preface
Pictured| Zhang Aiping
On April 16, 1930, in the middle of the night when five fingers were missing, 11 peasants braved the pouring rain to bury the body of a senior Red Army general in a field called "Duozikou", but they did not have time to erect a monument and mark the senior general, so they left in a hurry.....
So who was this high-ranking general who was hastily buried by the peasants? Why did he die? And why was he buried in a hurry?
And this series of puzzles was not unveiled until 35 years later by Admiral Zhang Aiping, who was former vice premier of the State Council, state councilor and minister of national defense...
He Kun escaped from the "Devil's Cave" three times
The hastily buried senior general named He Kun, who was hastily buried by the founding general Zhang Aiping for 35 years.
In September 1898, He Kun was born in Niutouxia Village, Jindi Township, Yongxing County, Hunan Province, since childhood, He Kun has practiced a good martial art, he has a martial arts body, he also has a chivalrous liver and courage, often see someone bullying people, he will always go up to see the righteous and courageous.
At the age of 20, in order to make a living, He Kun's family followed his father to a small town called Pingshi in the southern foothills of the Nanling Mountains in the northernmost part of Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province, and made a living by relying on the "Jinshengtai" inn.
At that time, in addition to helping his father run a small inn, He Kun would often carry the goods to sell and sell goods, and because of this, He Kun had extensive contact with all levels of society, which also allowed him to accept many progressive ideas earlier.
At the age of 27, He Kun was admitted to the fourth term of the Whampoa Military Academy, during which time he was influenced by Premier Zhou and other Communist Party members, and later, He Kun was assigned to the Whampoa Military Academy Guangxi Nanning Branch to study, and in March 1927, he was elected as a member of the Supervisory Committee of the Kuomintang Special Party Department of the Whampoa Military Academy, using this as a cover to actively engage in revolutionary work of the Party.
One morning in the winter of 1928, He Kun was arrested in Wuhan city on suspicion of the Communist Party and imprisoned in the dungeon of the Wuhan Municipal RegimentAl Defense Bureau.
This dungeon is very special, it is a basement of more than ten square meters, and the reason why this dungeon is special is because it is surrounded by large stones, there are no windows or doors, only a thick iron plate covered from top to bottom is the door of this dungeon, and there are three or four bowl-sized holes in this thick iron plate, which is the window of this dungeon.
Three days after He Kun was imprisoned, he found that no one had asked any more questions except for the guards who brought him food and often took pictures from those holes with a flashlight, which also made He Kun very curious, he had also thought about escaping, but there were wings in this dungeon that were difficult to escape, and it was not as easy to escape as he had been arrested twice before.
He Kun was first arrested in the early hours of April 12, 1927
On that day, Nanning suddenly fell into a bloody storm, following the arrest of Zhou Feiyu and 9 other people in the political department of the Nanning Branch, more than 200 trainees such as He Kun and Lei Peitao were arrested, and the principal was also dismissed, and for a time there was a very chaotic situation in the school.
Because of the large number of people arrested, He Kun and more than 200 other people were locked up in a large classroom, taking advantage of the chaos, He Kun took two alumni, relying on a martial art he had trained when he was young, to turn the danger into a disaster, and then he hurriedly disguised himself as an ordinary citizen and traveled a long way to Guangzhou to find the party organization.
The second arrest was in Guangzhou
He Kun was assigned by the party organization to the suburbs of Shijiao to organize the peasants to participate in the Guangzhou uprising, and later because the enemy was too strong, the Guangzhou uprising unfortunately lost, He Kun was also unfortunately arrested in the Huangsha train, and about 200 comrades were arrested at the same time as him, and they were sent to the Star Cinema on West Huifu Road in Guangzhou.
Just when He Kun was thinking about how to escape, the cinema happened to have a power outage, which made He Kun have an idea, he took advantage of the darkness, and together with several young people, he set up the human body, and soon they escaped.
Pictured| He Kun
whereas
This time, it was He Kun's third arrest
But unlike the previous two times, this time only He Kun was detained, and he kept thinking about how he could get out.
Suddenly, He Kun suddenly thought of He Zhenxin, a major officer in the Wuhan Garrison District, who was both a fellow villager and a very good alumnus of the Whampoa Military Academy, although the two were separated for some time later, but this time when He Kun first arrived in Wuhan, he also lived in He Zhenxin's new mansion for a few days, and after talking, he knew that He Zhenxin's friendship with himself was still there.
Thinking of this, He Kun felt that only He Zhenxin came forward to rescue himself would not have too much of a problem, but how to make He Zhenxin come forward also made He Kun a little annoyed, after careful consideration, He Kun felt that this request had to be mentioned by himself and the enemy, so he ate the breakfast and dinner sent by the enemy as a meal in the evening, and secretly prepared for a tongue battle with the enemy.
