About the employment of personnel in the Three Kingdoms period. Let's start with the reasons why shu Han could survive under two powerful regimes.
Liu Bei's success in entering Sichuan: We can say that Liu Zhang was weak militarily, and politically that Liu Zhang did not have the ability to control Shuzhong. Diplomatically, Liu Bei, the wolf, was introduced into the room.
Liu Bei's success in establishing political power: We can say that Liu Bei militarily conquered Hanzhong, politically reconciled the contradictions between Jingshu and Shu, and united Eastern Wu from a diplomatic point of view.
But on what basis are these based? It is the rational selection and application of talents. Liu Bei and Cao Cao lived in the same chaotic world, in this chaotic world, if you want to find a living space, it is not enough to have a large army (such as the Yellow Turban Army), it is not enough to have a vast state and county (Yuan Shao and Liu Biao), and it is not enough to have a political foundation (Dong Zhuo), but why do they have such a good foundation, they still have to fail. There are several reasons for this. Some of them have less political ideas, so the large number of them is a rabble, some of them have emperors, but they lack the support of princes, so their political foundation is fragile. Some of them have vast territories, but either lack of talent or are underused. And the appearance of Cao Cao and Liu Bei, two masters of employment in this chaotic world. Cao Cao must have a clear direction in politics, that is, to use the afterglow of the Han Room to do what? To attract the world's talents. Liu Bei also took advantage of his political advantage, that is, he was a relative of the Han Dynasty to attract talents who were wandering around the world. And Cao Cao's heroic martial god Jun, due to the needs of the chaotic world, can pull talents into the ranks. And Liu Bei also used his only advantage to attract talents like Zhuge Liang. It can be said that the key to the success of the two of them lies in the selection and appointment of talents. On the other hand, none of the failed princes can find a common point, that is, there is a mistake in the selection and appointment of talents, or they do not know talents at all, or they have no attraction to talents at all. Therefore, the key to the competition for dominance in the chaotic world is actually the battle of talents. The key to this talent struggle is:
Talent selection: attractive. Cao Cao can use the prestige of the Han Dynasty, his own charm, the strength of the family and many other aspects to attract talents around him.
And Liu Bei is a master of talent selection, can have a fight with Gao Zu, he developed from a commoner to a king of a country. It can be said that the application of their own advantages, such as Han Dynasty relatives, brotherly love, easy love for the people, etc., has reached its limit. It can be said that he cherishes his talents very much, so after he entered Sichuan, people in Shujing and Jing were all happy to be used.
The common denominator of the two of them is that they can see that the accurate talent advantage is there, so that they can use it for themselves, make the best use of it, and give full play to the advantages of talent. Liu Bei analyzed the talents under his command very accurately, as can be seen from Ma Chen's example.
In fact, the two of them unified the north, and the other swallowed thorns into Shu, and success was inevitable, because they could be like Emperor Gaozu, who could know talents in the chaotic world and give full play to the advantages of talents.
In terms of talent:
Cao Cao employed people accurately, and talents were all done with all their hearts and minds, and they were loyal to death. The courtiers shone around him like stars and moons. Moreover, Cao Cao's idea of talent selection is flexible, and the fundamental principle is the use of meritocracy. Therefore, although the Wei state has the emergence of the nine-pin Zhongzheng system, talents are emerging one after another.
And Liu Bei can go from the common people to the emperor, and naturally has a unique place in the use of people, otherwise how to survive and develop in the chaotic world.
From another point of view, we look at their characteristics in employing people from the current point of view:
In terms of the method of looking at talents, we can correctly see who is talented and who is mediocre. This is the most crucial point of the ruler (leader). On the scale of talent selection, the basic principle is that meritocracy is the use of talent, and the use of talents.
In terms of employing people, we should make the best use of our talents and give full play to the greatest advantages of talents for our own use.
The key to saying so much is to reflect Zhuge Liang's application in terms of looking at talent, selecting talent, and using talent.
