University scholars, originated in the Tang Dynasty period, their own duties to assist the emperor in approving the reading of chapters, drafting edicts, etc., now everyone refers to the university scholars of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Thirteen years after the Ming Dynasty's Taizu Hongwu, the chancellor Hu Weiyong was reprimanded for his crimes, Zhu Yuanzhang took this opportunity to depose Zhongshu Province, abolished the system of chancellors that lasted more than two thousand years, and informed that posterity should not re-establish the chancellor, and the six ministries that were originally led by the emperor were directly controlled by the emperor, the imperial power was greatly strengthened, and the emperor became more and more tired, according to the "Records of Ming Taizu", in the 14th to 21st of September of the seventeenth year of Hongwu, there were 1660 pieces of various departments in 8 days, involving 3291 government affairs, on average, if calculated, Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang had to approve as many as 207 official documents a day and handled more than 411 government affairs.
Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang
Due to the excessive workload, Zhu Yuanzhang set up the Imperial Court University as an adviser to the emperor, but in the early days, the university scholars did not have real power, only similar to today's secretaries, and the grade was only five products, but later the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty did not pay attention to political affairs more and more, so the status of the university scholars was getting higher and higher, and in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the university scholars often served as the three dukes and Shangshu, and the status was increasingly respected, and some university scholars, although they did not have the name of the prime minister, were not much different from the prime minister.
He Yan was a former scholar of Mandarin University
In the Qing Dynasty, the rank of university scholar was raised to Zhengyipin, which became the highest-ranking official position in the official system, and was gradually fixed as a member of the Three Halls and Three Pavilions University, namely Bohol Hall University Fellow, Wu Yingdian University Fellow, Wenhuadian University Fellow, WenyuanGe University Fellow, Tirenge University Fellow, and Dongge University Fellow. In the history of the Qing Dynasty, there were many famous courtiers who held the position of university scholar, such as He Yan, Li Hongzhang, who was a scholar of Wenhuadian University, Zeng Guofan was once a scholar of Wuyingdian University, and it was not easy to achieve the position of university scholar in the Qing Dynasty, for example, Ji Xiaolan, who is more familiar with him, only achieved the assistant university scholar in his lifetime, and there is always a step away from the university scholar, but there are some exceptions, such as the following few, both father and son have achieved university scholars.
1. Zhang Ying, Zhang Tingyu father and son
Zhang Ying , a chancellor during the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty , was a kangxi scholar in the sixth year of the Kangxi Examination , and successively served as the chief officer of the revision of the "History of the State", "Yi Tong Zhi", "Yuanjian Class Letter", "Political Canon", and "Pacifying shuo desert strategy", and in 1699 AD, the Kangxi Emperor promoted Zhang Ying to the position of Xiang and appointed him as a scholar of Wenhuadian University and a shangshu of the Ministry of Rites. However, compared to his son, Zhang Ying's fame is not so great, because his son is called Zhang Tingyu.
Zhang Ying, the father of Zhang Tingyu, was a scholar of Mandarin University
Zhang Tingyu, the second son of the university scholar Zhang Ying, was a scholar of the Kangxi Dynasty in the thirty-ninth year, was awarded the title of Shu Jishi of the Hanlin Academy, was awarded the review of the Hanlin Academy in the forty-second year, joined the Southern Study Room the following year, entered the center of power, and in the Kangxi Dynasty Zhang Tingyu official to the Left Attendant of the Punishment Department, and gradually emerged. After the Yongzheng Emperor ascended the throne, Zhang Tingyu ushered in the golden age of his eunuch career, successively serving as the Libu Shangshu, the Hubu Shangshu, and the Official Shangshu, and in the sixth year of Yongzheng, he was crowned as a scholar of the Bohol Temple, and the following year the Yongzheng Emperor set up a military aircraft department in the Longzong Gate, Zhang Tingyu and the Prince of Yi, Yinxiang, and Jiang Tingxi, and the main system of the Military Aircraft Department was planned and formulated by him, laying the foundation for the establishment of the political system of the Qing Dynasty. When the Yongzheng Emperor died of illness in the thirteenth year of Yongzheng, Zhang Tingyu was elected as one of the ministers to assist the Qianlong Emperor and left him to enjoy the Taimiao Temple, and in the history of the Qing Dynasty for more than two hundred years, Zhang Tingyu was the only Hanchen who could be worthy of the Taimiao Temple.
