On December 22, 1673, when Kangxi was preparing to fight against the Rebellion of the Three Domains, the first "Zhu San Prince Case" of the Kangxi Dynasty broke out.
At that time, Yang Qilong, an anti-Qing dynasty figure, called himself the "Third Prince of Zhu" in the Ming Dynasty, and together with his confidants Huang Ji and Chen Yi gathered many believers in Beijing, wearing white scarves and red clothes, calling themselves "Zhongxing Officers and Soldiers" and changing their era name to "Guangde".
Due to the timely response of the Qing court, the matter itself was quickly resolved. However, since then, the wave of joining the "Third Prince of Zhu" has risen in various places, and during the Kangxi Dynasty, the "Zhu Third Prince Case" occurred frequently, and it was not until the Qianlong Dynasty that it really disappeared. This phenomenon in Japan is equivalent to the unrest caused by local clans in the early days of the Meiji government. However, as far as the sense of resistance is concerned, behind the "Zhu San Prince Case" is a problem of national identity, and after that, the Heaven and Earth Society and the White Lotus Sect also made enemies with the Qing court under the slogan of "expelling the Tartars", and the Manchu Qing Dynasty was unable to solve the hidden danger of "queuing up". It is very similar to the Ming religion that rebelled against the Mongols during the Yuan Dynasty.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Li Zicheng attacked the capital, and the three princes, Ding Wang, fled, and then his whereabouts are unknown. After the Qing soldiers entered the Central Plains, anti-Qing incidents occurred frequently, and anti-Qing elements claimed to be the missing "Third Prince of Zhu" in the name of the Ming Dynasty's clan office, on the one hand, they wanted to get the hospitality of the Southern Ming Sect, on the other hand, they wanted to gain the approval of the Han people, and at the same time, they used the way of entrusting their names to protect themselves from being easily arrested by officers and soldiers. "Prince Zhu San" is not the heir to the imperial throne, it is reasonable to say that there should be no name of "Prince", but the eldest son of the concubine at that time disappeared in the rebellion and was called "Emperor Mo" by the people, and the second son of the concubine died prematurely after birth, so the third son of the concubine was crowned king, and he was called "Prince Zhu San" by the people.
During the reign of Kangxi, a total of 70 "Zhu SanZi cases" appeared.
What caused the "Zhu SanZi case" to break out frequently?
First, Chinese dynasties have been the domain of the Han people, and the Manchus suddenly entered the Customs and ruled during the civil strife of the Ming Dynasty, which made many Han people unconvinced, especially the descendants of the Ming Dynasty established the Southern Ming in Jiangnan and did not declare their demise, so some Han people were only willing to recognize the Ming dynasty regime.
Second, the Qing Dynasty ruled the Han people in a simple and crude way, in addition to taking away the titles and most of the fields of the Ming officials, it also ordered the Han people to shave their hair and wear flag uniforms, which aroused the dissatisfaction of the Han people.
Third, in addition to within China, the vassal states that submitted to the Ming Dynasty also supported the Han Chinese against the Qing. For example, North Korea, which considers itself a people of the Ming Dynasty, openly supports the Southern Ming regime and san francisco, tries to destroy the Qing In the Northern Expedition, and even has always used the era name of the Ming Dynasty, and at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the year marked with the event has been recorded as "Chongzhen more than two hundred years".
Yang Qilong, the protagonist of the first "Zhusan Prince Case", was originally an unemployed vagrant, but at the call of San Francisco to raise an army against the Qing, he decided to appoint himself as the third prince of the Ming Dynasty, gathering Beijing vagrants and eight banner rebel slaves to discuss rebellion together. Unexpectedly, just as Yang Qilong and others were deliberating, the officers and soldiers suddenly attacked the Drum Tower Inn where they were staying. In a panic, Yang Qilong fled alone, and the rest of the henchmen were captured.
Why was Yang Qilong's "Zhu San Prince Case" so easily dismantled by the Qing soldiers?
First of all, before the case occurred, it was unexpectedly noticed by the Manchus, and the government responded at the right time to successfully disintegrate the incident.
