and unfamiliar: familiar is in history or in the history of the theme of novels, film and television dramas, often hear the title of "Dali", such as Mr. Jin Yong's "Tianlong Eight Parts", which has used a lot of space to introduce dali Duanshi; in the territory of yunnan province, there is an administrative division called Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, which has a long history originated in the Neolithic Era; strange is that although the word "Dali" is often heard, it is compared with the Central Plains Dynasties. It is much less well-known, or its culture and history are not well understood.
The Dali Imperial Palace in the Eight Parts of the Heavenly Dragon
Predecessor of Dali: Nanzhao
When we look at the territorial map of the Sui and Tang dynasties, we can find that a piece of land in the southwestern border area is not under the jurisdiction of the Central Plains Dynasty, which is called the Six Commandments. They existed in tribal form, and after a long period of annexation, they eventually formed six large tribal regimes:
The Edict of Mengwei, the Edict of Yue, the Edict of Lang Qiong, the Edict of Qiao Zhao, the Edict of Shi Lang, the Edict of Mengshe.
There is no clear record in history of the time of the beginning of the Six Commandments, and the general time should be in the late Sui and early Tang dynasties.
At first, the strength of the Six Commandments was equal, and they could not rely on force to obtain benefits from each other, and they got along quite well, but later, due to the deterioration of the relationship between Tang and Tubo, the situation of the Six Commandments also changed. At that time, the Tang in the east and the Tubo in the west were the two most powerful countries, and in 636 (the tenth year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan), Songzan Gampo's marriage proposal to the Tang was rejected, so he began to invade Tuguhun, and then princess Wencheng was sent to Tibet in order to calm things down. Although the war was eventually resolved peacefully, both sides became jealous of each other, and the restraint between them was never stopped.
In the situation of confrontation between the two countries at that time, the attitude of the Six Commandments of the Southwest played a great role, and whoever could control the southwest could use this place as a springboard, and when the war resumed, they could send troops from the southwest to attack each other. At that time, the Mengshe Zhao (南诏), because it was located in the southernmost part of the Six Zhao and did not border Tubo, was attached to the Tang Dynasty, and the other five edicts were attached to Tubo. In 653 (the fourth year of Emperor Gaozong's reign), Nanzhao sent envoys into Chang'an, expressed his heart to Emperor Gaozong of Tang, and vowed to follow him forever. Under such operation, Nanzhao won the full support of Datang.
"When it is, the five edicts are weak, the righteousness is strong, and the thick is to make Wang Yu the sword of the sword, and to seek to merge the six edicts into one."
The "righteousness" in the historical data refers to the Nanzhao King PiLuoge. In order to further win over Nanzhao, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang gave the name PiluoGe the title of Mengguiyi, and also granted the title of Tang Dynasty. The Nanzhao also competed for strength, and annexed the other five edicts in one fell swoop, realizing the unification of the southwest.
Tang, Tubo, Nanzhao
However, with the strength of Nanzhao, conflicts of interests arose with the Tang, which led to many rebellions against the Tang in the country, and the national name also underwent the transformation of Da Meng, Da Li, Da FengMin, Da Chang He, Da Tianxing, and Da Yining, which was essentially to negate its history of being attached to Tang and to promote the independence of its own regime.
The Duan dynasty was founded in Dali
By the time Nanzhao changed the name of the country to Dayining, the class contradictions in the country had intensified to the peak. Most of the country's land was in the hands of a small number of nobles, and those commoners and slaves could only live under the nobility, and the strict hierarchy doomed them and even their descendants to be exploited.
Duan Siping, the founding emperor of the later Dali State and then the envoy of tonghai jiedushi, took advantage of this contradiction and promised the commoners "tax cuts and half of grain" and quickly pulled up an uprising team. In 937, the rebel army besieged the capital of dayinning, and emperor Yang Ganzhen heard that the emperor had fled in a hurry, and has not been heard from since.
Duan Siping's hometown
Duan Siping was a competent monarch, he knew that the people in the country after decades of war and strife had been overwhelmed, heavy servitude and harsh government would only cause the regime to collapse prematurely, and practicing benevolent government was the most effective means, so he fulfilled the promise of the uprising, and the whole country was grateful. In addition, he also proposed that "a strong country must stop the war", repeatedly sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty and Tibet to repair relations, expressed his unwillingness to be enemies with them, and bought a valuable peaceful environment for the development of the country. When the people were stable, the political power was secured, and the newly established Dali State took root.
Dali's steady development came to an abrupt end because of Duan Siping's death. In 944, Duan Siping ended his legendary life, leaving behind a rich and powerful Dali state, succeeded by his son Duan Siying.
