The three generations of emperors of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong can be said to be the three generations of emperors at the peak of the Qing Dynasty, and the three generations of grandchildren are very accomplished, and they are also the most effective three generations of emperors in the history of the Qing Dynasty, but the three most outstanding emperors in the history of the Qing Dynasty are all troubled by a mysterious person, this person is zhu Cijiong, the third son of the Chongzhen Emperor at the end of the Ming Dynasty, which can be called the nightmare of the three generations of Kang Yongqian's grandchildren.
In fact, mainly in the Kangxi period under the name of Zhu Sanzi anti-Qing and restoration of the Ming Dynasty, but in the Yongzheng period and the early Qianlong period there were still people in the name of Zhu Sanzi against the Qing and restore the Ming, "Zhu San Prince Case" is also the longest time span in the history of the Qing Dynasty, involving the widest range, but in the end it is a big mystery case, so how much strength can this Zhu Third Prince Zhu Cijiong have to influence the three generations of kang yongqian's grandsons?
After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, Chongzhen still had three surviving sons
In fact, the third prince of Zhu did not refer only to Zhu Cijiong, the third son of Chongzhen, but also to his son who was still alive after the fall of Chongzhen. In fact, chongzhen had already clarified the title of prince when he was alive, that is, The eldest son Zhu Cixi, born to Chongzhen and his original wife Empress Zhou, was made crown prince.
At the time of the fall of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Cixiu was already 16 years old, including him, Chongzhen had three sons at that time, in addition to Zhu Cixin also had a third son Zhu Cijiong and a fourth son Zhu Cijiong, Zhu Cixin and Zhu Cijiong were both sons born to Empress Zhou, Zhu Cijiong was born to Chongzhen's favorite concubine Tian Guifei.
When Li Zicheng led the rebel army to conquer Beijing, Chongzhen ordered his wife Empress Zhou and his concubine Yuan Guifei to hang themselves, and then cut their two daughters to death with a knife, but Chongzhen's second daughter, Princess Changping, was only cut off by him with one arm, not killed. Don't look at Chongzhen's fierce killing of his wife and daughter, but he was not willing to kill his son, Zhu Cixuan, Zhu Cijiong, Zhu Cixiong were all secretly sent by Chongzhen to the princes and nobles to hide, Chongzhen hoped to retain the imperial bloodline in order to make a comeback in the future.
The crown prince Zhu Cixian was sent to the palace of Zhu Chunchen, the Duke of Chengguo, and Shi Kefa, who was leading troops from Yangzhou to the King of Jingqin, learned of Chongzhen's martyrdom in the middle of the way, and Shi Kefa was so sad that he wanted to continue to Beijing to rescue the crown prince Zhu Cixian and take him to Nanjing to support him as a new monarch, so that he could continue to maintain the rule of Daming.
However, Zhu Chunchen, the Duke of Chengguo, was guarding the Chaoyang Gate at that time, and as a result, Zhu Chunchen, in a panic, offered the Chaoyang Gate and the crown prince Zhu Cicheng to surrender to Li Zicheng, so Zhu Cicheng fell into Li Zicheng's hands.
Li Zicheng conquered Beijing and occupied the Forbidden City, the imperial palace of Daming, and li Zicheng triumphantly received Zhu Cixi on the dragon chair of the Forbidden City.
Zhu Cixian has been carefully cultivated by Chongzhen as the crown prince since he was a child, so Zhu Cixian himself is very temperamental, and he is also very decent in dealing with people and things, he is not afraid after seeing Li Zicheng, in the face of the peasant rebel army let Zhu Cixian kneel, he is very tough but insists on not kneeling, Li Zicheng was very confused at that time, this child is only fifteen or sixteen years old, actually has such courage, so he is impressed by him.
Li Zicheng decided to teach Zhu Cixiu a lesson, so he asked Zhu Cixi, "Why did your old Zhu family lose the world?" ”
Zhu Cixian, on the other hand, misled the traitorous vassals and hoped that Li Zicheng would not disturb the tombs of his ancestors and bury his parents, the Chongzhen Emperor and Empress Zhou, and finally pleaded with Li Zicheng to put himself to death, but not to hurt the people of the capital.
