Text/Fast Wind
There is a major case in the Three Kingdoms: Pang Hui, the son of Pound De, destroys Guan Yu manmen.
The story of Guan Yu's flooding of the Seventh Army's capture and killing of Pound is familiar to everyone, and what is shocking is the follow-up. The Book of Shu records: "The Pound's Sons will follow Zhong and Deng Fa Shu, and Shu will be destroyed, and the Guan family will be destroyed." ”
Pictured: Pang will extinguish the door
This historical material is controversial among historians, and this article does not discuss where the descendants of Guan Yu came from today, but about the extinction of the door.
One
At that time, The Emperor of the Shu State, Liu Chan, had already surrendered, and Pang Hui's behavior was equivalent to killing and surrendering. More crucially, the State of Wei at that time had a decree that it was strictly forbidden to reinstate personal vendettas.
Pictured: Cao Cao strictly ordered that "the people must not return to their personal vendetta"
Cao Cao once ordered: "The people must not renew their personal vendettas, and it is forbidden to bury them, all of which are in accordance with the law." After Cao Pi became emperor, he even issued an edict in the fourth year of the Huang Dynasty (223): "Since the mourning, the military revolution has not been destroyed, and the people of the world have killed each other." Now that the sea has been decided, those who dare to have private avengers are all clans. ”
To be a clan is to exterminate the whole clan. This is a very strict decree, so why would Pang dare to kill Guan Yu's entire family against the wind? And what didn't happen afterwards?
First, Pang will kill Guan Yu's entire family, not only for family hatred, but also for the light of "national hatred".
Pictured: Guan Yu flooded the Seventh Army to capture Pound
Guan Yu besieged Cao Ren at Fancheng, flooded the Seventh Army, captured the forbidden Pound, and threatened Huaxia, forcing Cao Cao to prepare to move the capital north of the Yellow River. For the State of Wei, this was a great military disgrace, and Guan Yu was the greatest enemy of the state. Cao Cao and Cao Pi's decree forbade the private people to seek revenge, pang will kill Guan Yu's entire family, although there is a suspicion of personal vendetta, but nominally still stained with the light of "revenge and hatred".
Pictured: Pound in the TV series
Pound's death was honored as a loyal minister. Cao Cao "heard the sorrow and wept for it, and made his second son a marquis." After Cao Pi ascended the throne, he missed Pound's loyalty and gave the four Pang brothers the title of Marquis of Guannei and Yi Baihu.
The king of the fallen country was not as good as a dog, the son of a loyal minister, who took advantage of the chaos to kill the enemy general's family, which was basically not a matter for the Wei state at that time.
Two
Second, the social atmosphere of the Three Kingdoms era was very tolerant of revenge, and etiquette and affection were greater than law.
Revenge was a common phenomenon in ancient Chinese society, and Confucianism approved and even encouraged the "righteous act" of revenge. In the Biography of the Ram, it is said: "The Son does not take revenge, and the Non-Son also ... Ninth Is There Any Revenge? Although the hundred centuries can also be. In the Book of Rites, Confucius said: "The enmity of parents is the same as the world." When encountering the city dynasty, they do not fight against the soldiers. "The meaning of the saint is that when he encounters a father-killer on the road, he can't wait to go home and get a kitchen knife, so he goes straight up and strangles him.
Pictured: Confucius advocated revenge
Therefore, we see that Pang De was killed in the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (219), and the destruction of the Shu state was 263 years, and after more than 40 years, Pang Hui still did not spare the killing of his father's enemy Guan Yu.
From the Qin and Han dynasties to the Three Kingdoms of Wei and Jin, revenge is a common social phenomenon, and there are 59 cases of revenge recorded in the Han Dynasty alone, and many more are not recorded. In particular, revenge for blood relatives was not only basically pardoned at that time, but it would be praised by the people of the time, and the term "when people are strong" is often seen in historical records.
Pictured: Ancient stories of revenge for the Father abound
There is a ready-made example, GanNing and Ling Tong of Eastern Wu. The Book of Wu records: "Ling Tong complained that he would rather kill his father than to be prepared for reunification and not to meet with him." The right is also destined not to be destroyed. Like Guan Yu, Gan Ning also killed Ling Cao on the battlefield, but Ling Cao's son did not spare, and was as strong as Gan Ning, so he had to avoid it.
When the Wei Ming Emperor Cao Rui came to power, he added another addition to the decree that personal vendettas were not allowed: "Thieves fight and kill people, and die by impeachment, Xu Yi guys, listen to their sons and kill them." ”
Pictured: Pound in the game comes with his own revenge attribute
This means that fighting kills people, and the law allows their descendants to hunt and kill "according to the ancient righteousness".
Therefore, Pang would dare to boldly kill Guan Yu's entire family, and it is conceivable that what he received was not only punishment, but the "zhuangzhi" of the people at the time.
Three
From the perspective of today's people, even if Pang Hui avenges his father, but he is not as bad as the descendants of his family, why do he do anything to the relatives, women and children who have given up resistance? Someone said, "Even if Pang would dig up Guan Yu's body to whip the corpse, it would be even more innocent than killing Guan Yu's family!" ”
Pictured: Wu Zixu digs a grave and whips the corpse
Unbeknownst to the speaker, the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms records that after Guan Yu was killed by Sun Quan that year, he dedicated his first rank to Cao Cao, who buried the first rank in Luoyang "with the courtesy of a prince", and the body was buried by Sun Quan "with the courtesy of princes" in Dangyang (the border of Eastern Wu). The tomb of Guan Yu in Chengdu is only a crown tomb, otherwise the tomb digging and whipping the corpse pang will not be able to do it?
Photo: Guanling in Dangyang, Hubei Province
According to History, this Pang would be "brave and have the style of an ancestor", and there is also a foreshadowing in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms: Pound de lifted the bridge to death, and before leaving, he said to his wife: "If I die, Ru Haosheng will look at and raise my son; my son has a different appearance, and when he grows up, he will take revenge on me." ”
Pictured: Pound, who was killed by the hammer
If there is a father, there must be a son, and Pound, who carries the coffin to fight, does have a more ruthless son, cutting the grass and rooting out your doors, so that your descendants can no longer take revenge, leaving behind a perhaps the most unpopular example of revenge for the father in history.
References: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Shu, The Influence of "Ritual" on "Law" from the Perspective of the Revenge phenomenon of the Southern and Northern Dynasties of Wei and Jin