However, in fact, He Kun was not arraigned after three days in prison, which is He Zhenxin's new strength.
Because on the day of He Kun's arrest, He Zhenxin had already learned of this news, in order to rescue He Kun, He Zhenxin moved around, insisting that He Kun was a Member of the Kuomintang and not a Communist Party, and was a member of the Supervision Committee of the Kuomintang Special Party Department of the Whampoa Military Academy, and also presented a lot of evidence at that time.
In addition, He Zhenxin also testified that He Kun did not come to Wuhan to engage in any Communist Party liaison, but to visit him as a fellow countryman and old classmate.
Finally, after investigating from many parties, the Kuomintang reactionary authorities determined that "He Kun was a member of the Supervisory Committee of the Kuomintang Special Party Department of the Whampoa Military Academy, and although he had committed deviant behavior, he was not yet a communist party member," and released He Kun on the fourth day.
He Kun died heroically
In September 1929, He Kun followed the Party Central Committee in Shanghai, and in the winter of that year, the revolutionary situation developed very rapidly, and the armed forces of workers and peasants in several areas of northern Jiangsu had grown to more than 1,000 people, as well as hundreds of guns.
Under these circumstances, the PARTY Central Committee and the Central Military Commission decided to take advantage of this favorable situation to establish the Fourteenth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in northern Jiangsu, and also decided that He Kun would be the commander of the army, Li Chaoshi would be the political commissar, Xue Hengjing would be the chief of staff, And Yu Naicheng would be the director of the political department, with two detachments under his jurisdiction, and He Kun concurrently serving as the commander of the second detachment.
In addition, the Central Military Commission also decided to secretly set up a red fourteenth army communication office in Shanghai Kadluswenli, with Song Zixiang in charge of the office's work.
In the middle of the night of the bitter winter, everything was silent, and He Kun, who had accepted the appointment of the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission, was boiling with blood and could not sleep for a long time, and in the middle of the night, he got up and wrote this letter to his wife with a pen:
"I opened a hostel in Shanghai, life is OK, I am going to study in Japan, just this letter, I hope not to read ..."
In fact, this letter is not as simple as He Kun wrote, before leaving his wife, he has already told his wife the "password" in some letters, in this letter " into" and "such as" homophony, "Japanese" two words can be combined into "Gao", "guerrilla" can also be read as "study tour", He Kun actually told his wife is:
He was about to go to Rugao County in Jiangsu Province to fight guerrillas
。
One night in January 1930, the cold wind and lonely moonlight sprinkled on the Huangpu River, and at this moment, He Kun (pseudonym Li Weisen), Zhang Aiping, he Yang, a traffic officer of the Red Fourteenth Army, escorted He Kun (pseudonym Li Weisen), Zhang Aiping, and He Yang from the Huangpu River to the Sixteenth Shop Dada Steamship Dock, from here they left Shanghai by boat, accompanied by the director of the Political Department of the Red Fourteenth Army.
Pictured| General Zhang Aiping
Soon, He Kun and the others successfully arrived in Rugao Xixiang, Jiangbei, and immediately after arriving, they began to plan the formation and training of the troops.
Among them, He Kun personally grasped the military training of the guerrillas and gave various demonstration actions to the fighters to provide the combat quality of the troops. The warriors came from peasants and had no professional military training, and when they saw He Kun's skillful military movements, they were very impressed and amazed.
In order to be able to strike at the enemy flexibly and flexibly, He Kun imitated the formation situation of the Jiangxi Red Guards and organized a "shuttle dart team" with two rifles and five shuttle darts.
With the development of the guerrillas of the Red Army, soon the Red Army troops expanded to a position not far from the enemy's strongholds, for which the enemy's strongholds could only retreat one after another, and the local gentry fled to large towns or strongholds for refuge.
In March 1930, in order to uproot the enemy's stronghold and also to test the combat effectiveness of the troops, He Kun decided to lead the troops to attack the Chang'an stronghold, which had only more than twenty guns.
After having this idea, He Kun first mobilized the troops, and in close coordination with the county party committee, organized some of the masses to participate in the war, and the masses mainly used local weapons such as shuttle darts, large knives, iron forks, and shotguns, plus firecrackers and other encouragement in foreign oil barrels to confuse the enemy.
After nightfall, the troops set out from Gejiabao, and it did not take long to enter the position, forming an encirclement, at this time, under the order of He Kun, the troops launched an attack on the enemy from three sides, and for a time, the soldiers and civilians "rushed!" "Kill!" The shouts and gunshots were mixed with the sound of firecrackers in oil barrels, like giant thunder.
It did not take long for the enemy in the Chang'an stronghold to flee, and in this battle, more than 20 guns and dozens of rows of bullets were finally captured, and not a single Red Army soldier was wounded.
