Question/What did the State of Qin do, and why did the talents who belonged to the State of Wei all run to the State of Qin?
Article statement: This article belongs to the original content of "Not Easy Gentleman", please respect the original, please contact this number for reprinting.
Photo Statement:
Misappropriation warning: This number has signed a contract with the "Rights Defender Knight", which can monitor the theft of articles on the whole network in real time, please abide by the moral bottom line, and do not reach out and be caught!
In 381 BC, the 21-year-old Duke Xiao of Qin took the throne, and at the beginning of his reign, he issued a decree that made all the countries of the world tremble and made the talents of the world ecstatic.
According to the "History of Qin Benji", it is written:
"In the past, Mu Gong was between himself and Yong, cultivating virtue and martial arts, and the Eastern Ping and Jin Dynasties were bounded by rivers; the West Wasrong Zhai, and the vast land was thousands of miles. The Son of Heaven to the Bo, the princes of Bihe, for the future generations to open, very beautiful. The restlessness of the people who will go forward, the impatience, the simple duke, the son of the son, the internal worries of the country, not to mention the foreign affairs, the three Jin Dynasty attacked and seized the western land of our ancestors, the princes were humble, and the ugliness was great. The Duke of Xian took the throne, the town of the border, the migration of Queyang, and the desire to go east, restore mu gong's hometown, and repair Mu Gong's government decree. The widow misses the will of the ancestors, and often hurts in the heart. The guests and courtiers have those who can make a surprising plan to strengthen the Qin, and I respect the officials and divide the land with them. ”
"Those who can make a surprising plan to strengthen Qin, I respect the officials, and divide the land with them", a sentence shows that Qin Xiaogong's mood of seeking wisdom is thirsty, and also sees the difficulties faced by Great Qin. It has also opened up the road of talent introduction in the Qin Kingdom of "eclectic and degrading talents".
Since then, the talents of the Six Kingdoms have continuously entered the Qin Kingdom and contributed to the unification of the world by the Great Qin. Most of them belonged to the State of Wei. Today we will look at why the talents of the Wei state want to run to the Qin state.
I. Where does the Qin Kingdom attract talents from all over the world?
1. The State of Qin has created an excellent development environment for talents from the Six Kingdoms
Since ancient times, the Six Kingdoms of Shandong have been deeply influenced by the Shang and Zhou patriarchal system, and in the appointment and selection of officials, the "Shiqing Shilu system" has been adopted.
This system is an official system that began to be implemented during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, "there are public officials in the public gate, there are secretaries in the qingmen, there are often insults in the lowly, there is constant honor in the nobility, and rewards cannot persuade them to work hard, and punishment cannot prevent their laziness." "It is the biggest feature of this system. The gist is that official positions and titles are hereditary and passed down from generation to generation.
This system cuts off the path of promotion for talented people.
Since ancient times, the State of Qin has been weakly influenced by the patriarchal system, so in the selection of officials, there have always been capable people. As soon as Qin Xiaogong's order for meritocracy came out, it greatly attracted talented people from all over the world, and the text "I respect the officials and divide the land with them" gave the talents of the Six Kingdoms a high-ranking official Houlu and a lofty status. Let the talented talents of the six countries have a way to be promoted.
Since ancient times, good birds choose trees to live in, the Qin State has given the talents of the Six Kingdoms a place to display their talents, unlike other countries to test seniority and relationships to obtain official status, in the Qin State, as long as you have the ability to get everything you want.
2. The implementation of the guest secretary system
Successive monarchs of the Qin Dynasty have unswervingly implemented the "guest secretary system" and made it the guarantee of talent introduction policies. The so-called "guest secretary" is to invite people from other princely states to come to the State of Qin as officials, and their position is the secretary of state, and they are treated with courtesy.
The Keqing system of the Qin State is the most comprehensive and thoroughly implemented system in the Seven Kingdoms, for the Keqing, as long as it can pass the internship period, regardless of the level of the door, the profession is noble, all give high-ranking officials Houlu, and even crown the king to worship. In the history of the Qin State, Zhang Yi, Li Si, and others were all distinguished as guest secretaries at the beginning of their entry into qin, and then they worshiped Xiang Guo.
