In the era of feudal monarchy, the monarch was the center of all power. As subordinate courtiers, they have absolutely no authority to influence the thoughts of a generation of emperors, and their role is to obey the orders of the monarch who is above them and to be sent by the king. This is the characteristic of the monarch under the feudal system, but everything has accidents, and the relationship between the monarch and the subject can not only be subordinates, such as Zhuge Liang and Liu Chan, the relationship between the monarch and the subject of the two of them can be said to be an ideal type in the feudal era. It was Liu Bei, the father of Liu Chan, who contributed to this ideal type. At that time, Liu Bei was critically ill, and Tuo Guo, Zhuge Liang and Li Yan even instructed Liu Chan to "have no big details in political affairs, and salty decisions are determined by Liang." Behind this solitude, what kind of deep meaning does Liu Bei, a generation of tyrants, have?
First, Jun can take his own hands, Liu Bei surrendered to Jiangshan to Zhuge Liang?
"Wolong and Phoenix, if you get one of the two, you can settle the world." Liu Bei listened to Mr. Shui Jing's words, and asked Zhuge Liang of Wolong to come out of the mountain and assist him in achieving great things. "Longzhong is right, burn Bowangpo and Xinye, seven captures meng, six out of Qishan", in order to repay the favor of knowing the encounter, Zhuge Liang also bowed down and died. Liu Bei can be said to have all kinds of trust in Zhuge Liang. In order to avenge his brother's revenge, Liu Bei did not listen to Zhuge Liang's advice and insisted on attacking the State of Wu, and finally ended up running away in a daze. Because of this, he could not afford to be sick. Before his death, he entrusted his youngest son Liu Chan wholeheartedly to Zhuge Liang, the famous White Emperor's City Trustee. "If the heir can be supplemented, he shall be supplemented; if he is not talented, he may take his own." These were the words that Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang when he was sick and bedridden. The meaning is obvious, if Liu Chan is a material that can be created, Wangjun will assist him. If Liu Chan did not have the ability to govern the country, Zhuge Liang could replace him. This sentence represents Liu Bei's highest trust and dependence on Zhuge Liang. We all know that Liu Chan has always been known as the "unsupportable Ah Dou", and his talent can be imagined. Did Liu Bei recognize reality before his death and wanted to give up the Shu Han that he had not easily established?
Obviously, this answer is the three words "impossible", as a descendant of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bei has always had the ambition to revive the Han Dynasty, and when he first invited Zhuge Liang to come out of the mountain, it was precisely for this purpose that he increased the weight. So, since this is the case, how dare Liu Bei say something like "If he is not talented, he can take it upon himself"? If Zhuge Liang really had ambitions and really practiced these eight words, wouldn't the Shu Han, who had been hard to build, change his surname? Didn't Liu Bei have such worries at the beginning?
Second, behind the surrender, there is trust and gratitude
As a generation of tyrants, he was able to get the help of Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, and Zhuge Liang in the turbulent period of the times, which shows that Liu Bei is not ordinary. Through the display of talent again and again, Liu Bei was well aware of Zhuge Liang's profound wisdom. Although his youngest son, Liu Chan, was raised as a prince from an early age, in the end his ability was limited, and it was difficult to control the Jiangshan between the chaotic world in which the able were in charge. Therefore, Liu Bei wanted to leave Zhuge Liang behind and continue to assist his Shu Han. Just as when the three Gu Maolu were at the beginning, Liu Bei's sincerity touched Zhuge Liang. This time the operation of the orphan is also the meaning.
First of all, Liu Bei was able to say this sentence based on his basic trust in Zhuge Liang, but also to express his gratitude to Zhuge Liang, whether it was his previous assistance to him, or to the later lord An Bang, Zhuge Liang was indispensable. Among the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei's vision was extremely fierce, and he saw people very accurately. After many years of getting along, his loyalty to Zhuge Liang had long been clear. Naturally, he dared to trust this heavy responsibility with confidence and boldness. Someone asked, then why not look for Liu Chan's savior Zhao Yun? Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei were three people in Taoyuan, known as brotherly love, and Zhao Yun was named "fourth brother" by Liu Bei, and its importance can be imagined. But at that time, Zhao Yun was already the age of Jiazi, even older than Liu Bei. Secondly, based on their brotherly feelings, whether there is verbal instruction or not, Zhao Yun will also do his best to assist.