Li Zicheng laughed after hearing this, and Li Zicheng told Zhu Cicheng that he admired Chongzhen's martyrdom and would definitely bury his parents, and that he was a peasant rebel army itself, and how could he hurt innocent people, and said that Zhu Cixian was a teenager who committed what a crime, and finally Li Zicheng made Zhu Cixi the King of Song.
Zhu Cijiong's younger brothers Zhu Cijiong and Zhu Cixiong were also found by Li Zicheng, and it turned out that after Chongzhen handed Zhu Cijiong over to Zhu Chunchen, he sent Zhu Cijiong and Zhu Cizhao to the palace of his father-in-law Jiading Bo Zhou Kui for placement.
Zhou Kui was an extremely miserly person, and later Li Zicheng kidnapped these Ming princes and nobles and ordered them to hand over their family property to cover military expenses, Zhou Kui was extremely rich, afraid of being robbed by Li Zicheng, so Zhou Kui took the initiative to hand over his grandsons Zhu Cijiong and Zhu Cizhao to Li Zicheng, hoping that he would not have to pay money. However, even so, Li Zicheng did not let Zhou Kui go, or copied all of Zhou Kui's family property, and Zhou Kui died of grief.
Therefore, Chongzhen's three sons eventually all fell into the hands of Li Zicheng, but Li Zicheng did not harm them, but gave them the title of king, but soon Wu Sangui, the chief soldier of the Ming Dynasty's Shanhaiguan, led the Qing troops into the customs, and Li Zicheng was defeated at Shanhaiguan by Wu Sangui and the Qing Dynasty's combined forces, and finally Li Zicheng was forced to abandon Beijing and flee west.
After Li Zicheng's defeat, the three brothers Zhu Cixiu, Zhu Cijiong, and Zhu Cixiong were lost in the rebellion, and later Zhu Cigui was captured by Wu Sangui's army, and the Qing Dynasty regent Dolgun was very happy to learn that Wu Sangui had found the crown prince Zhu Cixiu, and Dolgun originally wanted to use Wu Sangui as a puppet to take Zhu Cixiu as a puppet, succeed to the throne in the north, and then regain the southern Ming court in the south under the name of Zhu Cixi.
However, Zhu Cixiu was very clever, he took the opportunity to escape on the way to the march, after which Zhu Cixiu disappeared, Nanming was also more alert, after learning that Zhu Cixi's whereabouts were unknown, he quickly claimed that the Qing Dynasty killed Zhu Cixi, and then mourned Zhu Cixi, posthumously honored him as the Prince of Xianmin, and later posthumously honored him as Emperor Mourning.
Because NanMing gave him a funeral for Zhu Cixi, some people later called zhu the third prince of Zhu to restore the Qing Dynasty, but only claimed to be Zhu Cijiong or Zhu Cizhao, but did not play the name of Zhu Cixin.
However, according to modern scholars, it is very likely that Zhu Cixi was not killed, and he successfully escaped in Wu Sangui's army, and was read by the former Eastern Palace on the way to escape
Rescued by Li Shichun, Zhu Cixiu later followed Li Shichun to his hometown of Laojun Mountain in Luanchuan County, Luoyang Province, and then Zhu Cixiu lived in seclusion in the Taoist Temple of Laojun Mountain as a Taoist priest.
Nowadays, there is still a legend of Zhu Cixiu near Laojun Mountain, there is also a tomb of the prince and a monument to the prince under laojun mountain, Zhu Cixi also attracted many former Ming courtiers during his seclusion in Laojun Mountain, who secretly worshiped Zhu Cixi as emperor in laojun mountain, and Zhu Cixi also lived until the death of Kangxi in the eighteenth year (1679) at the age of 51.
