Liu Bei in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is an image of benevolence. However, it seems to have been overshadowed and become a weak image. Liu Bei in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is very good at crying, and Liu Bei's crying is not a real emotional catharsis, but a means. So much so that there is a saying that Liu Bei's Jiangshan is crying. This simply makes the editor wonder whether the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is praising Liu or demeaning Liu. So is Liu Bei really good at crying in history? What was the reason for Liu Bei's crying?
Liu Bei's image: Guo Lie Hongyi, is far from the Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Want to see whether a person is willing to cry, his crying is not reasonable, you can get a glimpse of the image of this character. Liu Bei in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is benevolent and weak, and has high morality, which can be said to be far from Liu Bei's historical image.
Judging from Liu Bei's way of starting out, Liu Bei completely followed the route of joining the martial arts. His career was not white because of his status as a clan or a reputation against the eunuchs, but because he was spelled out on the battlefield with real swords and guns. It is said that Liu Bei also circulated the sword method "Gu Yingfa", if true, it is obviously a technique that Liu Bei summed up during the fight.
Liu Bei's image has two points: Guo Lie and Hongyi. It's just that the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" focuses on the side of Hongyi, but ignores the side of Guo Lie. Liu Bei came out of Youzhou Zhuo County, a region around guan, and was a local "ancient puzzle boy" in the early days, making friends with heroes and being good at raising soldiers.
I don't know how, I got a sum of money from Ma Shang Sushuang and Zhang Shiping, pulled out a team, and entered the army through counterinsurgency. This is a microcosm of what Wang Fuzhi called "Han independence and the death of the strong.".
Later, when the county lieutenant was killed by Sha, Liu Bei whipped the governor; during the "Battle of Guandu", Liu Bei was active in Cao Cao's rear and killed Cai Yang; Xiahou Huan attacked Xinye, and Liu Bei set up an ambush to win (but Xinye was still not saved).
In "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", these things have become the deeds of others. The latter two events can be said to pave the way for Guan Yu Zhang Fei and Zhuge Liang's famous plot, the former is undoubtedly due to the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" to change Liu Bei's image. Liu Bei in history can be said to be a hero and a hero of Guoyi, but he cannot reach the level of a gentleman, let alone a gentleman who is benevolent and weak.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Shu, Biography of the Ancestors": "The Overseer went to the county on official business, and the Lord asked for advice, but he did not pass, and went straight into the Overseer's Post, and the staff was two hundred." ”
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Shu, Biography of the Ancestor": "Cao Gong sent Cai Yang to attack him and was killed by the Ancestor Lord. ”
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Shu, Biography of the Ancestor": "The First Lord set up an ambush, and once he burned himself and burned himself, he chased after him and was destroyed by the ambush." ”
Why did Liu Bei cry in history?
In the historical materials, some records of Liu Bei's crying can still be found, but there is still a big gap with the kind of political show in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". Xiaobian found a total of six places (Xiaobian is shallow and shallow, there may be omissions), I believe that there can be an overall summary of Liu Bei's crying.
First, Liu Bei cried Tian Yu
Tian Yu was a famous general of Cao Wei, but also followed Liu Bei in the early days. Just when Liu Bei was following Gongsun Zhan. Later, Liu Bei was co-opted by Tao Qian and chose to mix with Tao Qian, which may be inconsistent with Tian Yu's concept, so Tian Yu left Liu Bei on the grounds of serving his elderly mother. Liu Bei and Tian Yu cried once when they were separated.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, Tian Yu Biography": "Prepare for the history of Yuzhou, Yu to seek home with his mother and old, and prepare to weep and say goodbye." ”
Second, Liu Bei cried Pang Tong
Pang Tong was an important strategist in Liu Bei's early days, and he made a lot of efforts in the process of Liu Bei entering the river to eliminate Liu Zhang. Unfortunately, during the attack on Luo County, he was killed by a stray arrow. Liu Bei was very sad about Pang Tong's death in battle, and he also shed tears for Pang Tong.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Shushu, And Biography of Pang Tong": "The first lord lamented, but his words drooled." ”
Third, Liu Bei cried Fa Zheng
Fa Zheng played a great role in Liu Bei's smooth entry into Sichuan, and later helped Liu Bei win the "Battle of Hanzhong", killing Xiahou Yuan, taking Hanzhong, and stabilizing the stability of Yizhou.