"The former emperor did not despise his subjects, and he was indecent and self-deprecating, and the three ministers were in the grass, and the counselors were grateful for the affairs of the world, so they allowed the former emperor to drive him away." In the "Table of Renunciation", Zhuge Liang clearly expressed his gratitude to the former emperor for his kindness and was willing to run and serve for it. And Liu Bei's original entrustment was precisely this intention, which inspired Zhuge Liang's determination to be loyal to Shu Han, making him grateful to Dade and always having a loyal heart for Shu Han. Liu Bei can become a generation of tyrants, and from this mental technique, it has its inevitability.
Third, the meaning behind Li Yan, the second person who is orphaned
Everyone knew that Liu Beituo was lonely with Zhuge Liang, but they did not know that there was another person who was entrusted with being orphaned at that time, and he was Li Yan. In 218 BC, Liu Bei launched a large-scale attack on Hanzhong, but there was no "fire in the back", and nearly tens of thousands of people rebelled. Li Yan led five thousand troops to defeat the rebels and solve Liu Bei's worries. Since then, this general has stood out and been reused by Liu Bei. There is some remark that Liu Bei chose Li Yan in order to balance the forces of the Shi clan under Zhuge Liang with other Shi clans and to balance each other. There is a reason for this, but Liu Bei's mind is far from being so simple.
As mentioned above, Liu Bei's good-looking people, so he knows Zhuge Liang very well, for example, Zhuge Liang lacked a little fire in looking at people and employing people, such as his reuse of horse rumors, and finally lost the street pavilion, resulting in a serious setback in the subsequent Northern Expedition. Liu Bei reused Li Yan, and before his death, he promoted Li Yan to Shang Shu Ling and ordered his town to guard Yong'an in the east. Shang Shuling, this position was normally to stay by the emperor's side to assist, but Liu Bei sent yong'an to defend the fortress of Wu. In doing so, it was out of concern for Zhuge Liang. He knew that on the way to the Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang would unite with the State of Wu to fight against Cao. But at the same time, he is also worried that there will be a similar incident of "Ma Mo Lost Street Kiosk". To this end, he needs to be prepared in advance, maintain vigilance against Dongwu, just in case. Therefore, Li Yan, who could defeat the rebels with five thousand people, was the best candidate in Liu Bei's heart.
However, I have to say that Liu Bei's reuse of Li Yan was not out of distrust of Zhuge Liang. Although Li Yan was appointed to the high post of Shang Shuling, his actual power did not reach this height. In the Shu Han Dynasty, in addition to the later lord Liu Chan, Zhuge Liang was the political center of the country. It can be seen from this that Liu Bei's promotion of Li Yan was not what he wanted to put him in the same position as Zhuge Liang and jointly assist the Empress Dowager.
(4) The Father's Instructions, the King's Command
In an era of chaos and turmoil, to achieve a great cause, to the strength of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei's talent can be imagined. A simple orphan has a multi-layered meaning behind it. The mind of a generation of tyrants is indeed not simple. With Zhuge Liang's talent, it was absolutely easy to take down Shu Han and become the next queen lord. However, Liu Bei was able to give Zhuge Liang supreme power and freedom in a few seemingly simple words, and finally firmly stabilized his loyalty through this. As Chen Shou said in the "Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms" (Romance of the Three Kingdoms), "And his whole country is entrusted to Zhuge Liang, and his mind is undeterred, and he is sincere and the prince is the most righteous, and the grand track of ancient and modern times is also." "Instead of thinking about how to prevent it, it is better to completely delegate power and give full trust."
In the end, such a trust was exchanged for Zhuge Liang's "bowing down and dying". Behind this solitude, after the multi-layered analysis of posterity, it has various meanings. But back to the beginning, in the final analysis, Liu Bei wanted Zhuge Liang to take good care of his two words, his country. It was a father's entrustment and a king's command.