Therefore, most of the three princes of Zhu Cijiong, who have been popular in the folk, are under the name of Zhu Cijiong and Zhu Cijiong, and the real third Zhu Cijiong is likely to have died on the way to escape, Zhu Cijiong and his brothers were lost in the rebel army, really completely disappeared from history, and the people who played the name of Zhu Cijiong were all fake and shoddy products.
The Qing Dynasty has been looking for Zhu Cijiong from the regency of Dolgun to the pro-government of Shunzhi to the succession of Kangxi, but it has not been found, killing many people who call themselves Zhu Cijiong, but it is inexhaustible, after killing this, a person known as Zhu Cijiong has appeared elsewhere, but the real Zhu Cijiong Qing Dynasty has not been found.
Later, in order to find out Chongzhen's descendants, Kangxi thought of a more desperate trick, and after paying homage to the Ming Tomb of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Emperor of Nanjing, he announced that the world wanted to find out the descendants of Zhu Ming's royal family and enter the dynasty and be knighted. Of course, Kangxi did not really want to be knighted by the old Zhu family, he just wanted to use this trick to make those descendants of the Ming dynasty royal family take the initiative to stand up, and then not recognize them as the ming dynasty royal family, and then kill these true royal family members in the name of pretending to be the ming dynasty royal family.
The main thing is that during the Kangxi period, there were too many things to play the name of Prince Zhu San against the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty, and Kangxi was already too annoyed with Prince Zhu San, so he used this trick.
Forty-seven years of the Kangxi Dynasty
(1708) The Qing court finally found Prince Zhu San. According to the Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty, this year there was a case of Wang Shiyuan impersonating the Ming Dynasty prince, and the initial Qing Dynasty identified Wang Shiyuan as Zhu Cijiong, the third prince of Zhu, and later learned that this was actually the old fourth Zhu Cijiao, who had been hiding in the folk for more than fifty years.
It turned out that Zhu Cizhuo and Zhu Cijiong were separated in the rebel army, Zhu Cijiong was really missing, and Zhu Cijiong was rescued by a former Ming Dynasty official with the surname of Wang, who was worried that Zhu Cijiong would expose his identity, so he renamed Zhu Cijiong wang Shiyuan, and his name was also harmonized with the original Wang.
Later, Zhu Cizhao, as Wang Shiyuan, recognized the official surnamed Wang as his father's anonymous name and lived in anonymity, and has been hiding in the folk for more than fifty years as a teacher.
During the Kangxi Dynasty, there were more than ten incidents of anti-Qing and restoration of the Ming Dynasty in the name of Prince Zhu San, which made Kangxi very angry, and on the one hand, he suppressed the anti-Qing and restoration uprisings, and on the other hand ordered people to increase their efforts to investigate Prince Zhu San throughout the country.
Although Zhu Cizhao changed his name and surname and married his wife and had children, he could not bear to betray the genealogy, so after giving birth to a child, he still named the child according to the "He" character set by Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang for his next generation, and the third word was also accompanied by a strange character next to the word "earth".
Zhu Cizhao was so different from ordinary people to name his children, after all, he still attracted the attention of the local government, although Zhu Cizhao changed his name and changed his surname, the surname was not the same, but the magistrate still analyzed according to his children's name that he was likely to be named according to the Ming Dynasty royal genealogy, so the local officials held the idea that it was better to kill a thousand by mistake than to let go of one, so they arrested Zhu Cizhao's entire family who was buried in anonymity and interrogated and tortured.
Zhu Cizhao, who was 75 years old at the time, had to admit that he was the son of Chongzhen in the face of the torture of the government, and later the local government thought that he had really captured The Third Prince of Zhu and reported it to Kangxi. Immediately afterwards, Zhu Cizhao and his entire family were taken to the capital for interrogation, and later the Qing Dynasty learned that the old man was not the third prince of Zhu but the fourth zhu Cizhao.
