People who are familiar with history may not be unfamiliar with a name, that is, "Prince Zhu San". In the history of the early Qing Dynasty, the "Third Prince of Zhu" was like a ghost, which plagued several generations of emperors. To know why the influence of the "Third Prince of Zhu" is so great, we must start from 1644.
Jia Shen was in trouble, and the prince fled
In 1644, the peasant army Li Zicheng led troops to attack the city of Beijing, and many people know that the Chongzhen Emperor hanged himself at Coal Mountain, but few people know that he arranged for someone to escort his three sons to escape before hanging himself.
The Chongzhen Emperor himself was unwilling to move south, and achieved the good name of "the Son of Heaven guarding the gate of the country, and the king died in the society", but he also pinned his hopes on his sons, hoping that they could return to Nanjing and regroup, so he specially arranged for his own cronies to escort him.
Only then did three of the Chongzhen Emperor's sons remain, namely the crown prince Zhu Cijiong, the Ding king Zhu Cijiong, and the Yong king Zhu Cijiong. Later, many people carried out activities under the banner of opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty, mostly in the name of "Prince Zhu San", and the reason came from here.
But what the Chongzhen Emperor did not expect was that history did not attach importance to the Ming Dynasty, none of these princes could successfully reach Nanjing, they were first captured by Li Zicheng, and then lost track of Li Zicheng on the way to escape to the west, and their whereabouts were unknown, which became a mystery at that time.
The prince died, and the nightmare began
When the Qing army entered Beijing at that time, the banner was "to suppress Li Zicheng and avenge the Chongzhen Emperor", and the regent Dolgun also ordered that the Ming Dynasty clan would be "nurtured" and "treated kindly".
In order to show that she had inherited the orthodox status of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing court placed the former Princess Changping of the former Dynasty with a broken arm on the residence of her maternal grandfather Zhou Kui and married Zhou Shixian. Within a few months, crown prince Zhu Cixi also arrived at the palace and recognized Princess Changping.
The paradox is that at this time, in the small court of the Southern Ming Dynasty thousands of miles away, a person who claimed to be zhu Cixi, the former crown prince, also appeared. At that time, Zhu Yousong, the Fu King, had already claimed the title of emperor, and naturally did not want to give up his position to others.
It is conceivable that neither the Qing court in Beijing nor the Nanming court in Nanjing welcomed the visit of this uninvited guest, and both sides unanimously killed the two "Zhu Cixi" on the grounds of "pretending to be a prince".
Princess Changping may have seen through the heart of the tiger and wolf of the Qing court, and after her brother was killed, she herself was also discouraged.
She was already pregnant and died not long after, some people said that she committed suicide by taking poison, and some people said that she lost her use value and was killed by the Qing court.
The above is the first "Zhu SanZizi" case that occurred. This incident did not attract the attention of the Qing Dynasty, because the development of things was completely under its control, not like the later uprisings.
However, what the rulers of the Qing Dynasty never expected was that the case of the "Third Prince of Zhu" against the Qing Dynasty and the Restoration of the Ming Dynasty would become more and more intense in the future, lasting for a hundred years.
Wildfires burned and the wind blew again
With the stabilization of the political situation, the Qing court believed that the Ming Dynasty's clan office had no political use value, so it executed 13 former imperial princes who were detained in Beijing at one time, and publicly issued a decree: "All the ancestors of the Ming Dynasty ... If the poor are forced to surrender, or if they rebel and return, and those who are sacrificed, there is no shortage of long curses! "All localities have followed suit, and in the course of the battle, whenever they encounter the Ming Dynasty clan, they will all be killed."
This gives hope to some. In the twelfth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Yang Qilong claimed to be Zhu Cijiong, the "Third Prince of Zhu", and entangled a cadre of people in the Beijing area to plot to "oppose the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty". He also solemnly established his own era name and divided the officials under him.
But things have failed before they even started. When he and his henchmen were still thinking about how to launch an uprising, they were suppressed by the Qing Dynasty army that had heard the news. It turned out that someone had tipped off the Qing court, which made this "Third Prince of Zhu" once again die in the end of the world.
