The Tianping Heavenly Kingdom Movement can be described as the largest peasant uprising in the late Qing Dynasty, the peasant rebel army led by Hong Xiuquan swept through most of China under the banner of religion, dealing a heavy blow to the rule of the Qing Dynasty, but it was eventually jointly suppressed, and the largest large-scale anti-Qing movement in China in the middle of the 19th century completely failed. There were many reasons for the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, including the internal reasons of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and before the Qing Dynasty was completely overthrown, Hong Xiuquan began to covet pleasure and expand his harem.
The man who landed on the ground complained
In the nineteenth year of Qing Jiaqing, that is, on January 1, 1814, a family of cultivators surnamed Hong in Hua County, Guangdong Province, gave birth to a little boy, and the Hong family named him Huoxiu, according to the family tree of the Hong family, this child was also called Hong Renkun. Since I am cultivating and reading the family, it is natural to study well. Hong Huoxiu went to school in the village at the age of 7 and was familiar with the Four Books and Five Classics and some other ancient books.
At the age of 15, Hong Huoxiu went to HuaXian for the first time to participate in the county examination, and this time he ranked at the top. The next year he went to Guangzhou to take the hospital examination, but unfortunately he fell behind, and at this time his family was already relatively poor, Hong Huoxiu did not forget the expectations of Guangzong Yaozu, he worked while studying.
Since then, he has participated in the Guangzhou hospital examination twice, but both ended in the first place, especially when the third time fell, Hong Huoxiu was already 25 years old, this time the fall made him deeply affected, went home a serious illness, in the coma he felt that an old man said to him: "According to the will of heaven, order me to come to the human world to kill demons and exorcise demons." Since then, Hong Huoxiu's behavior has been strange and different from ordinary people.
And in order to vent his dissatisfaction with the fall, he also wrote a poem called "Dragon Dive", the dragon dive cape is afraid of the sky, temporarily idle and jump in the abyss; waiting for the wind and clouds to gather together, soaring six he fixed Qiankun. And he began to believe that he was coming to the world to slay demons and exorcise demons at the will of heaven. And also changed his name to Hong Xiuquan.
Founded the cult of God and mobilized the people
After Hong Xiuquan recovered from his illness, he threw aside the book of Confucius and Mencius in one fell swoop, no longer being a Confucian and converted to Christian doctrine, and replaced the Confucius tablet in his home with the tablet of God. He began to propagate what he called his doctrine and founded the "Cult of God" (also known as the Church of God). Claiming to be the second son of God, the younger brother of Jesus.
Hong Xiuquan persuaded his friend Feng Yunshan to join him in preaching, and Hong Xiuquan also wrote sermon poems such as "The Original Salvation Song", attacking various evil phenomena in society and calling for the establishment of a new world of "one family under the heavens and sharing peace" in accordance with Christian doctrine. Hong Xiuquan used Christian doctrine to carry out activities to transform society.
In the Qing Dynasty at that time, there were many people suffering at the lower levels, so the number of worshippers increased, and Guangxi Guiping established the "Worship god Society", absorbing 2,000 members such as Yang Xiuqing, Xiao Chaogui, and Wei Changhui. He also successively formulated the rules and rituals of the worship of God.
The contradiction between Hong Xiuquan's worship of God and the local government deepened, and Hong Xiuquan and others decided to oppose the Qing In the thirtieth year of Daoguang (1850), they stepped up preparations. In the second half of the year, the congregation came to the Camp of Jintian Regiment one after another to prepare for the uprising.
Finally, on January 11, 1851, Hong Xiuquan launched the Jintian Rebellion, founded the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and proclaimed himself the Heavenly King. The largest anti-Qing peasant revolt broke out in the late Qing Dynasty.
The momentum is strong, and the capital is Tianjing
When the Qing court received the news, it immediately ordered Xiang Rong, the viceroy of Guangxi, to lead more than 10,000 Qing troops to besiege the Taiping Army, in a vain attempt to stifle the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement. On January 13, the Taiping Army captured Jiangkou, in March occupied Wuxuan Dongxiang, and on March 23, Hong Xiuquan ascended to the throne of Heaven, and was divided into five generals, southeast, northwest, and five kings, respectively, the Taiping Army basically completed the establishment of the army, and the Taiping Army became more and more courageous in the War.
After the death of Feng Yunshan of the Southern King and Xiao Chaogui of the Western King, the Taiping Army can be said to have suffered a serious blow, but the Taiping Army successively conquered the important towns of the Qing Dynasty such as Anqing, which were free of charge, and beat the Qing army to the ground, and many generals of the Qing Dynasty died at the hands of the Taiping Army.
