Today to talk about a national treasure series of topics, the divine human pattern jade, this item in the Chinese should know the top ten jade national treasures ranked third, the first was also introduced before is the Dushan Dayuhai, the second is the C-type dragon, today's so-called this divine human pattern jade is currently hidden in the Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, it is a neolithic Period Liangzhu culture of the very typical jade, 1986 Zhejiang Province Yuhang City Liangzhu cultural site, 1986 Zhejiang Province, Liangzhu cultural site, The height of the jade is 8.8 cm, the aperture is 4.9 cm, the outer diameter is 17.6 cm, and the four sides of the body are engraved with a complete image of the beast face god, and the two sides of the animal face are bas-reliefs with bird patterns, and the shape of the jade is a flat square cylindrical body, and the middle is a round hole.
In the Longshan culture and Qi family culture have been found, but in the Hongshan culture is not, this is the earliest originated in the Liangzhu culture is a typical type of instrument in the Liangzhu culture, to the Shang Zhou period according to the records of later generations it is a kind of ritual instrument used in the sacrifice of the heavens, the sacrifice of the heavens is the use of jade bi, the sacrifice of the earth is the use of jade, the heavens We now say in turn, can be attributed to the image of a black hole in the celestial body, the shape of the jade bi is completely consistent with the image of the black hole, especially the interpretation of the round hole in the middle, The piece of jade bi on the top of the golden jade coat is with a round hole in the middle, and after its jade bi is reduced and enlarged, perhaps the hole in the middle is a jade door that allows the soul to enter and exit freely, because there is a word called jade gate on that jade wall, so the manufacture of jade bi can be said to be a kind of ritual vessel derived from the image of the celestial body.
And the image of the jade is based on what kind of artifacts are derived and manufactured is still unknown, the general jade shape is the inner circle outside, the upper and lower ends are rounded, the middle is a round hole drilled, the four sides of the body are divided into two by the middle straight groove, and there are horizontal grooves divided into two sections, each section is divided into two components, the four sides of the straight groove are engraved with a god and man's animal face pattern image, a total of eight, carved with bas-relief and fine line carving two techniques, This group of combined patterns of humans and beasts should be the basic features of the Jade Pattern Decoration of Liangzhu Culture, the name of this pattern is also called the God Emblem Pattern, what does it mean? There is a theory that the top of the totem pole is carved by a wizard or chief with a feather crown, who rides on the body of a tiger in practice, we can also understand that a jade qun is seen as a microcosm of a totem pole, the ancients worshiped the totem pole thinking that it can be psychic, which is a form of reflection as a ritual in theosophy and sacrifice.
So the discovery of this jade is so far the discovery of the Liangzhu culture jade is the largest, heaviest, the most exquisite workmanship is also the most exquisite one, so it is called the King of Chun, and its impact on later generations is also very large, if we want to go to Zhejiang to see, many people will find that the shape design of the museum in Zhejiang Province is designed with the shape of the jade, when it was in 1986 in Yuhang, Zhejiang There was a material factory to build the site, and there was a ruin found on a small mound called Anti-Mountain, Zhejiang Provincial Archaeological Research Institute excavated the anti-mountain site, in the anti-mountain No. 12 tomb found full of jade, the owner from head to toe are decorated with jade, and hold the jade decoration of the artifact, excavation of the tomb owner's bones have basically disappeared, but in the tomb owner's left shoulder or below the head of the position, placed a huge piece of jade, after cleaning out this piece of jade are very shocked.
Never seen such a large jade, nor seen such a decoration, but also a little familiar, but wider than the jade, the previous excavation of the jade did not have so many people and beasts carved with thin lines, so it also became a major discovery in the Chinese archaeological community at that time, this jade as a high-level ceremonial vessel, the land out of the jade is the graveyard of the chief, in the primitive time these chiefs may also be the priests of some tribes, so when they are buried underground, these sacrifices of the jade, As for what kind of production methods the ancestors used, what kind of tools were used to make such exquisite patterns and such a regular and solemn instrument, modern people have only made some reasonable speculations, some people say that it is emery, some people say that it is agate and chalcedony that is harder than jade, and some say that it is carved with animal teeth, these are our current speculations and conjectures, and the real problem is to further discover and confirm in our archaeological excavations.
The discovery of this piece of jade on the Liangzhu cultural site area application, played a very important role in physical evidence, the entire Liangzhu cultural site site we found not only a very large-scale water conservancy project, there are some ancient city buildings, more than 4,000 years ago the ancestors in this land has created a high degree of civilization, as well as a very standardized level of production and processing technology, through the discovery of this Liangzhu jade to confirm the production and continuation of our long-standing culture of an important physical evidence, I believe that our future archaeology and the continuous expansion of collections will increase everyone's understanding of history and culture, and broaden our exploration of the unknown world in that part of traditional culture.