One day in early April, the CPC Tonghai Special Committee and the Red Fourteenth Army Headquarters held a meeting to celebrate the founding of the army in the southwest township of Rugao. The deputies of the Special Committee announced the formal establishment of the Red Fourteenth Army, read out the list of leading cadres in accordance with the arrangements of the Central Committee and the Central Military Commission, and issued the "Letter to the Workers and Peasants and All Revolutionary Masses."
Pictured| Memorial Hall of the 14th Red Army
The masses beat gongs and drums and set off firecrackers, and then He Kun ordered the troops to hold a military parade, and the newly formed brigades were led by Zhang Aiping, the leader of each brigade, and others, and circled around the field.
Since then, the commanders and fighters of the Red Fourteenth Army have united as one, and with the active cooperation of the broad masses of the people, they have eliminated many enemy strongholds in Nantong, Rugao, and other places.
In order to further develop the excellent situation in northern Jiangsu, the Red Fourteenth Army and the Tonghai Special Committee decided to attack Rugao Laohuzhuang one after another, which is located in the southwest of Rugao in northern Jiangsu and is the throat area connecting the guerrilla areas on the east and west sides of Rugao.
Lao Huzhuang's enemies often looted property and killed the revolutionary masses, which made the surrounding people hate these enemies to the bone.
On the morning of April 16, 1930, the enemy of Lao huzhuang did not know that there were troops of the Red Fourteenth Army stationed nearby, and another officer was carried, and dozens of soldiers flew to the Wujiazhuang area to harass them.
Seeing that the situation was not good, the enemy fled back to Lao huzhuang in a hurry, and He Kun, who had rushed to the scene to command the news, ordered the troops to stand guard on the spot, and immediately held an emergency meeting on the position, and according to the strong demands of the masses, the meeting decided that this was a favorable opportunity to repel the enemy, so that it would be convenient to besiege Lao Huzhuang that night and pull out this nail that was "inserted in" the hearts of the common people.
At night, He Kun commanded his troops to approach Lao huzhuang, and the battle soon began, the enemy blocked by the river, and a large group launched three or four consecutive strong attacks, but they were unsuccessful.
Seeing the situation, He Kun immediately summoned Zhang Aiping and others who were in charge of the main offensive task to discuss, and decided to change the plan of the strong attack, concentrate firepower to break through from the east, and strive to lay down Lao huzhuang before dawn.
Subsequently, He Kun clenched his fists and said in an oath:
"Comrades, the old huzhuang is a copper wall and an iron wall, and we must also attack it."
At this time, the sky was gradually brightening, and in order to win the battle, He Kun took a hand-held machine gun and shouted: "Comrades, rush with me!" ”
After a fierce attack, the Red Army quickly occupied the grain field at the east end of Laohuzhuang, but after dawn, the Red Army soldiers could not break through the grain field, at that time, they were only a few tens of meters away from the enemy's command center, as long as they rushed over, the enemy would be finished, but because these tens of meters of road and city were blocked by enemy machine gun fire, the soldiers failed to charge several times, and everyone was very anxious about this.
Faced with this situation, He Kun directly rolled up his sleeves, grabbed the hand-held machine gun, his face was iron blue, stared at the enemy's dropped bag with both eyes, and said to Zhang Aiping, the leader of the second brigade next to him:
"Old Zhang, let me deal with the enemy on the turret, if you don't hurry up and end the battle, the enemy in Rugao City will be difficult to rely on!"
Figure | Scene of He Kun attacking Lao Huzhuang (statue)
With that, He Kun jumped to the wheatgrass pile, exposed his half-cut body, and fired a fierce shot at the enemy's turret with his hand-held machine gun, and for a moment, the enemy's machine gun was muted, at which time He Kun shouted: "Communists! Rush! Hearing this, the soldiers got up and rushed to the turret.
Suddenly, He Kun was hit by the enemy's shells and fell straight down, blood flowing from his chest that he was covering with his hands, Zhang Aiping hurried to help, shouting loudly: "Commander, commander!" ”
He Kun opened his eyes, pushed the machine gun clenched in his hand to Zhang Aiping's side, and murmured, "Fight! Kombat! Leave me alone! ”
Zhang Aiping hugged He Kun tightly and shouted desperately in her mouth, "Commander! Captains! ”
But at this time, He Kun was still pushing Zhang Aiping forward, and said with difficulty: "Leave me alone!" again...... rush! Punch again! Be sure to take down the old household..... Old....."
Before he could finish speaking, He Kun's eyes were tightly closed, and his head was already tilted into Zhang Aiping's arms.
At this time, the enemy's gunshots sounded again, zhang Aiping wiped the tears from the corners of her eyes, gently put down the commander lying in her arms, lifted the machine gun, and shouted loudly: "Comrades rush!" Avenge our commander. ”
The commanders and fighters of the Red Fourteenth Army rushed forward with the same enemy, but the troops were blocked and had to retreat in the direction they had come.
