In 263, the Shu Han of the Three Kingdoms was annexed by the State of Wei. In the Battle of Wei to Destroy Shu, Wei smuggled Deng Ai and his troops to Yinping and made a miracle. It is reasonable to say that the situation in the Shu Kingdom at that time was still able to fight a war, and it would not perish. The 100,000-strong army of the Wei general Zhong Hui was blocked out of the Sword Gate pass and could not advance; although Deng Ai's troops reached Jiangyou, they only had a few thousand troops, and they were exhausted, and they were exhausted, and they did not have the strength to destroy Shu at all.
The problem was that the Shu court was accustomed to the days of paper drunkenness and gold fans, and when they heard that Wei Bing had suddenly arrived, they panicked. Ma Mi, the general who guarded Jiangyou Pass, was so frightened that he surrendered directly. The Court of the State of Shu had no one to use, so it had to send Zhuge Liang's son, the Wei general Zhuge Zhan, to lead troops against the enemy.
Zhuge Zhan's ability was far from that of his father. Zhuge Liangtian is a genius, and it is difficult to produce one in hundreds of years, and it is normal for his son to be unable to reach the dust. As the old saying goes, there are nine kinds of dragons, and there are different kinds of things, and Zhuge Liang only has one biological son, so it is difficult to expect Zhuge Zhan to be excellent from the perspective of probability. Of course, Zhuge Zhan was not a mediocre man, and his talent was still there, but he was not suitable for leading soldiers to fight.
The military situation was like fire, if Zhuge Zhan quickly attacked with superior troops, it would not be too difficult to eliminate Deng Ai's lone army, at least he could rely on danger to hold on and block the Wei army in the mountains, and the same victory was in hand.
However, zhuge Zhan stopped when he arrived at Fucheng, planning to fortify on the spot. The opportunity to annihilate the enemy was fleeting, and Huang Quan's son Huang Chongdu wept bitterly, and several times and three times he urged Zhuge Zhan to immediately march into Jiangyou, guard the dangerous place, and not put the Wei army into the plain, but unfortunately Zhuge Zhan did not listen. So Deng Ai drove straight in and defeated Zhuge Zhan's forward troops, and Zhuge Zhan retreated to Mianzhu.
As a result, the morale of the Shu army was even more depressed. Deng Ai also wrote a letter of persuasion to Zhuge Zhan, promising the high-ranking official Houlu. Zhuge Zhan could not fight, but his integrity was still there, he beheaded Deng Ai's emissaries, and ordered his troops to set up a position to fight to the death, and as a result, they were defeated by the Wei army and Zhuge Zhan was killed. His eldest son Zhuge Shang did not want to live, and he also charged into battle and died.
According to the "Records of Yuanhe County", after Zhuge Zhan withdrew from the army Mianzhu, he felt that the general trend had gone, and sighed: "I can't make Jiang Wei except for Huang Hao, I can't make Jiang Wei, I can't keep the river oil, I have three sins, and I have three faces and enter Tun Mian bamboo!" ”
Before his death, Zhuge Zhan said that he had three deadly sins, did not march into Jiangyou, and could not get rid of the eunuch Huang Hao, who interfered in the affairs of the dynasty, these two points are easy to understand, but he also said that "Jiang Wei cannot be controlled outside", as if Jiang Wei had some serious crimes, what was going on?
Here first talk about Jiang Wei.
Jiang Wei served in the State of Wei in his early years, and in the sixth year of Jianxing (228), when Zhuge Liang sent troops from Qishan to attack Tianshui, Tianshui Taishou suspected that Jiang Wei had different intentions, left him and fled, Jiang Wei could not enter the city, had nowhere to go, and had to defect to the Shu army. After Zhuge Liang examined Jiang Wei's talents in many ways, he began to reuse him. Jiang Wei was also loyal to Zhuge Liang, and after the deaths of Jiang Wei and Fei Yi, Jiang Wei became a general of the Shu state.
Everyone in the Shu Kingdom knew that Jiang Wei was loyal and loyal, and the later lord Liu Chan also relied heavily on him. Until the Wei army entered Shu, Zhuge Zhan's army was defeated, and Liu Chan decided to submit to the State of Wei, Jiang Wei also led his troops to defend against the Wei army at Jianmen Pass. Only after receiving the order was forced to abandon resistance.
Then, why did Zhuge Zhan hate Jiang Wei so much? The reason is simple, Jiang Wei loyally carried out Zhuge Liang's legacy of the Northern Expedition, and most of the Shu state believed that he was poor in military force.
The Notes of Pei Song of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms mentions that after Zhuge Zhan, Dong Yue and Fan Jian jointly took charge of the affairs of the Shu state, because Jiang Wei was outside with his troops and was determined to carry out the Northern Expedition, Zhuge Zhan thought that Jiang Wei was warlike and fruitless, and that the people were hurting their wealth, and asked Liu Chan, the lord of Shu, to relieve Jiang Wei of his military power and let the right general Yan Yu replace him. However, Liu Chan did not approve.
Jiang Wei's military ability was not excellent, but he understood Zhuge Liang's strategic thinking the most. Zhuge Liang said in the "Table of Later Departures" that although the Shu kingdom has natural dangers, it is easy to defend and difficult to attack, but it is not a place to sit and defend, rather than sit and wait, it is better to attack and defend, the Northern Expedition to the Central Plains, Guo Zuo may be longer. Jiang Wei was well aware of the principle that forgetting the war would be dangerous, and from a strategic point of view, he was not wrong to launch the Northern Expedition.
Zhuge Zhan opposed Jiang Wei's Northern Expedition, but his views on major state affairs were different, and it was said that there was nothing wrong with it. But Zhuge Zhan had a problem recommending Yan Yu to replace Jiang Wei. Yan Yu was a close confidant of the eunuch Huang Hao, and Huang Hao had always been jealous of Jiang Wei and wanted to overthrow him and make Yan Yu a general.
Yan Yu also had some talent and had made military merits. However, in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", it is said that his talent was under the Shu general Ma Zhong, and moreover, he also speculated in the camp and took Huang Hao's path. If such a person were to be a great general of the Shu Kingdom, of course, there would be no Northern Expedition, but the Shu Army would definitely be worse, and it is difficult to say whether the Shu State would perish early.
According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Zhan also hated Huang Hao, and the two had no contact. However, Zhuge Zhan also proposed to let Yan Yu replace Jiang Wei, which was a problem, which was tantamount to being in cahoots with Huang Hao.
In fact, Zhuge Liang saw very early that his beloved son Zhuge Zhan could not become a great instrument, and once wrote to his brother Zhuge Jin that the child was eight years old, intelligent and lovely, but precocious, "I am afraid it is not a heavy instrument ear."
After all, Zhuge Zhan was the son of Shu Han Cheng Xiang, and the people of shu remembered Zhuge Liang, loved Wu and Wu, and also highly respected Zhuge Zhan. If the court of the Shu state implemented some kind of measure to benefit the country and the people, it was not Zhuge Zhan's initiative, and the common people were also rumored to be his credit. Zhuge Zhan's reputation in the Shu kingdom was very high, but it was not worthy of his name.
It can be said that Zhuge Zhan was facing his father's aura, but he was killed by his reputation, and he was only 37 years old when he was defeated and killed. In a high position, and his talent and wisdom are lacking, although Zhuge Zhan died for the loyalty of the country, to some extent, he was also the promoter of the decline of the Shu kingdom.
Reference: "Sangokushi", etc.