According to Kangxi's will to announce the world at that time, at this time Zhu Cizhao had already revealed the identity of the fourth son of the Chongzhen Emperor, and the Qing Dynasty should have given him a knighthood and treated him well, but to know how much the third prince of Zhu made Kangxi feel, how could he tolerate Zhu Cizhao, so the Qing Dynasty's monarchs played a trick of stealing beams and changing pillars.
Zhu Cihuan originally had a mother brother who was also chongzhen's fifth son, Zhu Cihuan, who died at the age of five, and this matter was officially recorded in the Ming Dynasty, so the Qing Dynasty stole Liang to change pillars and tampered with the history books, and renamed the fifth son Zhu Cihuan who died prematurely to Zhu Cihuan, so the Qing Dynasty convicted Wang Shiyuan of impersonating a descendant of the Ming Dynasty royal family, and the real Zhu Cihuan was beheaded for pretending to be the Ming Dynasty royal family, so that the 75-year-old Zhu Cihuan and his entire family were killed by the Qing court.
Zhu San was the fourth son of Chongzhen. The fourth son of Zha Chongzhen died in the fourteenth year of Chongzhen.
- "Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty"
So this shows how desperately Kangxi played, and on the surface it sounds good to knight the descendants of the Ming dynasty royal family, but in fact it is just a death trap to kill the real Ming dynasty royal family.
Therefore, Chongzhen's three sons, a true prince Zhu Cijiong, lived in seclusion, a real Zhu Cijiong, the third prince of Zhu Cijiong, was missing, and although the fourth Zhu Cijiong was hidden for more than fifty years, he did not have a good end, and was eventually killed by the Qing Dynasty.
Then, if this is the case, why did many incidents of Prince Zhu San's anti-Qing and restoration of the Ming Dynasty break out later?
In fact, the name of Prince Zhu San had already become a golden signboard against the Qing Dynasty and the Restoration of the Ming Dynasty during that period
It is really difficult to say how the whereabouts of Zhu Cijiong, the real prince of Zhu San, in history, but his life and death actually did not matter, mainly because the name of Zhu San Prince was too good.
From the Kangxi period to the early Qianlong period, the anti-Qing uprisings that broke out in many places during this period were all raised under the name of Zhu Sanzi, which shows how strong the appeal of Zhu San's name is.
Among them, the most influential is the Yang Qilong Uprising, which was interpreted in the TV series "Kangxi Dynasty".
In the twelfth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1673), the San Francisco Rebellion broke out, and Yang Qilong, an unemployed vagrant in the capital, took the name of Zhu San's prince and claimed to be Zhu Cijiong, taking advantage of the chaos to revolt.
Yang Qilong was the most similar of all those who pretended to be Zhu Cijiong, and his age and his account of the life of the Ming court were very realistic, and even the Qing Dynasty once regarded him as the real Zhu Cijiong.
Yang Qilong initially called for an uprising in the name of Zhu Cijiong, and soon gathered a large number of people, he wanted to take advantage of Wu Sangui's rebellion to seize the opportunity to capture the Forbidden City, but before the uprising, the matter was revealed, and Yang Qilong gave up his subordinates and fled with a few henchmen.
Yang Qilong fled for seven years,
According to the "Qing History Manuscript" recorded that Kangxi was captured by Yue Le, the Prince of An, in Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province, in the nineteenth year of Kangxi (1680), Yang Qilong had always insisted that he was the real Zhu Cijiong after his capture, but his confidants betrayed him, and they all proved that Yang Qilong was originally an unemployed wanderer, and met some old eunuchs of the former Ming Court in the capital, and inquired into the court life, so he could describe the court life in a colorful way.
As a result, Yang Qilong was murdered for impersonating Zhu Cijiong and plotting rebellion.
In addition to Yang Qilong, the later Cai Yan Uprising in Zhangzhou, Fujian, Zhang Nianyi Uprising in Taicang, Jiangsu,
The Jiangnan Jin Monks' Uprising, the Zhejiang Simingshan Uprising, the Taiwan Zhu Yigui Uprising, and so on all played out to support the name of Prince Zhu San and oppose the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty, and it was not until the early Qianlong period that these uprisings were all named after Prince Zhu San, and it was not until the middle and late Qianlong period that Zhu Cijiong would have been more than a hundred years old if he had lived to that time, and he would not have been able to revolt again, and the name of Prince Zhu San would have gradually withdrawn from the stage of history.