On the way, the soldiers carried the bloodied commander He Kun to a ruined land temple for a short rest, but He Kun never waited for the doctor to heal his wounds, and he died heroically, this year, he was only 32 years old.
Zhang Aiping searched for He Kun's bones for 35 years
After He Kun's sacrifice, the soldiers carried the body of the commander to Western Yanzhuang with great grief, but because the enemy was constantly chasing and blocking, they could not personally bury the commander, so the troops had to hand over He Kun's body to the local peasant association to organize the masses to collect and bury.
Picture | General Zhang Aiping's poem "Remembering Commander He Kun"
However, out of the need for secrecy, the troops did not tell the masses that the deceased was He Kun, a senior communist general, so the peasant association organization borrowed a coffin, let eleven peasants take advantage of the night, braved the rainstorm, and hastily buried the loyal bones of the martyrs, without even leaving any signs, which also added great difficulty to the future search for He Kun's bones.
Although Zhang Aiping and He Kun spent a very short time together, they formed a very deep friendship between them, especially He Kun's spirit of loving soldiers like sons, being a pioneer, daring to do something, and not being afraid of sacrifice, which left a very deep impression on Zhang Aiping's mind.
After He Kun's sacrifice, Zhang Aiping often thought about his own military commander, and he thought that the best way to comfort the heroic soul of the martyr was to let the martyr really go into the ground for safety, which also made him hang the memory of finding He Kun's loyal bones in his heart, but when he went to mourn many years later, he found that there was only a piece of wild grass, and he could not find He Kun's loyal bones at all.
In the years since, Zhang Aiping has ordered the search for He Kunzhong's bones 6 times, although the previous times have not been found, but Zhang Aiping has never given up.
Picture | the site of He Kun's tomb
In 1940, the New Fourth Army established the Soviet-Chinese anti-Japanese base area in the Tonghai and Rutai areas. In 1942, Zhang Aiping commissioned the CCP's Secretary of the West County Party Committee, Zhou Tefu, and others to send people to search for He Kun's grave, but found nothing.
After liberation, Zhang Aiping, who was in an important position, still did not let him look for He Kunzhong's bones, and sent special people to Rugao to search for them four times in 1952, 1956, 1957 and 1958, but there was still no result.
In September 1964, in the 35th year of He Kun's sacrifice, Zhang Aiping instructed the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Civil Affairs to ask Zhou Fang, the political commissar of the Fifth Battalion of the Red Fourteenth Army, to come to Xiyanzhuang, Shengli Township, Rugao County, to look for He Kun's loyal bones.
After a month of investigation, we finally found the farmer who participated in the burial of He Kun's body, and the only one who is still alive - Sun Guomin.
After his guidance and several twists and turns, he finally found the preparatory location for He Kun's tomb in the middle of a vegetable field in the middle of a vegetable field in zhuangbei.
After finding He Kun's tomb, the forensic doctor of the Public Security Department still conducted an inspection and appraisal, after all, He Kun was a senior general of the Red Army and a martyr, and his identity must be accurately determined.
After identification, it was confirmed that the height of the body and the teeth (gold teeth) were fully in line with the characteristics of He Kun, and the injured part was also completely consistent with the injured part of He Kun.
The Civil Affairs Section of Rugao County immediately issued the "Investigation Report on the Cemetery of the Martyr He Kun, Commander of the Red Fourteenth Army", which determined that He Kun's remains had been found.
The figure | an investigation report on the he kun cemetery
At this time, Sun Guomin knew that what he and his fellow villagers had personally buried was He Kun, the commander of the Red Fourteenth Army, who was famous and frightened the enemy.
Soon, Zhou Yi handed over the report on the founding of He Kun's remains to Zhang Aiping, and after Zhang Aiping received the report, she was both sad and happy, and the sad thing was that the military commander He Kun could not see the liberation of the whole country, and he was glad that he could finally comfort He Kun's spirit in heaven, and he could also send the mourning of his comrades and the masses.
After a long time, Zhang Aiping said with some excitement:
"35 years, it's not easy, I finally found it!"
On the eve of the Qingming Festival in 1966, according to the instructions of Zhang Aiping and the Civil Affairs Department of Jiangsu Province, He Kundezhong's bones were cremated and placed in the Rugao County Martyrs' Museum.
In 1992, the ashes of the martyr He Kun were moved to the newly completed Rugao Martyrs Cemetery for burial.
In the long river of history, there are not a few martyrs like He Kun, but their greatest merit lies not in their achievements, but in their spirit of always being loyal to the people and having the courage to sacrifice, and it is precisely their spirit that deserves everyone's remembrance of them.