2. Fu Heng, Fu Kang'an father and son
Fu Heng was a former scholar of Bohol Temple
Fu Heng, a Manchurian yellow flag man, the grandson of Shangshu Misihan of the Kangxi Dynasty, the son of Li Rongbao, the governor of Chahar, the younger brother of Empress Xiaoxianchun of the Qianlong Emperor, and the fifth year of Qianlong's official lanling guard, in the next seven years, Fu Heng quickly promoted a six-pin petty official to a senior official from a single pin at a rocket-like speed, and the speed was staggering. In the thirteenth year of Qianlong, Fu Heng, acting governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi as a Hubu Shangshu and an assistant university scholar, went to quell the great and small Jinchuan rebellion, and was soon awarded the title of Bohol Temple University scholar, and after the great and small Jinchuan rebellion was put down, Fu Heng was awarded the title of first-class loyal and courageous duke for his merits, and was given the jewel top and the four regiments of dragons to supplement the service. After quelling the rebellion of the Dzungars, Fu Heng was again awarded the title of First Class Zhongyong Duke for his merits, and because he had been made a first-class Zhongyong Duke in the Battle of Jinchuan, it was a great grace to be re-enthroned, and later the Qianlong Emperor displayed more than a hundred portraits of meritorious heroes in the Ziguang Pavilion, and Fu Heng ranked first. Later, after Fu Heng's death due to illness, the Qianlong Emperor personally went to his mansion to offer wine in front of the ling, and gave him the title of king of the county during the Jiaqing Dynasty, and in addition, the post of scholar of the Bohol Temple was never awarded to anyone else after Fu Heng's death.
Fu Kang'an, the son of Fu Heng, was a former scholar of Wu Yingdian University
Fu Kang'an, the third son of the university scholar Fu Heng, Qianlong inherited the rank of Lieutenant of Yun In the thirty-second year, was awarded the third class bodyguard, and four years later became the Right Attendant of Hubu and the deputy capital of Mongolia with the blue flag, and was awarded the title of Third Class Jia Yong Male for his merits in the Battle of Jinchuan, Qianlong was awarded the post of Jilin General in the forty-second year, and later transferred to the General of Shengjing and held the position of Yipin Martial. Fifty-three years after Qianlong, Fu Kang'an led an army to quell the Lin Shuangwen Rebellion in Taiwan, and later participated in the Battle of Gorka to quell the Gurkha Rebellion, ensuring the tranquility of the Qing Dynasty's borders and the stability of Tibetan society, and successfully maintaining the territorial integrity of the Qing Dynasty, Fu Kang'an was awarded the title of Wuyingdian University Scholar for his merits, and was awarded the title of First Class Zhongrui Jiayong Duke, and in the sixty years of Qianlong was awarded the title of Beizi for quelling the Miaojiang Rebellion, the first person outside the clan to be alive and was given such a prominent title, and later Fu Kang'an was posthumously awarded the title of King of Jiayong County after his death. No wonder everyone else suspected that he was the illegitimate son of the Qianlong Emperor.
3. Liu Tongxun, Liu Yong father and son
Liu Tongxun, a famous minister of the Qing Dynasty, was elected as a Shu Jishi of the Hanlin Academy in the second year of the Yongzheng Dynasty, and served as an editor, during the Yongzheng period, he successively served as the Southern Study Room Walker, the Upper Study Room Walk, and Zhan Shi, qianlong was promoted to the cabinet bachelor in the first year, promoted to the rank of Punishment Department Attendant in the following year, Qianlong was awarded the Left Capital Imperial History of the Metropolitan Inspection Yuan in the sixth year, responsible for supervising the hundred officials of the imperial court, and was famous for participating in the university scholar Zhang Tingyu and the official Shangshu Ne. In the seventeenth year of Qianlong, Liu Tongxun entered the core power of the empire and served as a walker in the military aircraft department, which won the trust of the Qianlong Emperor. In the 26th year of Qianlong, Liu Tongxun served as a scholar of Dongge University, and later served as the president of the "Four Libraries of the Whole Book", and after his death, he was posthumously given the title of Taifu (太傅) and his courtesy name Wenzheng (文正).
