introduction:
Zhang Liang, a famous courtier under Han Gaozu Liu Bang in the late Qin Dynasty and early Han Dynasty, was famous for his strategy, and played an important role in the process of Han Gaozu's Liu Bang's struggle for the world, so he was known as the "Three Masters of the Han Dynasty" along with Han Xin and Xiao He, the other two heroes of the Han Dynasty.
Zhang Liang is indeed a figure, he not only assisted Liu Bang in his efforts and helped him establish the Liu clan when Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao, did not achieve great things. Moreover, after Liu Bang became emperor, he correctly realized his position, retreated in time, and finally avoided the end of Han Xin, and was able to save himself and enjoy his old age in peace. From this point of view, this Zhang Liang is indeed a person with great wisdom.
Among the three masters of the early Han Dynasty, unlike the other two heroes who were born from a poor background, he was born in an aristocratic family, so he received a good education from an early age. Despite this, with the passage of time, the social background gradually changed, and Qin Shi Huang led the army to unify the world, so that Zhang Liang's family was affected, and since then he has become an ordinary person, and there is no longer a shadow of family background. This also became an important reason for Zhang Liang to continue to learn, after which he studied desperately, hoping to one day overthrow the rule of Qin Shi Huang through his own efforts.
In order to achieve his goal, he initially chose to fight alone, but later joined Liu Bang's team due to his limited strength. After deciding to follow Liu Bang, he wholeheartedly assisted Liu Bang until he later established the Han Dynasty.
After Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty, he was also very grateful to this hero, and once commented on Zhang Liang: In the midst of the husband's planning and planning, the decisive victory is thousands of miles away.
Indeed, as a courtier, Zhang Liang did exert his talents and help Liu Bang escape the conspiracy set up by Xiang Yu such as Hongmen Feast. The reason why Liu Bang was able to smoothly unify the world was absolutely inseparable from the help of Zhang Liang, and Zhang Liang was not only a talented person, he also understood the truth that prosperity and extreme decline, so he tried his best to avoid this situation at the very beginning. Especially after the example of Han Xin appeared, he learned from it and eventually withdrew.
The nobles were born helpless to become commoners, and they practiced their skills hard only to avenge
According to historical records, Zhang Liang's family background can even be traced back to the Warring States period. Because his ancestors served as the prime minister of five generations of Korean monarchs, the Zhang family is quite respected in the Yang Zhai area of the Korean capital.
In 221 BC, Qin Shi Huang led the army of the Qin state to defeat the other six kingdoms in one fell swoop, thus establishing the first unified state in ancient China and ending the situation of classification and division since the Spring and Autumn Warring States. As one of the princely states, South Korea is naturally no exception, so Zhang Liang's family has also been implicated, and its status has skyrocketed, never returning to its former glory. Zhang Liang, who had already matured, was determined to change this situation and overthrow the rule of the Qin Dynasty.
Although qin shi huang had unified the whole country at this time, there were still many remnants of the Six Kingdoms throughout the country, still rebelling against the rule of the Qin Dynasty, and among them was Zhang Liang. Although he is bent on revenge, Zhang Liang is not a brainless person, he clearly understands that only by relying on his own strength, just hitting the stone with a pebble can not succeed at all. So he came to the east and met with Cang Haijun, planning to murder Qin Shi Huang with him. Even in order to be able to avenge the snow hatred as soon as possible, Zhang Liang finally found a person with infinite strength through several years of searching, and made a special sledgehammer for him to use on the way out of Qin Shi Huang. From this point of view, This Zhang Liang is a person who can endure and achieve great things, and he will judge what situation is the most suitable for action, rather than letting hatred blind his eyes.
What people did not expect was that Qin Shi Huang had already suffered many assassinations before this, and this trip chose to choose four horse-drawn carriages like other officials in a low-key manner, and often changed carriages to ride, so Zhang Liang could not tell which one was Qin Shi Huang's car. The result was also obvious, and the assassination ended in failure. In the face of this assassination, Qin Shi Huang was naturally very angry, and aimed to catch assassins all over the country, but because there was no evidence, it could not be investigated, and it could only be stopped later. Although this assassination failed, Zhang Liang was blessed by misfortune and unexpectedly gained the respect and support of other anti-Qin people.
