The "San Fan Rebellion" that occurred during the Qing Kangxi Period was a major event in the history of the Qing Dynasty in the past three hundred years. This great unrest caused by the withdrawal of the domain lasted for eight years, and its initiators, the former Daming Pingxibo and the current King of Pingxi of the Great Qing Dynasty, Wu Sangui, were also forever nailed to the pillar of shame of history because they first rebelled against the Ming and then opposed the Qing. Looking at what Wu Sangui did in his lifetime, the image he left behind for history of great treachery and great evil cannot be washed away by anyone.
There is a world in the Qing Dynasty, and Wu Sangui, Shang Kexi, and Geng Zhongming are indispensable. In order to reward his merits, the then emperor's father, the regent, assumed the name of The Shunzhi Emperor and made Wu Sangui the King of Pingxi, Shang Kexi the King of Pingnan, and Geng Zhongming the King of Jingnan. Since the rulers of the Qing Dynasty at that time were not strong enough to directly control the southern provinces where the three kings were based, the Qing court authorized Wu Sangui, who was stationed in Yunnan, to guard the area, and at the same time made him also have jurisdiction over Guiyang, and Shang Kexi, who was stationed in Guangdong, sat in Guangzhou as the king of Pingnan, and Geng Jimao (Geng Zhongmingzi) guarded Fujian as the king of Jingnan.
Using San Francisco to guard these provinces in the south was originally a stopgap measure for the Qing Dynasty, but because San Francisco was sitting on heavy troops, its power had far exceeded that of the Qing court's governors in these provinces, so the provinces they occupied had formed a de facto divided force.
As early as when the Shunzhi Emperor was pro-government, people of insight in the dynasty put forward the great drawbacks of the existence of San Francisco, and after the Kangxi Emperor took the throne, this wise little emperor once said when summarizing the previous dynastic feudal towns: "Since the fall of the government, San Francisco, river affairs, and caoyun have been the three major events, and they have been remembered night and night, and the books have been hung on the pillars of the palace. ”
The Three Major Events of the Kangxi Emperor were the largest in San Francisco, which shows that the problems of San Francisco have reached an urgent time to solve.
While the Kangxi Emperor was pondering how to withdraw his domain, Shang Kexi, the king of Pingnan who was far away in Guangdong, sent him back to Haizhou (now Haicheng), his hometown of Laodong in March of the twelfth year of Kangxi (1673 CE), and asked him to continue to keep his son Shang Zhixin in guangdong.
After the deliberations of the two ministers of the household and the soldiers, as well as the kings of Belle, everyone unanimously thought that the letter of Shang Kexizi was difficult to control, and if he left his command to continue to defend Guangdong, it would become a major disaster in the future, and the Kangxi Emperor also did the same, so he resolutely ordered the withdrawal of Shang Domain.
The news reached Wu Sangui and Geng Jingzhong (Geng Jimaozi), and in order to explore the facts of the imperial court, the two of them jointly pretended to withdraw the domain in July of that year, but what the two of them did not expect was that after the Kangxi Emperor saw their Shangshu, he agreed to withdraw the domain.
Wu Sangui, who did not want to lose his domain, after plotting, so in November of that year, after killing the Inspector of Yunnan and other officials, he brazenly spread the word of the Great Marshal of the Terracotta Army and the Great General of Xingming, and raised an army against the Qing Under the name of the so-called Prince Zhu San.
At the beginning of the war, due to the early ming dynasty and ethnic contradictions, coupled with the withering of the founding kings of the Qing Dynasty, and the rapid corruption of the Eight Banners army, Wu Sangui's rebel army progressed smoothly. Under the advice of Geng Jingzhong and Shang Zhixin, the Wu army occupied Sichuan, Guangdong, Fujian and other provinces in addition to sitting on Yungui.