During the Yongzheng period, in order to calm the people and revolt with the third prince of Zhu, Yongzheng specially found a prefect named Zhu Zhilian, called him a descendant of Zhu Gui, the thirteenth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, and then honored him as a descendant of the orthodox Ming Dynasty royal family, and gave him the hereditary title of Marquis of Yan'en of the first class, and made him responsible for the annual Spring and Autumn Festival of the Ming Emperor's Mausoleum.
Yongzheng's move was actually to appease the people and try to quell the revolt under the name of Zhu San, after all, the Ming imperial family had already been named the Marquis of Yan'en, indicating obedience to the Qing Dynasty.
And whether this Zhu Zhilian identity is a true descendant of the Ming Dynasty imperial family has yet to be examined, the character of Zhu Zhilian's name and the last name do not have the five elements next to the Ming Dynasty royal family symbol, so it is very likely that he is not a descendant of Zhu Yuanzhang's concubine, it may be a zhu clan branch, so Yongzheng's move is to cope with the helpless move of The Third Prince of Zhu to oppose the Qing dynasty and restore the Ming, and casually find a descendant of the Zhu clan branch to buy people's hearts.
In the early days after Qianlong succeeded to the throne, he also rewarded the Yan'en Hou family, after which Yan'en Hou accompanied him until the fall of the Qing Dynasty, and the last Yan'en Hou Zhu Yuxun was poor and destitute, and in the Republic of China period, he lived by stealing and excavating the Ming Tombs.
Therefore, no one cares about the whereabouts of Zhu Cijiong, the third prince of Zhu, but his name has really become a golden signboard against the Qing and the restoration of the Ming, and during the Kang Yongqian period, anyone who rebelled against the Qing and the Ming Dynasty must play the name of the third prince of Zhu, which shows how strong the appeal of this third prince of Zhu is.
Moreover, the three generations of emperors of Kang Yongqian all hated Prince Zhu San to the bone, and anyone who fought the rebellion of Prince Zhu San would be sentenced to death by the Qing Dynasty in the end if he failed, which can also show how much shadow Prince Zhu San brought to the three generations of Emperor Kang Yongqian, and the title of Prince Zhu San was like a thorn in the back for the three generations of Emperor Kang Yongqian.
Write at the end
In fact, the reason why Prince Zhu San was able to become a factor of instability was still left over from the unification of the world in the early days of the Qing Dynasty, and most of the people who used the name of Prince Zhu San to oppose the Qing revival uprising during the Kang Yongqian period were mostly in the southern region, which was because in the early days of the unification of the Qing Dynasty, many areas in the south were slaughtered and lost the local people's hearts.
Although Kangxi later promised never to add money, it was difficult to win back the hearts and minds of the people in the southern region, and the anti-Qing and restoration forces also grew rapidly in the southern region, especially in the Jiangnan region, and the tyrannical acts such as slaughtering the city in the early Qing Dynasty further intensified the people's thinking, so that the anti-Qing and restoration of the Ming Dynasty in the Jiangnan region under the name of Zhu Sanzi could quickly gather many people.
In fact, the third prince of Zhu was no longer simply a symbol of this Zhu Cijiong, but more like a banner against the Qing Dynasty and the restoration of the Ming Dynasty, which played a role in cohesion and appeal.
If the Chongzhen Emperor Jiuquan could know that his son Zhu Cijiong could exert such a powerful influence on the three generations of Kang Yongqian, the most outstanding emperor of the Qing Dynasty, he would definitely say to Nurhaci under the Nine Springs: "Look at my Yuan Inspector (Yuan Chonghuan) one shot can send you back to the west, and one of my sons can make your descendants tremble for three generations." ”