Zhang Liang, who failed to assassinate, was very sad, and the whole person seemed particularly unenergetic. Once, he once walked to the bridge and met an old man, who made unreasonable trouble with him and asked Zhang Liang to help him put on his shoes. In desperation, Zhang Liang had to agree, and Zhang Liang, who had performed well, was recognized by the old man and asked him to meet here again five days later. After this, the old man tested Zhang Liang many times, and finally touched him with Zhang Liang's honesty and trustworthiness, and his spirit of knowing how to be patient.
So he gave him a book and asked him to study it and it would become a great instrument in the future. After saying that, the old man went away, and after a long time, Zhang Liang learned that this old man was the famous "old man on the circle". The book that the old man gave was the "Taigong Art of War", and since then, Zhang Liang has studied it day and night, and finally became an all-rounder who is resourceful and has both culture and martial arts.
If Zhang Liang had chosen to reject the old man at the beginning, then perhaps he would not have had such an opportunity and would not have had the opportunity to follow Liu Bang to achieve great things.
Following Liu Bang's side, giving advice and suggestions will eventually become a great cause
In July 209 BC, the first peasant uprising in ancient Chinese history, the Dazexiang Uprising, broke out. Under the leadership of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, the uprising broke through and attacked several cities ruled by the Qin Dynasty in one fell swoop. Perhaps everyone could not bear to be subjected to the brutal rule of Qin Shi Huang anymore, so many people of insight across the country led armies to oppose the Qin Dynasty. Zhang Liang, who already had a feud with Qin Shi Huang, realized that his opportunity had come, so he gathered more than a hundred people and formally carried the banner of opposing the Qin Dynasty. Realizing that his strength was insufficient to confront the mighty Qin Dynasty, Zhang Liang decided to defect to the other leaders of the rebellion and rebel against the Qin Dynasty together.
The first person he chose was Jing Ju, the leader of the peasant army who had established himself as the false king of Chu. It was precisely on this way that he met the army led by Liu Bang, and after a brief conversation with Liu Bang, the two of them only hated not meeting earlier. During the short stay of Liu Bang's army, he actively offered advice to Liu Bang, and Liu Bang also adopted his suggestions many times. In this way, one can talk, the other can believe him, how can this not change Zhang Liang's thoughts, so that he decided to follow Liu Bang?
From here, it can be seen that Zhang Liang can distinguish between right and wrong, and knows how to choose the right leader, which can reflect that he still maintained a clear mind and unique vision in the complex social background at that time. After this, Zhang Liang was also trusted by Liu Bang because of his own talents, and since then he has followed Liu Bang's side steadily and assisted him with hard work and resentment.
At the end of the same year, King Huai of Chu ordered Liu Bang and Xiang Yu to lead their armies to attack the Qin Dynasty, and agreed with them that whoever entered Xianyang first could establish himself as king. At this time, Zhang Liang was not in the same place as Liu Bang, but fought separately, each responsible for different regions. In July 207 BC, Liu Bang led an army to capture Yingchuan, and Han Xin and Zhang Liang were able to formally meet Liu Bang. In order to be able to ignore this and lose the other, Liu Bang left Han Xin to guard Yingchuan and led Zhang Liang alone to lead an army south to attack Xianyang. It was not easy to attack Xianyang. Not only because Xianyang was the capital of the Qin Dynasty, but also because Xianyang was located in the hinterland, with a strategic location and difficult to attack.
Perhaps wanting to establish himself as king as soon as possible, Liu Bang was very eager to overthrow the Qin Dynasty. During the attack on Wancheng, Liu Bang decided to bypass Wancheng in order to be able to advance west faster. Zhang Liang did not think so, in his opinion: although it was very important to attack Xianyang, if the city was not taken, then Wancheng's army would encircle and suppress it from behind, which would cause the situation of being attacked by the enemy in the abdomen and back. Fortunately, Liu Bang also followed his advice and conquered Wancheng step by step.