Just when Wu Sangui's rebels were drinking the yangtze river, this veteran who had been in the battlefield for a long time made a big strategic mistake. The Kangxi Emperor took advantage of Wu Sangui's fantasy to occupy half of the country south of the Yangtze River through peace talks, quickly adjusted the strategic deployment, and ordered Yue Le, the Prince of An, to be the general of Dingyuan Pingjian and lead the Eight Banners to the south to meet the enemy.
Yue Le was the son of Abatai, the king of Dora Raoyu County, and one of the founding kings, and was highly valued by the Shunzhi Emperor as early as the Shunzhi period. When the Shunzhi Emperor was seriously ill, Yue Le almost became the heir to the throne.
Yue Le went to the front line to judge the situation, and instead of confronting the Wu army, the advanced army of Jiangxi completely cut off the connection between the rebels of Geng Jingzhong and the rebels of Wu Sangui.
Due to Yue Le's proper strategic measures, the Eight Banner Army quickly recovered the decline of the battlefield under his command. With Wu Sangui's righteous son, The Governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, in Pingliang, Geng Jingzhong and Shang Zhixin were once again demoted, and in order to improve the morale of the rebels, the desperate Wu Sangui Kangxi established himself as emperor in Hengzhou (present-day Hengyang) in the seventeenth year (1679 AD), with the name of Great Zhou.
However, the title of emperor also did not bring good luck to Wu Sangui, and in the autumn of that year, as Wu Sangui died of despair and illness, Wu Sangui's grandson Wu Shipan, who succeeded to the throne, was difficult to gain popular expectations, and the provinces of Xiang, Guangdong, Qian, and Sichuan were reoccupied by the Qing army. In this situation, Wu Sangui's sworn enemies Ma Bao and Hu Guozhu had to resist step by step, and then retreated to their old nest in Kunming.
The Qing army, which thought that victory was in sight, began to linger at this point, and the officers and soldiers only knew how to fight cocks and horses every day, and they were unscrupulously happy, so That Wu Shipan was able to remain as a pseudo-emperor in Kunming for two years.
In February of the twentieth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1681 AD), the Kangxi Emperor yan ordered the generals Yuanping, Gushan Beizi Zhangtai (Nurhaci's great-grandson), and the southern general Lai Ta to lead two Qing armies from Hunan and Guangxi to enter Yunnan from Guizhou respectively.
On the twenty-first day, Wu Shipan, who was stubbornly resisting the trapped beast fight, sent his general Hu Guoshan to lead more than 10,000 elite troops out of the city to fight against the Qing army, and as a result, after the battle, the Wu army, which had no fighting spirit, was defeated by the Qing army, and Hu Guoshan was trampled into meat by the retreating elephant.
Unwilling to be defeated, Wu Shipan ordered Ma Bao to lead an army from Sichuan to kunming, but Ma Bao went to Yao An and saw that the Qing army was strong, so he led his troops to surrender to the Qing capital.
In September of that year, the brave general Zhao Liangdong also led the Sichuan Qing army into Kunming. The city of Kunming was thus surrounded by the Qing Three Roads Army.
Wu Shipan, who knew that the general trend had gone, had led his troops to fight hard with the Qing army several times, but the Wu army, which knew that the defeat had been decided, was no longer willing to go to the funeral for Wu Shipan except for a few die-hard elements. Wu Shipan, who was defeated and returned to the city, was undecided and had to report to his confidants that his grandfather Wu Sangui's iron fans were ready to capture him alive and ask for credit to the Qing army, and Wu Shipan, who was cornered, had no choice but to wield a sword to kill himself.
As soon as Wu Shipan died, Kunming was captured by the Qing army.
Kunming City has been a prosperous city for many years after Being Run by Wu Sangui, and the Qing army that invaded the city saw that it was like a greedy tiger and wolf, looted the city of Kunming, and then carried the beautiful women and gold and silver treasures they had plundered, carrying Wu Sangui's bones and Wu Shifan's corpse back to Beijing in victory.
As for Wu Sangui's generals such as Ma Bao and Hu Guozhu, although they had surrendered, since they had assisted Wu Sangui in committing evil for many years, the Kangxi Emperor ordered Ling Chi to be executed.