The talents introduced by the Qin State are all practical talents, not Confucian students who are full of morality and benevolence. It focuses on talents such as legalists, Zongheng families, and soldiers who can lead the Qin kingdom to become rich and strong in the world of great controversy. In terms of the use of talents, it is also used according to talent. For the choice of talents, Qin Guo is even more eclectic. Enemies, aliens, rogues, slaves, as long as they have talent, they can all be used.
For example, BaiLi Xi during the Qin Mugong period was a slave, and Zhang Yi, Shang Martin, and Li Si were all from enemy countries.
3. The establishment of the meritorious system after the transformation of the Martingale law
After the Shang martingale reform, the Qin state began to implement the meritorious system, which was not only applied militarily, but also in the selection of officials.
The size of merit is regarded as the basic condition for the selection of officials. The Shang Martingale Transformation Law stipulates that "whoever beheads the enemy first rank, is given a knighthood of the first rank, gives a hundred acres of land, and nine acres of homestead land." ”
Those who want to be officials are thirsty to be officials of fifty stones. Knighthood is divided into twenty grades, knighthood and division are not hereditary, ordinary people can have the opportunity to obtain knighthood because of merit, and the clan nobles are not allowed to be knighted without military merit, and they must also be removed from their family status.
Under this system, in order to obtain the title, the great Qin talents began to contribute their talents to the Qin state at all costs.
The twenty-level military merit system of the Qin state, the highest level of which is "Marquis of Che", and in the final Qin Dynasty, a total of 14 people received this title, they were "Wei Martin, Gongzi Tongguo, Gongzi Yun, Yun Zixuan, Wei Ran, Fan Ju, Lü Buwei, Yan Yi, Wang Li, Wang Ben, Ling Hufan, Li Si, Bai Zhong, and Du He", of which "foreigners" accounted for the vast majority.
Second, how did Wei Guo lose talent?
Most of the talents of the State of Qin came from the State of Wei, and great talents such as The Shang Martingale Gongsun Yan Zhang Yi Fan Ju had served the State of Wei.
So why did Wei Guo have so many talents? Mainly because of the Li Wu transformation method. Li Wu's transformation method took the lead in making the State of Wei strong, so that the people of the world saw the importance that the State of Wei attached to talents. Let the talents of the world flock to it, and Wei Guo will be full of talents in an instant.
But it is also precisely because of the "too many talents" in the State of Wei that the talents of the State of Wei have been seriously lost.
1. In the early Warring States period, Wei Wenhou reused Li Wu and asked him to preside over the change of law. Li Wu's transformation method was very successful, making the State of Wei strong. Becoming the strongest country in the early Warring States period, the talents of the world all came to the State of Wei, and the talents who came to the State of Wei first were naturally high-ranking officials Houlu, but the talents who came to the State of Wei later had almost no good treatment.
2. Talent infighting. There are only a few official positions in the State of Wei, and everyone wants to be a high-ranking official Houlu, so infighting among talents is a common thing, such as Pang Juan and Sun Zhi, Fan Sui and Wei Qi. Both Sun Zhi and Fan Sui left the Wei state because they were deliberately suppressed by others.
3. The wei monarch is short-sighted, and the wei monarch changes the law only for hegemony, not unification. Therefore, it has strong limitations in the selection and appointment of talents. For example, Fan Sui, who has a lofty strategic vision, often turns a blind eye.
Those talents who were depressed in the State of Wei would naturally come to the State of Qin, which bordered the State of Wei, and the policy of the State of Qin to accept talents from all countries also met the needs of these people.
4. Summary
Since ancient times, to govern the country and rejuvenate the country, talent is the most important. The State of Qin was able to achieve great unification, and in addition to the efforts of the kings of various countries, the talents of various countries also made great contributions to the unification of Great Qin. Shang Martingale changed the law to strengthen Qin, Zhang Yilian crossed diplomacy, Fan Sui's long-distance and close-range attacks, and so on. They all contributed their strength to the strength of the Qin state.
Qin Mugong's order to seek merit, so that the world's talents flowed to the Qin state, only provided an opportunity for the rise of the Qin state, and the Qin monarch could reasonably use this opportunity, which was the fundamental reason for the strength of the Qin state.