Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were both famous generals of the Three Kingdoms, both ranked among the Five Tiger Generals of the Shu Han Dynasty, and both made great military achievements for Liu Bei's establishment of the Shu Han Dynasty; but the historical status was something that Zhang Fei could not compare at all.
In the eyes of posterity, Guan Yu is the god of war that must not be uncompromising, do not believe please see the words about him: single knife to the meeting, scraping bones to cure poison, five levels to cut six generals, flooding the seven armies; which one is not domineering, swinging intestines.
And Zhang Fei gives people the impression that in addition to the brave champion of the three armies, it is reckless, and "Mang Zhang Fei" is his label.
However, it is regrettable that at the time of the fall of the Shu Kingdom, the suffering of their descendants was very different, Zhang Fei's family was safe and sound, but Guan Yu cut off the incense and did not leave a descendant.
The descendants of Liu Bei's senior generals, why is the contrast so great?
Who killed Guan Yu's descendants?
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The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms of Pei Song records: "The Pang DeZihui, sui Chung, Deng Fa Shu, Shu broken, and destroyed the Guan family." ”
The gist is that Pang De's son Pang Hui followed the Chu generals Zhong Hui and Deng Ai to destroy the Shu state, and Shunshi destroyed Guan Yu.
Many people disagree with this view. Their reason was that when Chen Shou composed the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, there was no record of this matter at all.
The "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" explains the whereabouts of Guan Yu's descendants: Guan Yu's own son has only one, named Guan Xing. Guan Xing also had only one son named Guan Tong.
As for Guan Yu's third son, Guan Suo, it is purely a fiction of Mr. Luo Guanzhong.
But one thing is for sure, until now, no one has come up with a family tree to prove that he is Guan Yu's descendant.
Guan Yu is a popular person of successive rulers, whether it is the Yuan Dynasty or the Qing Dynasty Emperor has a lot of respect for Guan Yu, if he really has descendants, there is no need to hide his name.
This is enough to show that Guan Yu is dead. Although this will make many Guan Yu fans emotionally difficult to accept, it is an indisputable fact.
Why did Pang Hui kill Guan Yu's descendants?
Pang Hui was an unknown general, but his father was not a general, and his name was thunderous.
Pang De (朋德), courtesy name Lingming, was a native of Xidao County, Nan'an Commandery (南安郡, in modern Wushan County, Gansu Province), and was initially a general under Ma Teng.
After Ma Teng was recaptured by Cao Cao, Pound had nowhere to go and began to follow Ma Teng's son Ma Chao.
Ma Chao later defected to Zhang Lu in Hanzhong, and soon after followed Liu Bei and became Liu Bei's right-hand man.
However, Pound did not go, remaining under Zhang Lu's command until after Cao Cao pacified Hanzhong in the twentieth year of Jian'an (215), when Pound led his men to join Cao Wei's camp.
In the twenty-third year of Jian'an (218), during the Battle of Xiangfan, Cao Wei's 30,000 horses were flooded by Guan Yu, and Cao Wei's generals were forbidden and Pound was captured.
Yu Ban was afraid of death and surrendered to Guan Yu; Pound preferred to die than surrender.
Guan Yu said, "Your brother Pang Rou is serving under my lord Liu Bei, so why can't you abandon the dark and cast light on the light?" Pound said, "You guy, what the hell!" The King of Wei had millions of soldiers, and he was invincible in all directions. What kind of goods are you Liu Bei, how can you be compared with the King of Wei? I Pound would rather be a thief's ghost than a thief's general!"
Guan Yu saw that Pound was obsessed and had to behead him.
Guan Yu did this, there was no international convention at that time, and it was common to kill the generals who did not surrender.
But the son does not think so, the revenge of killing the father is not shared, and the seeds of hatred are planted in the heart.
As the saying goes, when the Shu kingdom fell, Guan Yu had been ancient for more than 40 years, and Guan Yu's son was no longer there.
The clock should look forward and should not settle old accounts.
However, Pang Hui did not have the demeanor of a general, was not so open-minded, and came to repay the debt of his grandfather, Guan Yu's grandson Guan Yi, and killed the whole family.
Pang would do this against the spirit of his superiors' instructions.
Deng Ai entered Chengdu not from the main road but from the small road, leading not a large army, only more than 20,000 people and horses.
Compared with the strength of the Shu state, there is still a big disparity.
Therefore, he did not approve of the indiscriminate killing of innocents, and did not approve of Pang Hui's behavior.
Zhong Hui led a large army to arrive, hoping to unite with Jiang Wei to plot a rebellion, but also did not approve of the killing.
As a strong party, there is no need to create hatred at the top level of the State of Wei, which can be seen from the attitude of the State of Wei towards Liu Chan.