Liu Yong, son of Liu Tongxun, was a former scholar of Tirenge University
Liu Yong was the eldest son of Liu Tongxun, the prototype of Liu Luoguo in the TV series, Qianlong sixteen years of examination in the middle of the jinshi, was awarded the Hanlin Yuan Shu Jishi, soon promoted to a waiter, opened the beginning of his career. From the 21st year of Qianlong, Liu Yong was sent to the local government as an official, and for the next 21 years he mainly served in the local government, successively serving as Anhui Xuezheng, Jiangsu Xuezheng, Taiyuan Prefect and Jiangning Prefect, during which he was honest and capable, and was deeply praised by the Qianlong Emperor. In the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong, Liu Tongxun died of illness, Liu Yong stayed at home to guard filial piety, and after the expiration of the period of filial piety, he was awarded the title of Cabinet Scholar and joined the Southern Study, and later Liu Yong was successively sent to the posts of Inspector of Hunan and Directly Subordinate to the Governor, but Liu Yong in the later Qianlong period often made mistakes in doing things, and was repeatedly reprimanded by the emperor, and his official reputation gradually deteriorated. In the first year of Jiaqing, Hubu Shangshu Dong Yu was awarded a university scholar, but Liu Yong, who had more seniority, was excluded, although in the second year of Jiaqing Liu Yong was awarded the Title of Tirenge University Scholar, but he was still accused by the emperor of never being willing to do things sincerely, working lazily, and saying that he was promoted because there was no one else, and this face was also cracked.
4. Yin Tai, Yin Jishan, QingGui's grandson
Yin Tai, a Manchurian yellow flag bearer, was awarded the title of Attendant of the Hanlin Academy in the 27th year of the Kangxi Dynasty, and later successively served as the Supervisor of the State Son, the Leader of Jinzhou, etc. After the Yongzheng Emperor ascended the throne, he was awarded the Title of Cabinet Scholar, and later moved to the Ministry of Works, Zuo Du Yushi, and yongzheng was awarded the Title of Scholar of Dongge University in the seventh year, and also the Shangshu of the Bingbu Department.
Yin Jishan, son of Yin Tai, father of Qinggui, was a former scholar of Mandarin University
Yin Jishan, yin Tai's son, Yongzheng yuannian jinshi, deeply loved by the Yongzheng Emperor, Yongzheng six years later sent to jiangsu inspector, when Chinese New Year's Eve two years old, the following year promoted to governor of Hehe, Yongzheng nine years as the viceroy of Liangjiang, after which except for Qianlong 2nd year to Qianlong 5th year in Beijing as Shangshu, Yin Jishan continued to serve as a feudal governor, until Qianlong thirty years to summon the capital division. After returning to Beijing, Yin Jishan was awarded the title of Scholar of The Mandarin Temple, and was also in charge of the Military Department and the Chief Master of the Upper Study, and was said to be "Ronghua Crown Jiuqing".
Qinggui, the fourth son of Yin Jishan, was awarded the positions of Foreign Lang of the Household Department, Zhang Jing of the Military Machine, a bachelor of the Cabinet of Ministers, a minister of military aircraft in Qianlong in the thirty-sixth year, and later transferred to the minister of counselor of Ili, from then until the forty-ninth year of Qianlong, he successively served as general of Uria Sutai, general of Shengjing, and general of Jilin, and later entered Beijing to serve as a shangshu of the Ministry of Works and a shangshu of the bingbu, and Jiaqing was awarded the title of scholar of Wenyuange University and the premier of the punishment department for four years.