At that time, Lang Tingshu, a yellow flag supervisor, found that there was something wrong with the tailor at home, did not greet the master, and the work was often perfunctory. When Lang Tingshu was suspicious, he found that the domestic servants would gather together to discuss the anti-Qing matter, so he immediately reported the case to the government. In addition, Zhou Gongzhi, a Zhenghuangqi man who lived in Gulou West Street, also encountered more than thirty servants in the family gathered, intending to set fire to the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty, so he ran to du tongzu Yonglie to report the matter.
The coincidence was more than that, before Zu Yonglie had brought his troops to the scene, General Ekson happened to be walking around the Drum Tower and found that the Drum Tower was on fire, and the people in the Drum Tower Inn were wearing armor and exposing their blades, and their faces were fierce. He immediately rushed to Naran Mingzhu and Tuhai.
As a result, Exon, Nalan Mingzhu, Tu Hai, Zu Yonglie, and others led their troops to the battlefield and captured more than thirty people, including Huang Ji and Chen Yi, but Yang Qilong successfully escaped.
At the same time, Suo Etu, who was responsible for plotting against San Francisco, had long ago discovered that there were a number of anti-Qing forces in Beijing, and by taking advantage of the "Zhu San Prince Case" East Window Incident, Suo Etu spent half a day arresting Yang Qilong's more than 10,000 henchmen.
Secondly, Yang Qilong, who took advantage of the "San Francisco Rebellion" to make trouble, although he was extremely quick-witted and courageous, but he did not make a comprehensive plan for such a major event as the Qing Dynasty, and even more lacked effective action, but only took more than thirty backbone members such as huang ji and Chen Yi with the believers, and set fires everywhere, so the Qing soldiers effortlessly extinguished it.
Originally, Kangxi received a notice that Yang Qilong would soon be arrested, but seven years after the case, Yang Qilong was captured by Tuhai in Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province, and then ambushed.
However, Yang Qilong was only one in seventieth of the "Third Prince of Zhu", and the other "Third Princes of Zhu" also looked at the Qing Regime and committed frequent crimes. What kind of impact did the endless phenomenon of the "Zhu San Prince Case" have on the Qing Dynasty?
First, Kangxi was the emperor of the Qing Dynasty who was most invaded by anti-Qing elements, so Kangxi had to spend a lot of energy to deal with these anti-Qing elements in addition to his founding. After Qianlong, the anti-Qing side may realize that the Third Prince could not live so long, and they all put down the banner of "Third Prince Zhu". However, the uprisings of the Heaven and Earth Society and the White Lotus Sect continued, and in total, these events accounted for almost half of the Qing Dynasty's war history, and the White Lotus Sect uprising in Jiaqing was the most serious, and it can be said that part of the Qing Dynasty's qi was lost in the hands of anti-Qing forces.
Second, the Qing Dynasty spent a lot of effort to improve the Han Manchu policy, of which the Jiangnan literati were particularly tough, so Kangxi once went to Jiangnan six times, appeased the scholars, paid homage to the Ming Xiaoling, promoted Han officials, and also placed a lot of eyeliner. This move to lower Jiangnan was also emulated by the later Qianlong Emperor. As a result, many systems of the Qing Dynasty came to appease these anti-Qing forces.
As for, does the real Third Prince Zhu really exist? According to the Qing Shilu, in 1708, the government discovered a teaching teacher, Wang Shiyuan, most likely the real Prince of Zhusan, and beheaded Wang Shiyuan's entire family. However, after Wang Shiyuan's death, there was still a case of The Third Prince of Zhu. Therefore, whether this person is really the third prince of Zhu has become a mystery case for eternity.
The reason why the phenomenon of "Zhu San Prince" emerges endlessly is because "Zhu San Prince" has become a symbol, behind which is the concept of anti-Qing people resisting the Qing, which also verifies the law of goal cohesion, and the Qing Dynasty is facing countless anti-Qing elements, and it is necessary to change the policies of the people in a timely manner to meet the needs of the people, confirming the law of rule by custom.
Evaluation of the past
The Holy Patriarch did not tolerate the origin of the People, and he also had his own racial views in his chest, but he was afraid that people would return to it. This later filled also the cause of self-planting.
--Meng Sen, a modern historian