Therefore, Pang will kill Guan Yu's descendants, which is a complete villainous act.
According to the current view, the indiscriminate killing of non-combatants is a violation of international conventions.
In fact, after Guan Yu captured Pound, if he did not kill him, but continued to imprison him, the rulers of Cao Wei were bound to doubt Pound's loyalty and discriminate against his family.
In this sense, Guan Yu's killing of Pound was not a protection for his family.
Moreover, Guan Yu still respected Pound's opponent, and was not abused before he died, and he was buried after death, which was impeccable.
In any case, a generation of famous guan Yu has no queen.
In contrast, the fate of Zhang Fei's descendants was much better.
- Zhang Fei's second son Zhang Shao , the official to Shu Han Shizhong , Shangshu servant shooting , Shu Han perished not only was not persecuted Zhu Lian, after the surrender of Wei, he was added to the official jin knighthood and made a marquis.
Why did Guan Zhang's descendants suffer so differently? Because Zhang Fei's daughter-in-law has a special status, her daughter's identity is equally powerful.
The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Luo, records:
"In the fifth year of Jian'an, Shi Ba, from the thirteenth and fourth year of his sister's year, in this county, traveled to collect trees, which was obtained by Zhang Fei. Fei knew that she was a good family daughter, so she thought of her as a wife. She was the daughter of Empress Liu Chan. ”
The gist is that Zhang Fei went out for a walk and met a thirteen-year-old girl cutting firewood in the woods, and a story that should not have happened to others happened.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms does not explain Zhang Fei's age, but it does state that after the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out in 184, Zhang Fei and Liu Beiqi suppressed it. Zhang Fei was at least 17 years old at the time, which inferred that Zhang Fei was born in 167.
Jian'an five years for 200 years, when Zhang Fei was 33 years old, met a little girl only 13 years old, and Zhang Fei looked rude, the possibility of free love between the two was equal to zero.
Zhang Fei did not mention his relatives after meeting others, but "got" on the spot, and after getting it, he "knew that she was a good family daughter", how do you know that people are good family women?
In any case, Meng ZhangFei took the family as his wife and gave birth to a daughter named Zhang Xi.
The reason why this woman has a special status is because he is Xiahou Yuan's daughter.
Xiahou Yuan's wife, Ding Shi, was Cao Cao's uncle's daughter, Cao Cao's cousin (said to be Cao Cao's younger sister-in-law).
Zhang Fei's two daughters were also unusual, Zhang Fei's eldest daughter, Zhang Wu was made a crown princess by Liu Channa in the first year of Zhang Wu (221), and in the first year of Jianxing (223), she was made empress, Empress Jingmei.
Zhang Fei's second daughter, Jianxing fifteen years (237) into the palace as a nobleman, Yanxi first year (238) in the first month, after the death of her sister was made empress.
Xiahou Yuan, like Pound, died at the hands of the Shu generals.
The difference is that Pang De was killed by Guan Yu; Xiahou Yuan was killed by Huang Zhong.
According to Pang Hui's logic, Xiahou Yuan's son Xiahou Ba should also go to Huang Zhong's family to take revenge.
But Xiahou Ba did not do that, because after all, he was Empress Liu Chan's uncle and could not kill indiscriminately in the Shu kingdom.
Xiahou Ba arrived in the Shu Kingdom and first met with his niece and son-in-law Liu Chan.
"And bullying into Shu, Zen and meeting."
"The Interpretation of the Word: 'Father Qing was killed in the ear between the lines, and it was not the hand blade of my ancestors.'
"Referring to his son, he said: 'This nephew of the Xiahou clan is also.'" Pampered. ”
—— Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Wei, The ninth biography of Marquis Cao of Zhuxia.
Although Liu Chan asked Xiahou Ba to call him uncle, the two countries were warring countries, and there was no way for others to deal with them.
But Liu Chan was also very clever, first saying to Liu Chan, "Your ancestor (Xiahou Yuan) died in battle, and my father Liu Bei killed him." ”
Then he shouted out his own son: "This is your Uncle of the Xiahou family" Let his son come to him and say to Xiahou Ba, "Look, this is your heavy nephew, who looks much like your Xiahou family." ”
Speaking of this, Xiahou Ba, even if he was full of anger, had to press down and could no longer mention the matter of revenge.
In short, one Zhang Fei did not have a personal vendetta against any of the Cao Wei generals, the second zhang fei's wife had a close relationship with the Cao Wei rulers, and the third Zhang Fei's daughter was the empress of the empress dowager Liu Chan, and Liu Chan was also the target of Cao's united front. Therefore, Zhang Fei's descendants were safe and sound.