For a long time, Hanzhong served as a gateway to the Shu Han's defense against the north and a bridgehead for the Northern Expedition, which shows how great Fazheng's merits were. When Fa Zheng died, Liu Bei cried for several days.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Shu, Fa Zheng Biography": "The ancestors of the Lord have been tired of weeping for them. ”
Fourth, Liu Bei cried Liu Feng
Liu Feng was Liu Bei's righteous son and had passed in Jingzhou. At that time, Liu Bei had no heirs, and the situation was not optimistic, so he urgently needed a successor. As a result, Liu Bei later had Liu Chan, and the position of heir was of course given to Liu Chan, and Liu Feng attacked the city as a military general.
As a result, Liu Feng stood idly by in the "Battle of Xiangfan", and later forced Meng Da to leave, resulting in the "Three Eastern Counties" being regained and lost. Under the advice of Zhuge Liang, Liu Bei executed Liu Feng and gave Liu Chan a clear road. When Liu Feng committed suicide, Liu Bei cried once.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Shu, Biography of Liu Feng": "Feng sighed: 'Hate not to use mencius's words!'" 'The Lord wept for it. ”
Fifth, Liu Bei cried to himself
Liu Bei's goal was to kill Cao Cao, and judging from his repeated disturbances for Cao Cao and the "YidaiZhao Incident", there was no room for relaxation between the two. However, Cao Cao became bigger and stronger, and Liu Bei could only stay with Liu Biao and serve as a goalkeeper for Liu Biao.
According to Liu Bei's own ambitions and actual situation, it is indeed quite a failure. Once, when Liu Bei went to the toilet, he saw that he had fat on his thighs and couldn't help but sigh and cry.
"Spring and Autumn in Kyushu": "After living in Jingzhou for several years, I sat up on the table and went to the toilet, and saw the flesh in the hips, and I was drooling." ”
Sixth, Liu Bei cried Liu Biao
When Liu Bei was there with Liu Biao, he was not only at ease as a goalkeeper, he did not give up his career, but extensively interacted with celebrities and established fame. Later, Liu Chun surrendered, and Liu Bei fled south, taking with him as many as 100,000 Jingzhou people.
There are people here, and there must be many celebrities in the family. When Liu Bei fled south, he passed by Liu Biao's tomb and shed tears when he worshipped Liu Biao.
"Dictionary": "After preparing the tomb of the resignation table, he wept and left." ”
The above six are not listed in chronological order.
Analyze and think
Crying Tian Yu and Liu Feng twice, Xiaobian thought that there was no suspicion of too much showmanship. After all, Tian Yu had already made up his mind, and Liu Bei could not let Tian Yu stay by his side against filial piety, that would be harmful to Liu Bei's own reputation, and it was better not to cry; Liu Feng was a person who must die, and Liu Feng's sins were completely justified by execution. These two times it was a revelation of true feelings, and there was nothing wrong with it.
Crying Fa zheng and Pang Tong looked suspicious of putting on a show, but it made no sense to think about it carefully. It should be known that these two records are from the Fa Zheng Biography and the Pang Tong Biography respectively. To know the reason for Liu Bei's crying, we must first find out the intention of Chen Shou's record.
The character's biography is, of course, in the service of this character. Chen Shou used Liu Bei's crying in the biographies of Fa Zheng and Pang Tong, of course, to emphasize Liu Bei's feelings or importance to the two, rather than Liu Bei's show. Just like the deaths of Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, Liu Bei's crying is not recorded in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which does not mean that Liu Bei did not cry, it is very likely that Chen Shou felt that it was not necessary.
Crying yourself is even less likely to be a show, but a manifestation of mistakes. At that time, Liu Bei was living with Liu Biao, and Liu Biao was both useful and jealous of Liu Bei. Liu Bei cried because his work had not been accomplished, what would Liu Biao think as a master? So this one is also excluded.
The only thing that is possible (note that it is possible rather than affirmative) is the cry liu watch that time. Liu Bei had many Jingzhou people around him, and there was no shortage of cultural celebrities. Liu Biao himself is a famous scholar, vigorously developing cultural undertakings in Jingzhou, and has a high reputation in the Jingxiang Shilin. Liu Bei showed some sorrow when he worshipped, and he was more able to gain people's hearts.
But even so, Liu Bei's crying this time is only the icing on the cake, because Liu Bei is already very popular. Moreover, Cao Cao also had a similar move, weeping when sacrificing Yuan Shao. The possibility of this show is much greater than Liu Bei.
Therefore, the statement that Liu Bei's Jiangshan is crying out is very unjust and biased for Liu Bei.
Reference: "Three Kingdoms"