"Si Ying is violent, the funeral drama is unrestrained, and the system of yiwen de nian is changeable."
It is said that it is easy to fight in the country and sit in the country, and Duan Siying, as the successor, even if he does not have the courage and wisdom of Emperor Taizu, imitates the Western Han Dynasty Huidi's adherence to the way of Huang Lao, and rules without doing anything, waiting until a talented successor takes the throne, and then carrying out drastic reforms, which can also be regarded as a role of carrying forward the upper and lower levels, which is a beautiful talk. However, he is an absurd monarch, coveting pleasure and ignoring the sufferings of the people, and he still has to reform the old system to show his talents. The reform of the system often led to a great change of interests, Duan Siying did not have enough skill to suppress the contradictions between the DPRK and China caused by interests, and his uncle Duan Siliang raised strength, deposed the emperor and stood on his own, and fired the first shot in the power struggle of the Dali state.
Map of Dali
Rise of the Gauss: Seizure of power
We are talking about the first three generations of monarchs of the Duan clan in Dali, and the rise of the Gao clan began during the reign of Duan Sicong, the fourth monarch of Dali.
According to legend, the ancestors of the Gao clan of Dali were Gao Ding, a follower of Zhuge Liang during the Three Kingdoms period.
"With Zhuge Wuhou's southern expedition, he was enfeoffed with Yizhou Taishou for his merits"
At this point, Gao shi settled in the Yunnan area. By the time of duan siping's uprising, Gao Fang, a member of the Gao clan who was the defender of Shanju County, supported him vigorously, and thus obtained a hereditary title. By Duan Sicong's generation, the Gao clan had become the second largest clan in Dali, and in the next two hundred years or so, it had developed into a political family.
In 1080 AD, the powerful minister Yang Yizhen launched a coup d'état and established himself as emperor, which was a heavy blow to both the Duan and Gao clans, and the Duan clan's Jiangshan foundation and gao's hundred years of painstaking management, because this coup was about to be put into the east, which would be a crisis of national annihilation. Gao Zhisheng the Marquis of Yan and his son Gao Shengtai supported the new emperor of the Duan clan and fought back against Yang Yizhen under the banner of "conquest of national thieves". Under the popular will and the gap in strength, Yang Yizhen was destroyed, and the Dali regime actually fell into the hands of Gao's father and son.
Gao Shengtai
In 1094, Gao Shengtai forced the Baoding Emperor Duan Zhengming to write a handwritten "Edict of Sin", expounding on the various maladministrations during his reign, saying that he wanted to give way to the sage, and it was obvious that this "sage" was Gao Shengtai.
As for why he was able to seize power successfully, I think it was the struggle for imperial power that led to the decline of Duan's reputation in the country, and Gao's power took the opportunity to expand.
From the beginning of Gao Fang, the power of the Gao clan increased by leaps and bounds because it won the trust of the Dali clan, although the largest clan in the early kingdom was the Dong clan, because when Duan Siping raised an army, Dong Jialuo offered advice and advice, and promised the hereditary official of the Dong clan for the reward. However, after Duan Siping's death, his younger brother Duan Siliang coveted the throne and joined forces with Dong Jialuo to launch a coup d'état.
Although dong shi was indispensable in seizing the throne, his nature of seeing the wind and making the rudder made Duan Siliang have to guard against it. Therefore, during his reign, he suppressed the Dong clan, and after Duan Sicong succeeded to the throne, he even supported the Gao clan, who was also a founding hero, to restrain him. Unexpectedly, the power of the Gao clan developed too quickly, resulting in a situation that the royal family could not control in the end, until Yang Yizhen rebelled, and Gao Shengtai took the opportunity to monopolize the government. Because of the internal power struggle, the Duan royal family has long been disgraced by the world, and its credibility in the people has been greatly reduced, so the Gao clan did not encounter much resistance to steal the throne.
At this point, the Gao clan operated painstakingly in Dali for more than two hundred years, and finally won the coveted throne, Gao Shengtai changed the name of the country to "Great China", called the Zhengde Emperor, and the Dali Guoduan Clan's Jiangshan was cut off by him. As for why it is said that the waist is truncated, because two years after Gao Shengtai became emperor, he knew that his fate would soon be over, so he said that he was obedient to the Heavenly Dao and would return to the Duan clan after his death.
After Gao Shengtai's death, Duan Zhengchun succeeded to the throne as Emperor Wen'an, and the Two-Year Fault of the Dali Duan Clan was continued.