Related to this, in the nineteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, a man claiming to be the "Third Prince of Zhu" appeared in Shaanxi to engage in anti-Qing activities, and was later defeated by the general Tu Hai. This person claimed to be Yang Qilong, but it was later found that it was actually Yang Qilong's former subordinate. The Kangxi Emperor ordered the execution of the man.
In the sixteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Cai Yin, another Zhangzhou man, seized on the local people's dissatisfaction with the Qing Dynasty's rule and took advantage of the situation to raise an army and played the banner of "Third Prince of Zhu". His team wrapped white cloth around their heads and contacted the descendants of the Zheng clan who occupied Taiwan, known as the White Head Army.
The uprising of the Bald-headed Army was only short-lived, and it was soon defeated by the Qing Dynasty officers and soldiers who rushed to hear the news, and the leading Cai Yin and Yigan's men also fell to the ground.
Shortly thereafter, another "Third Prince of Zhu" appeared in Henan, but due to the very harsh environment in which the operation was located, it can be said that it was eliminated before the formal uprising, and all those who participated in it were killed by Kangxi.
The Kangxi Emperor was very troubled by this "third prince of Zhu" who "could not burn endlessly, and the spring breeze blew and grew again", and began to order all localities to carry out a search and arrest of the descendants of the Ming dynasty royal family, and it was necessary to "cut the grass and remove the roots", but all those who had anything to do with it were executed.
This policy caused a lot of panic at that time, and officials in various localities attached great importance to it, and they wanted to take advantage of the opportunity to show their political achievements, and some even artificially created "Zhu San Prince" and impersonated them to get promoted to get rich, resulting in the killing of many innocent people.
The efforts of the Kangxi Emperor were not in vain, and he made important progress in his search for the "Third Prince of Zhu". In the eighteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Zhu Cijiong, the Prince of Chongzhen, was captured by the Qing court in the Xiangzhong region.
Since zhu Cijiong escaped from Beijing, he became a monk and fled into the empty gate, and has been on the run for more than thirty years. This time it was discovered that it was a group of local rebellious people who took advantage of the chaotic situation of the "San Francisco Rebellion" to encircle him and play his banner.
Yue Le, the Prince of An, who was in charge of the Xiangzhong region at the time, was immediately assigned by the Kangxi Emperor to march into encirclement and suppression, successfully capturing him and escorting him to the Capital Division. Later, the Qing court referred to the deer as a horse as before, declaring: "At that time, Zhu Cijiong was very young, and he would not be able to escape. About false", zhu Cijiong was executed for pretending to be a former emperor.
The gentleness is fruitless, and the waves rise again
Perhaps because the name was too loud, the activities of the "Third Prince of Zhu" in various places rose and fell, stirring up the Kangxi Emperor's fear and panic. In the thirty-eighth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, he carried out a southern tour in the name of inspecting the people's livelihood.
On the way back, the Kangxi Emperor went to nanjing, the capital of the Ming Dynasty, to visit the mausoleum of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, nominally to appease the people's emotions, but in fact had other plans. It turned out that he seemed to be hard and could not do it, so he had a plan of "keeping the plant and waiting for the rabbit". When Kangxi was consulting, he instructed the university scholars next to him to: "Visit and identify the descendants of the generations, give them titles, and keep their ancestors in the world." ”
The Kangxi Emperor was indeed clever, and took the opportunity to pay homage to Zhu Yuanzhang and issued this edict. At that time, such an edict as Kangxi's was nothing more than to make the sea smell the wind, or to have a Ming descendant who threw himself into the net, and lured him to get rid of it.
But the descendants of the Ming Dynasty royal family are not stupid, and the damage caused by the previous blood flowing into the river is still vividly remembered, can this rhetoric lure the fish to the bait?
This policy failed, and the ministers had to play the emperor, pushing back the ming dynasty for a long time, leaving few descendants behind, almost impossible to visit. The Kangxi Emperor could not do anything about this, and although he went to the Ming Tomb to pay respects afterwards, he never mentioned this matter again.
