The prosperity of Song Ci has something to do with the policy of the Rulers of the Song Dynasty of "emphasizing literature over martial arts". Because the rulers of the Song Dynasty reused the literati, the status of the literati was unprecedentedly improved, including the salaries of scholars, which made them no longer have to worry about chai rice oil and salt, and they also had more time to explore the true meaning of life and create literature and art.
In addition, the emphasis on the literati is also reflected in the expansion of the scope of the examination to obtain scholars, the examination has become a shortcut for the literati to jump the dragon gate, once the examination of merit and fame is the merit and fame of the Lu that is required by renjun. This also made the Literary Style of the Song Dynasty flourish, and people who chanted poems and hymns abounded. However, this is not the only reason for the prosperity of Song Ci, in addition to many factors, it should be said that the reason why Song Ci prospered is the result of the combination of many factors. Here's why:
1. The high development of the commodity economy in the Song Dynasty and the prosperity of the city culture
Chen Yinke, a master of traditional Chinese studies, once said: "The culture of the Chinese nation, which has evolved over thousands of years, was created in the world of Zhao and Song dynasties. "The high prosperity of the commodity economy in the Song Dynasty also led to great cultural development. The consolidation of the economic foundation ensured the needs of the development of the superstructure, so that some people went to non-agriculture, thus becoming a cultural class, and during the Holy Year of Heaven, "those who interpret the silk and write the stone, ten rooms and nine".
Economic prosperity can make many people no longer worry about food and clothing but pursue spiritual construction, while the material consumption and demand of this part of the people who have separated from agriculture have also contributed to and intensified the prosperity of the urban economy; and their spiritual and emotional entertainment needs have contributed to the development and prosperity of urban culture. Take the famous Northern Song Dynasty lyricist Liu Yong as an example, he was a wanderer in the capital at that time, because his career was not smooth, so he lingered in the Qinglou Chuguan, specifically filling in the words in the flower street Liu Lane, this kind of folk writer abounded in the streets and alleys of the Great Song Dynasty, and he was just a relatively famous representative.
Liu yong
Therefore, it is the high development of the commodity economy and the prosperity of urban city culture that provide the most suitable soil and readership for Song Ci.
2. The literati who take the rise and fall of the world as their own responsibility and dedicate themselves to the country
Mr. Qian Mu said: "In the era of the Song Dynasty, under the taiping situation, it was getting worse day by day, and a spirit of self-consciousness finally sprouted in the society of scholars. The so-called 'conscious spirit' is that generation of readers who gradually emerge from the depths of their hearts a feeling that they should rise up and shoulder the heavy responsibilities of the world. ”
Whether it is Fan Zhongyan's "the worries of the world before the world, the joy and happiness of the world after the world", "a cup of turbid wine is a thousand miles at home, and Yan Ran has not been able to return to the end." "Still Lu You's" zombie isolated village does not mourn, Shang Si for the national shu wheel platform. "All of them reflect the patriotic feelings of the Song Dynasty poets who regard the world as their own responsibility."
Su shi
Of course, the political struggles in the officialdom of the Song Dynasty and the turbulent reform of the law are also a major material created by the lyricists, such as the great writer Su Shi, who has repeatedly been deposed because of the political views of the law change faction such as Wang Anshi, and thus left us with many famous sentences that are popular throughout the ages.
3. The lateral influence of Taoist theory
As the pinnacle of China's feudal society, the Song Dynasty was also a dynasty in which feudal etiquette was perfected, and the classics representing traditional Confucianism changed and merged with Buddhism and Taoism. In the Song Dynasty, the Neo-Confucian school represented by Cheng Zhu Lixue appeared, and they propagated and advocated the idea of "preserving heavenly reason and destroying people's desires", which made the Literati of the Song Dynasty deeply suppressed.
In formal cases they have to obey the law of etiquette, but things must be reversed, and in informal cases, this long-suppressed emotion will be released. In order to pursue the freedom and liberation of thought, the literati were forced to engage in the creation of words with a distorted passion under oppression, in order to express the repressed emotions in their hearts, so lyricism became a special function of Song Ci.
The precipitation and sublimation of various emotions have contributed to the improvement of the realm of Song Ci, so that the work of Song Ci's description, the transmission of language, the depth of body taste, the delicacy of lyricism, the richness of meaning, and the lofty artistic conception have all reached an unprecedented level, so it is known as "the literature of a generation... Therefore, the imprisonment of thought by Daoist theory of Taoism is also an important reason for the development of Song Ci.