I personally think that Zhuge Liang is far worse than Liu Bei in terms of looking at talent, selecting talent, and using talent, and he is not very clever in his view of people, and his technique of employing people is not very clever, from the appointment of Ma Mo (the most promising counterattack) to the combination of Wei Yan and Yang Yi (sacrificing a member of the Shu Han generals), and the selection and appointment of Jiang Wei (Zhuge Liang did not create a good political environment for him). Several times the employment of people who decided the major issues of the fate of the Shu Han Dynasty had obvious mistakes in the deployment.
But I think the biggest feature of Zhuge Liang in terms of talent is that he carefully cultivates talents, and he does have a superhuman side in cultivating talents, but why in the Liu Bei period, Fei, Jiang, and Dong were not prominent, I think it was when Shu Han was full of talents, Wen Youfazheng, Zhuge Liang, Wu Related, Zhang, Wei Yan. Therefore, they did not particularly make them appear, and after the early death of Fa Zheng and the battle with YiLing, the elite of the Shu Han suffered great losses. When this situation arose, Zhuge Liang selected talents from Liu Bei's legacy who he thought could be entrusted with heavy responsibilities, so Zhuge Liang deliberately cultivated Fei, Jiang, and Dong. I carefully read Zhuge Brother's article, and at this stage, Zhuge Liang did not find new talents that could be reused. Why? I think there may be two reasons, one is: Zhuge Liang, for the sake of political needs, deliberately controlled the selection of talents in Shuzhong and suppressed the forces in Shuzhong. Jingzhou talents should be deliberately cultivated. To balance and offset the unbalanced power of the regime after the Yiling War. I wrote this clearly in Zhuge Liang's difficulty in choosing people. Second, Zhuge Liang faced great pressure in the selection of talents, and his responsibilities were too heavy (Liu Bei's trust, the rise and fall of Shu Han, and the rise and fall of the Han Dynasty), so he always wanted to take all the problems to himself, so he was cautious in choosing people, afraid that the most mistakes would lead to a dangerous situation. However, at that time, the Shu Han Dynasty was indeed in a period of turmoil, and a careless one could cause civil unrest. Such an attitude is understandable.
Oh, in short, Zhuge Liang's way of looking at people, choosing people, and using people, I said above, because of the general environment, that is, after the Yiling War, the turbulent period of Shu Han, internal and external troubles, he used the elderly, cultivated talents, cautiously selected talents, and there was no fault. However, when the Shu Han was stable, Zhuge Liang still chose talents in this way, and this was his mistake. (Although Zhuge Liang made up for it quickly, he immediately chose a Jiang Wei, but unfortunately too few) I think that the use of people should be based on the shape, potential, and situation at that time, Liu Bei and Cao Cao looked at people in the chaotic situation, selected people, and employed people beyond Han's method of employing people, so they could succeed. And Zhuge Liang was also right to weigh and employ people when he was worried about internal and external troubles. However, the situation is different, and the difference is to change the method of employing people. Blind conformism will lead to the decline of the country. Therefore, the prime minister looks at the number of yin and yang, and the change of the country means that in this aspect, when the environment changes, it must change according to the changes in the environment to make the country in an undefeated state.
In fact, I think that the objective conditions such as the creation and prosperity of the country, geographical and geographical advantages, and changes in the times are very important, but the decisive factor is the selection and appointment of talents. Taking it a step further, the key to the rise and fall of a country lies in the selection and application of talents. I think this is the same truth of the past and the present. Liu Bei and Cao Cao can defeat powerful opponents with their talents, not because of how strong their own martial arts are, not because they have a lot of territory, but because they are good at selecting and applying talents, giving full play to their strengths, and summarizing their advantages and applying them. Oh, I'm afraid this is our Chinese entrepreneurs and the most lacking management.
In fact, this debate summarizes the rise and fall of history, and we can see the importance of talent and the importance of talent management.
Oh, casually mention a few digressions, a successful ruler, his weather is better, the location is better, the most important thing is people. And people are the most difficult, to use advanced political and economic propositions to attract talent (political propositions), when the talent gathered, but also to balance the interests of all aspects (politics) and give full play to their advantages (economic, diplomatic, military). It's really not easy to succeed.