Where there is oppression, there is resistance. In the thirty-eighth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, a monk appeared in Jiangnan, who wanted to cause trouble during the Kangxi Southern Tour because he was dissatisfied with the cruel rule of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the plan had been arranged, but the cannon that sent the signal at the critical time was actually muted. Qing soldiers immediately rushed up to arrest and kill him.
Around the forty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the monks of Taicang Yinian in Jiangsu and Zhang Nianyi and Zhang Nian'er in Dalanshan, Zhejiang, and others rebelled under the banner of opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty in the name of "Zhu Sanzi", and were active in Taicang, Jiangsu and Simingshan, Zhejiang, respectively, and were later suppressed.
The king of The Eternals, the whole clan was killed
Wave after wave of these events tormented the Kangxi Emperor until the forty-seventh year of the Kangxi Dynasty, in 1708 AD, when Zhu Cizhao, the Yong King under the pseudonym Wang Shiyuan, was found in Shandong. He was 75 years old when he was found, a teacher at the time, and had not rebelled.
According to Wang Shiyuan, after the collapse of the Jiashen state, he went through several trips to Fengyang, the former residence of Zhu Yuanzhang, to join a squire surnamed Wang. This squire, who had been a Ming dynasty official, took him in and considered him an adopted son. After the death of his adoptive father, he went to the Buddhist temple to become a monk.
Later, he became acquainted with the descendants of a Ming dynasty official who admired his talents, persuaded him to return to his vulgarity, and married his daughter to him. Since then, he has made a living as a teacher and lives in Siming Mountain, but because the government is tightly investigated, he moved his family to Shandong and assumed the pseudonym "Zhang Yongguan".
In the forty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, he assumed the pseudonym "He Cheng" and rented a house in Ningbo to Zhang Yuehuai. At a banquet, he confided to the other party the secret that he was the Prince of Chongzhen, and Zhang Yuehuai was immediately interested when he heard it, planning to take this opportunity to revolt. Never thinking that the matter was investigated by the government, he took his family to live in Changxing County, Huzhou.
In the forty-fifth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the monk Zhang Nianyi heard about this incident, so he collected incense money and claimed to "help the third prince of Zhu revolt", and was later ordered to be arrested by the Qing court. During this pursuit, Wang Shiyuan's three sons and one grandson were arrested, he and one of his sons went into exile again, and his wife, concubine, three daughters, and one son all hanged themselves in accordance with the family law set by the Chongzhen Emperor.
Later, it was not until the forty-seventh year of the Kangxi Dynasty that the government learned of Wang Shiyuan's whereabouts from Zhang Nianyi's mouth, so they arrested him, who was teaching at the home of Li Liyuan, a gentleman in Wenshang, Shandong, and escorted him to Jingshi for trial.
Careful speculation will find that his name is also very distinctive, read backwards is "originally the king", and more interestingly, he named his children, but also in strict accordance with the system set by Zhu Yuanzhang, the last word is a strange word with the word "earth".
The Kangxi Emperor was overjoyed, and did not care at all that this old man only wanted to live, but on the grounds that "although there was no anti-Qing trip, he did not have the heart to oppose the Qing", and beheaded him and his wife and children, old and young, and killed the entire clan of this "Third Prince of Zhu". The family of Li Liyuan, the teacher who had hired him, was also sentenced to "exile for three thousand miles", although they did not know it.
The flag does not fall, and the aftersound is still lingering
Logically, there is no longer a "Zhu San Prince" in the world, but in the sixty years of the Kangxi Dynasty, when Zhu Yigui in Taiwan revolted, he still used the name of "Zhu San Prince".
According to statistics, during the sixty-first year of Kangxi's reign, there were as many as 70 uprisings under the banner of "Third Prince of Zhu". Even in the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods, some people still used "Zhu San Prince", and the Heaven and Earth Society always claimed that Zhu San Prince was in his own hands.
Until the end of the Qianlong Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, there were rumors that Prince Zhu San would land in the Liangguang area from Luzon at any time.
The ming dynasty's rule collapsed, but there were still many people who hated the Manchu Qing regime, and the "Zhusan Prince" case was a microcosm of this movement.
In fact, in the final analysis, it does not matter who Prince Zhu San is, what is important is to raise this big banner in order to become famous.