On March 19, 1853, Nanjing was conquered, and on the 29th, Hong Xiuquan entered the city and changed Nanjing to Tianjing, which was designated as the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and from then on Tianjing became the capital of the Taiping Army, but also began the journey of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom to fight for power and profit.
Taking the lead in pleasure, Hong Xiuquan began the journey of expanding the harem
After fixing the capital Tianjing, Hong Xiuquan has lost his initial enterprising spirit, this landing Xiucai, once the king has a base, began to put pleasure in the first place, after occupying Tianjing, Hong Xiuquan began to build a luxurious Heavenly King's Mansion for himself.
According to the records, there are more than ten miles around the Tianwangfu City, the walls are several inches high, the inside and outside are double, the outer Sun City, the inner Golden Dragon City, the Hall of the Golden Dragon Hall, the Yuan Yue Hou Lin Yuan, the exquisite carving, the Heavenly King's Mansion is full of rare treasures, becoming the most luxurious existence in tianjing. Compared with the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Hong Xiuquan began to live an emperor-like life, and not only that, he began to recruit concubines.
Hong Xiuquan then issued an edict: "Women should take care of internal affairs, and foreign affairs should not be heard." Some are similar to the meaning that the harem is not allowed to interfere in politics. If there is any disobedience, it will not be forgiven. This is supposed to be a good thing, but Hong Xiuquan's original intention was not so, and the women in his harem were grounded, and they were not allowed to contact the outside world, let alone go out of the Heavenly Palace for half a step. Similar to canaries, they are kept in captivity in the Heavenly King's Mansion and are not allowed to go out.
As the supreme ruler of the Heavenly Balance Heavenly Kingdom, how many women did Hong Xiuquan marry or spoil? According to the Qing Dynasty book "Notes on the Spring Dream Temple of Jiangnan", Hong Xiuquan set up more than a thousand titles in his harem, and the ranks of concubines were queen, ai niang, frolicking, miaonu, jiaonu, concubine, and yuannu.
Hong Xiuquan's harem was so large that there was no way to remember everyone's names. So he numbered these concubines one by one, from the beginning. Every time he needed to be served to sleep, Hong Xiuquan only needed to say the number of the number represented by the beauty to the people. Therefore, there is such a funny title as "the first wife".
In addition, there were no eunuchs in the Heavenly King's Palace, and all those who served him were "female officials". Nominally a female official, she was actually a member of Hong Xiuquan's harem. Together with the empresses, the total number of female dependents in the Heavenly King's Mansion was as high as more than 2,300.
In addition, according to the confession of Hong Xiuquan's son, in the harem of King Hong Tianwang, there is a Lady of the Zhengyue Palace, commonly known as the Empress. The remaining 87 concubines with titles and titles. In addition, there are more than 2,000 unknown harem women for their enjoyment. This scale is the largest of all the emperors in history.
Hong Xiuquan is not what women want, and his style of choosing women is similar to that of ancient emperors. First of all, these women must be beautiful women, these women must not only look beautiful, but also come from famous families in order to be favored by Hong Xiuquan. Because only the daughters of large families have baby-like skin and a feminine body. Farm women work all year round, and they will not skin tender meat, let alone maintain the skin.
Another requirement is that these women must be complete, have not been married before, and Hong Xiuquan will personally examine them. If he found out that the beauty sent to the Heavenly King's Mansion was not the Yellow Flower Maiden, he would reduce her to slavery and even order the woman to be killed. In the years when Hong Xiuquan stayed in Nanjing, many beautiful women in Nanjing were harmed, and his behavior was heinous.
That is to say, Hong Xiuquan from 1853 to the capital of Tianjing to his death in 1864, this short 11 years of ten years, Hong Xiuquan lived an extremely corrupt life, every day living a life of wine and wealth, it is said that at that time, Nanjing City only gave birth to 110,000 women, women basically entered the harem of those big men in the Tianping Heavenly Kingdom, of which Hong Xiuquan is the most, so it is no wonder that corruption is no wonder they failed.
In fact, the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is also reasonable, after all, Hong Xiuquan organized the peasant uprising in the form of religion, and when he was about to succeed, he could not escape the limitations of the peasant class, and coveting pleasure was only one of the corners. The taiping heavenly kingdom internal high-level struggle for power and profit, seriously depleted the vitality, the western expedition of the Northern Expedition has failed, but also damaged the vitality of the Taiping Army, and finally under the blow of internal consumption and external forces, the Taiping Army completely failed.
However, as the supreme leader, Hong Xiuquan began to expand the harem for himself when he was not yet successful, and the failure was reasonable.