The situation in the world was very good, and the demise of the Qin Dynasty was undoubtedly a foregone conclusion, so many of the taishou of the cities and pools rose up one after another to oppose the rule of the Qin Dynasty together with Liu Bang. By this time, Qin II had already been killed by Zhao Gao, and the puppet child had inherited the throne. Looking at Liu Bang, who was already under the city, Zi Bao knew in his heart that the general trend had gone, so he had to hold the emperor's jade seal and open the city gate to surrender to Liu Bang. Liu Bang thus entered the city of Xianyang, and the first feudal dynasty in ancient China, the Great Qin Empire, officially collapsed. In these two events, it can be seen that if Zhang Liang had not tried his best to prevent Liu Bang from bypassing Wancheng, then perhaps Liu Bang would have encountered a situation of being attacked in the back, and thus might have missed Xianyang.
Not to be deluded by the power of the mind, the rapids retreat
With the assistance of Zhang Liang, Liu Bang achieved great military success in just one year, entering the Guanzhong region one step ahead of Xiang Yu. After Liu Bang's army entered Xianyang, they were fascinated by those luxurious palaces, beautiful palace women and rare treasures, and many soldiers were addicted to such a luxurious life and could not extricate themselves, even Liu Bang was not spared.
But Zhang Liang was an exception, in his opinion: blindly coveting pleasure would only lead to the end of the Qin Dynasty, so he analyzed the stakes with Liu Bang and advised him that the most important thing now was to rectify morale and find a way to win the trust of the people. From this point of view, if there is no Zhang Liang's exhortation to Liu Bang, then this Liu Bang may be addicted to such a life and miss the precious opportunity to compete for the world.
Liu Bang was also a man who could accept the admonition, and he quickly accepted Zhang Liang's opinion and changed it. In order to enable ordinary soldiers in the army to be able to regulate themselves, Liu Bang set an example by first ordering all soldiers not to disturb the local order, let alone to take advantage of it. In this way, Liu Bang gained the support of the people, who thought that he was a Ming Jun who would think about the people of the world, so he won a large part in the process of competing with Xiang Yu for the world. At that time, Zhang Liang already understood the truth that water can carry boats and overturn boats, and he used the power of the people in a timely manner to seize the world. After four years, the Chu-Han War ended with Liu Bang's victory.
In February of the fifth year of Han Gaozu, with the help of many heroes, Liu Bang finally officially ascended the throne as emperor, known historically as Han Gaozu. Zhang Liang could almost be said to be alone at this time, but Zhang Liang chose not to resign when facing the emperor's reward, because he knew too well the truth of the Gong Gao Zhen Lord, plus his revenge had already been repaid, and he had no regrets. With this thought, Zhang Liang gradually returned the power in his hands to the emperor and lived in peace and stability at home. This Zhang Liang is indeed a person with great wisdom and open-mindedness, and it is not easy to be able to hold such a high position and still be unaffected by external factors and give up the power at his fingertips.
Sima Guang once said: Husbands are born and die, for example, the inevitability of night; since ancient times and to the present, there has never been a transcendent but solitary being. The clarity of the sub-room is enough to know that the immortals are illusory; but their desire to be from the Akamatsuko wanderer, his wisdom can be known. When the husband is famous, it is difficult for the people to be subordinate. Emperor Gao's name is only three masters. Huaiyang Jieyi, Xiao He is a prison, not to be full of shoes and not to be more than Yes! Therefore, the sub-room is entrusted to the gods, abandoning the human world, and so on to the name of the external object, ignoring the glory and profit, the so-called Mingzhe self-preservation, the sub-room has a yan.
And the fact is also that among the three masters of the Han Dynasty, only Zhang Liang can retreat with his whole body and save himself, which is really rare.
As a courtier, Zhang Liang did make immeasurable contributions to the establishment of the Han Dynasty by Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao. It all owes its lust for revenge. If he still enjoys the shadow of his ancestors and grows up like that, then maybe he won't want to be angry and strong, and may just spend his life doing nothing. In the process of assisting Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gaozu, to establish the Han Dynasty, they also encountered many setbacks, and under the influence of Xiang Yu, a strong enemy, Zhang Liang developed a cautious and sensitive personality, which also laid the foundation for his timely retreat. As the founding hero of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Liang's exploits deserve the respect of future generations, and his deeds are also worth learning from future generations.
Resources:
"History, Volume 55, Liuhou Shijia No. 25"
Book of Han, Volume 40, Biography of King Zhou of Zhang Chen, Tenth Biography